Molten-sodium beta-alumina batteries including sodium–sulfur (NAS) and sodium-metal chloride (ZEBRA) batteries have been considered as promising candidates for reliable low-cost stationary energy storage devices. The structural parameters of the porous cathode wetted by NaAlCl 4 have been proved to be one of the important reasons for the degradation of ZEBRA batteries. Herein, the influencing factors of porous cathode on the impedance of Na–NiCl 2 battery are investigated in detail. The interface between the NaAlCl 4 catholyte and Ni/NaCl cathode material and the ratio of the conductive components in the cathode are discussed in this paper. Based on the wettability results of each component of the cathode material at different porosities and temperatures, the wetting behavior between NaAlCl 4 and the porous cathode is summarized. Both the porosity and metal ratio of the cathode need to be considered in order to achieve the optimal catholyte/cathode material interface and minimum operating impedance. The proposed cathode parameters are porosity greater than 24% and conductive component ratio of 1.5 at NaAlCl 4 ratio of 1.75. This work provides a quantitative guidance and deep understanding for the material design of ZEBRA battery cathodes.
Aqueous tape casting exhibits unique advantages in the production of large transparent ceramic (TC) flakes. However, the high surface energy of aqueous slurries results in poor wettability with carrier tapes, thereby making it difficult to obtain high-quality green bodies. In addition, organic additives always introduce unexpected defects into TCs. In this study, the wettabilities of an aqueous solution on various carrier tapes were compared, and the rheological behaviours of a slurry were systematically investigated. The cellophane (PT) carrier with high surface energy dramatically improved the wettability of the aqueous slurry. The organic content of the optimized slurry was as low as 12.0 wt%. The dried green body was defect-free, and its tensile strength reached 8.7 MPa. The deformation degree of the TC flakes was only approximately 0.3%. The YAG flakes with dimensions of 100 mm × 100 mm × 1 mm exhibited a high transmittance of 82.8% (@400 nm). The ideas, methods, and results of this study will accelerate the application of aqueous tape casting in the field of high-tech ceramics.
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