JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2021
·
IF 6.165
Liyu Chen,Jiaxin Yang,Youjian Yang,Jiangyu Yu,Xianwei Hu,Wenju Tao,Zhaowen Wang
The fluorine salt system is a potential electrolyte for the preparation of metals and alloys from metal oxides via molten salt electrolysis. The solubility of ZrO 2 in KF–AlF 3 –Al 2 O 3 molten salts (KF/AlF 3 molar ratio = 2.1–2.8, Al 2 O 3 content = 0–9 wt%) was measured using the isothermal saturation method in this study. The influence of temperature and electrolyte composition on ZrO 2 solubility was analyzed. The dissolution mechanism of ZrO 2 was then determined based on the analysis of X–ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy results. The experimental results show that the solubility of ZrO 2 in the 2.4KF–AlF 3 molten salt at 1233 K could reach up to 6.62 wt%. Besides, the solubility of ZrO 2 increase with the increase of temperature, the decrease of KF/AlF 3 molar ratio and Al 2 O 3 content. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses show that the dissolved ZrO 2 in KF–AlF 3 molten salts existed in the form of [Zr 2 O 2 F 6 ] 2− and [ZrF 6 ] 2− complex ions under melting and cooling conditions, respectively. And the dissolution process of ZrO 2 in KF–AlF 3 molten salts can be described using a mass transfer control model.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Scientific Reports
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 1
·1-11
·
IF 4.38
Wang Jingfeng,Zhang Yue,Liu Fang,Li Qingkui
Considering the problem of high oxygen content in industrial niobium powder, the oxygen reduction of high oxygen niobium powder with the addition of magnesium is studied. Based on the thermodynamic analysis of magnesium thermal reduction of niobium powder, the effects of reduction temperature, magnesium addition, reduction time, and reduction atmosphere on the oxygen content of pickling niobium powder are studied. The results show that with an increase in the magnesium addition, the oxygen content of pickling niobium powder gradually decreases to a certain value, and then remains unchanged. In a certain temperature range (953–1203 K), with an increase in the reduction temperature, the oxygen content of pickling niobium powder first decreases, and then increases; the best oxygen content is 356 ppm at 1133 K. With the extension in reduction time (2–6 h), the oxygen content of pickling niobium powder first decreases, and then remains unchanged. Finally, the oxygen content of pickled niobium powder is reduced to approximately 356 ppm at 400% magnesium addition at 1133 K for 4 h.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PLoS One
·
2018
·Vol. 13
·期 4
·e0192324
·
IF 2.766
Hai-qian Zhao,Zhong-hua Wang,Xing-cun Gao,Cheng-hao Liu,Han-bing Qi
H 2 O 2 was adopted to oxidize NO in simulated flue gas at 100–500°C. The effects of the H 2 O 2 evaporation conditions, gas temperature, initial NO concentration, H 2 O 2 concentration, and H 2 O 2 :NO molar ratio on the oxidation efficiency of NO were investigated. The reason for the narrow NO oxidation temperature range near 500°C was determined. The NO oxidation products were analyzed. The removal of NO x using NaOH solution at a moderate oxidation ratio was studied. It was proven that rapid evaporation of the H 2 O 2 solution was critical to increase the NO oxidation efficiency and broaden the oxidation temperature range. the NO oxidation efficiency was above 50% at 300–500°C by contacting the outlet of the syringe needle and the stainless-steel gas pipe together to spread H 2 O 2 solution into a thin film on the surface of the stainless-steel gas pipe, which greatly accelerated the evaporation of H 2 O 2 . The NO oxidation efficiency and the NO oxidation rate increased with increasing initial NO concentration. This method was more effective for the oxidation of NO at high concentrations. H 2 O 2 solution with a concentration higher than 15% was more efficient in oxidizing NO. High temperatures decreased the influence of the H 2 O 2 concentration on the NO oxidation efficiency. The oxidation efficiency of NO increased with an increase in the H 2 O 2 :NO molar ratio, but the ratio of H 2 O 2 to oxidized NO decreased. Over 80% of the NO oxidation product was NO 2 , which indicated that the oxidation ratio of NO did not need to be very high. An 86.7% NO removal efficiency was obtained at an oxidation ratio of only 53.8% when combined with alkali absorption.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Environmental Earth Sciences
·
2022
·Vol. 81
·期 16
·1-12
·
IF 3.119
Feng Wenchao,Wu Jun,Lu Jian
The high concentration of manganese (Mn 2+ ) in geothermal water will seriously reduce its utilization rate. Manganese sand has been used to rapidly remove Mn 2+ from water. This study investigated the long-term removal of Mn 2+ from simulated geothermal water by manganese sand filtration column system. The average Mn 2+ removal rate from simulated water with the inlet water temperature of 25, 50, 70 °C were 87.4%, 96.2% and 99.0% during the operation of 90 days. The effluent pH did not change much compared with influent pH value (7.6–8.0). The Mn 2+ removal rates during the operation of 90 days with influent concentration of 1, 10, 20 and 50 mg/L were respectively 98.2%, 99.8%, 91.4% and 63.4%. The average removal rates of Mn 2+ were respectively 99.8% and 94.0% with the influent flow of 5.2 mL/min and 10.4 mL/min. The temperature change in the manganese sand filtration column was further explored in this paper. The experiment of filtration column heated/non-heated showed that the manganese sand filtration column heated had a better effect of removal which could run for 152 days. The dispersion coefficient ( D ) analysis derived from inverse modeling showed that a small temperature change in the filtration column system was conducive to the homogenization of manganese sand medium in the column. The Mn 2+ removal process of manganese sand filtration column heated was proposed. Surface characteristics analysis of manganese sand in the column after reaction showed that Mn 2+ removal mainly occurred in the upper part of the filter column. The surface material of manganese sand in the filtration column heated after operation was manganese oxide material mainly composed of Mn 2 O 3 and MnO 2 . These findings suggested the potential of manganese sand in the engineering application of removing Mn 2+ in geothermal water.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2020
·
IF 9.038
Junhao Lin,Qinxiong Liao,Yaping Hu,Rui Ma,Chongwei Cui,Shichang Sun,Xiangli Liu
The generation of sulfur-containing pollution products affects the quality of biofuels obtained from the supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of sludge . This study investigates the effects of the gasification temperature, moisture content, and reaction atmosphere on the evolution of sulfur-containing compounds. The results showed that temperature was the key parameter causing the migration of sulfur from sludge to biogas and liquid products. The sludge decomposition reaction was dominated by ionic reactions at 360 °C, while the decomposition of organic matter was converted to free radical reactions as the temperature increased from 380 °C to 440 °C. The mercaptan and thioether contents of the bio-oil decreased to 0.3% at 440 °C. Correspondingly, the concentration of H 2 S increased from 6.7 ppm to 38.0 ppm. The decomposition of organic sulfur with an unstable structure (S-H bond and S-C bond) was the main cause of the increase in the content of H 2 S. Additionally, the solubility and oxidation properties of supercritical water were extremely strong. Some sulfur-containing organic compounds were converted into SO 4 2- via hydrolysis and oxidation reactions, forming sulfate crystals with heavy metals in the bio-char, which aided in achieving the synergistic immobilization of sulfur and heavy metals.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·Vol. 87
·期 11
·2634-2647
·
IF 2.7
Yu Rongzhen,Xiao Ya,Zhao Xiaojiao,Yao Pin,Yan Tinggui
View large Download slide View large Download slide Close modal Recovering phosphorus from incineration sludge sewage ash (ISSA) is a well-established technology, with a greater recovery potential than that of supernatant or sludge. ISSA can be utilized as a secondary raw material in the fertilizer industry, or as a fertilizer if heavy metal concentrations do not exceed permissible limits, thus reducing the cost of phosphorus recovery. Increasing the temperature to produce ISSA with higher solubility and plant availability of phosphorus is advantageous for both pathways. But a decrease in the extraction of phosphorus is also observed at high temperatures, thereby diminishing the overall economic benefits. In this study, CaCl 2 was utilized to mitigate the decrease in the extraction rate and also to promote the bioavailability of phosphorus. The addition of CaCl 2 (80 g/kg of dry sludge) effectively promoted the conversion of non-apatite inorganic phosphorus to apatite inorganic phosphorus at a rate of 87.73% at 750 °C. Furthermore, the decrease in the extraction rate of phosphorus at 1,050 °C was comparatively smaller in the presence of CaCl 2 . If iron flocculants are used to capture P in wastewater management, it may be necessary to pay special attention to the amount of addition and incineration temperature to maximize the economic potential of recycling. The decrease in the extraction of phosphorus at high temperatures is due to the enwrapping of some phosphorus-containing minerals by molten phases. The decrease in the extraction of phosphorus in sludge ash at high temperatures is mitigated by CaCl 2 . The acceptable conversion rate of apatite inorganic phosphorus (87%) can be achieved at 750 °C with a Ca/P ratio of 2.0.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
资源回收
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOM
·
2021
·Vol. 73
·期 3
·881-891
·
IF 2.474
Li Yun,Taskinen Pekka,Wang Yuejun,Yang Shenghai,Tang Chaobo,Chen Yongming,Jokilaakso Ari
A promising lead-containing waste recycling method, with sulfur conservation and reductive sulfur-fixing co-smelting process (RSFCS), is proposed. This work investigated the PbSO 4 reduction equilibrium composition, phase conversions, and microscopic transformation mechanisms during the RSFCS process at different temperatures, times, and CO-CO 2 mixtures using thermodynamic modeling, thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray diffraction, and SEM-EDS analysis techniques. At the same time, the gaseous products were collected and analyzed. The results showed that three reduction paths existed: (1) PbSO 4 \( \to ^{{ {\text{CO/CO}}_{{2}} }} \) PbO·PbSO 4 +SO 2 \(\to ^{{ {\text{CO/CO}}_{{2}} }}\) 2PbO·PbSO 4 +SO 2 \(\to ^{{ {\text{CO/CO}}_{{2}} }} \) 4PbO·PbSO 4 +SO 2 \(\to ^{{ {\text{CO/CO}}_{{2}} }} \) PbO+SO 2 \( \to ^{{ {\text{CO/CO}}_{{2}} }}\) Pb; (2) PbSO 4 \( \to ^{{ {\text{CO/CO}}_{{2}} }} \) PbS; (3) PbSO 4 → PbO·PbSO 4 +SO 3 → 2PbO·PbSO 4 +SO 3 → 4PbO·PbSO 4 +SO 3 → PbO+SO 3 . Reduction temperature and CO concentration were determined as major factors in the PbSO 4 reduction. In a relatively weak reductive atmosphere and at low temperature, x PbO·PbSO 4 ( x = 1, 2, 4), PbO, Pb, and SO 2 were the major products. When temperature and the CO concentration increased, PbSO 4 was selectively reduced to PbS, with sulfur in the PbSO 4 fixed in PbS, instead of emitting SO 2 /SO 3 .
研究领域:
冶金学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
WATER RESEARCH
·
2024
·
IF 11.4
Weinan Feng,Wencheng Ma,Dan Zhong
Chloramine is the second most popular disinfectant and is widely used in the disinfection of drinking water. For chloramine disinfection, some standards require the total chlorine concentration to be maintained in an appropriate range in the water distribution system. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of chloramine decay and deriving an accurate chloramine decay model helps to optimize the disinfection process and ensure water quality safety. This paper proposed a locally enhanced mixed-order(LEM) model consisting of the first order model and the mixed order model to describe chloramine auto-decomposition and decays caused by other reactions respectively. Via proving the parameter a and k 2 related to temperatures instead of initial chloramine concentration, the model had been further simplified. Nine chloramine decay experiments with different initial chloramine concentrations and temperatures were designed and carried out to evaluate the new model performance for chloramine decay simulation. The research results showed that the simplified LEM model could simulate the whole process of chloramine decay well. Its accuracy evaluation indexes (R 2 and SSE) were better than that obtained from the first order model and the mixed order model. This paper proposed a simple and accurate method to simulate the process of chloramine decay and had a guiding significance for water quality safety assurance.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理工程
·
公共卫生
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2014
·
IF 2.045
Yongzhao Zhang,Xia Guo,Jianbing Ji
(2R,3S,4S,5S)-6-(Hydroxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol (d-glucose) solubility in 1-dodecanol, 1-decanol, and 1-octanol from 343.15 K to 393.15 K was determined, respectively. The solubility of d-glucose increased with an increase in temperature and decreased with the increase of fatty alcohol chain length. The modified UNIQUAC model, S-UNIFAC model, and mS-UNIFAC model were applied to predict the solubility data; the interaction parameters were determined. Of the three models, the modified UNIQUAC model showed better prediction accuracy.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2015
·
IF 2.037
Rongrong Li,Jian Wan,Yingjie Zhang,Danxia Liang,Bin Zhang,Chenghong Li
The equilibrium solubility of sodium 1-naphthalenesulfonate in binary NaCl + water, Na2SO4 + water, and C2H5OH + water solvent mixtures was measured by a steady-state method at elevated temperatures from (278.15 to 323.15) K. The results of these data were correlated by a modified Apelblat equation. The dissolution enthalpy (ΔHd) and entropy (ΔSd) of sodium 1-naphthalenesulfonate in solutions of different mole fraction were obtained.
研究领域:
物理化学
·
热力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
·
2023
·
IF 5
Xiang He,Aiyilaiti Kudesi,Shuangxi Wang,Xin Liu,Lin Hu
Heterogeneous reactions of toluene/NO 2 with and without O 3 on α-Fe 2 O 3 particles was studied as a function of temperature by using in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometry (DRIFTS). The results show that the formation of R-ONO 2 group is identified on the α-Fe 2 O 3 particles surface, indicating the formation of benzyl nitrate in the presence of toluene/NO 2 with or without O 3 at different temperatures from 253 K to 298 K. From the analysis of the spectral changes, the reaction kinetics, such as reaction rate and uptake coefficient are sensitive to temperature. During the heterogeneous reaction of toluene/NO 2 , the formation rate of organic nitrate increases from (2.38 ± 0.07) × 10 17 ions g −1 s −1 to (5.95 ± 0.09) × 10 17 ions g −1 s −1 when the temperature decreases from 278 K to 253 K. When the trace gases were toluene/NO 2 /O 3 , the reaction rate increases about 3 folds with the increasing of temperature from 253 K to 298 K. In the absence of ozone, nitrification from heterogeneous reaction is exothermic process. However, the addition of ozone dominates the whole reaction process, resulting the different change trends of formation rate at similar range of temperatures. Furthermore, reactive uptake coefficient increases from (6.73 ± 0.02) × 10 −7 to (1.64 ± 0.05) × 10 −6 with decreasing temperature from 278 K to 253 K during the heterogeneous reaction of toluene/NO 2 on α-Fe 2 O 3 particles. The values of activation energy for the heterogeneous reaction of toluene/NO 2 and toluene/NO 2 /O 3 are determined to be −8.60 ± 0.91 kJ mol −1 and 15.14 ± 2.51 kJ mol −1 , respectively. It implies that the heat change is an important factor in affecting the heterogeneous reaction under the seasonal temperature changes.
研究领域:
大气化学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 3.2
Liu Xiaolong,Peng Wu,Ouyang Hui,Wang Ping,Yu Xiongwei,Xie Tingting,Huo Jiaying,Li Shugang
The oxidative stability of walnut kernels during storage has a significant impact on their industrial development. However, the effect of storage conditions on the oxidation of walnut kernel lipids and its mechanism have not been systematically elucidated. Therefore, in this study, the lipid oxidation process in walnut kernels under different storage conditions (room temperature-air, room temperature-vacuum, low temperature-air, and low temperature-vacuum) was systematically studied from the perspective of phenomena, substances, and mechanisms using HPLC–MS and GC–MS methods. Experimental results found the walnut kernels stored at room temperature in air showed the highest PV (7.78 mmol/kg), conjugated diene (1.29), and hexanal (848.65 ng/g) after a 9-month storage. A total of 597 lipid substances were detected in walnut kernels under the four storage conditions, including 5 classes and 26 subclasses, of which 115 were significantly different. Differential lipid metabolite analyses indicated that storage conditions mainly affected the glycerophospholipid and glycerolipid metabolic pathways of walnut kernels, followed by linoleic acid metabolism. It revealed that temperature, rather than air conditions, played a dominant role in the lipid oxidation of walnut kernels during storage. This experiment could provide a comprehensive understanding of the lipid oxidation of stored walnut kernels and technical support for quality control. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
食品科学
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）