Nonaqueous biphasic solvent has remarkable energy-saving potential. The weak force between N, N, N′, N″, N‴-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) contributes to facilitating the separation between DMSO and PMDETA, thereby enabling efficient liquid–liquid phase separation. Nevertheless, the weak interactions of PMDETA with other solvent molecules pose considerable challenges in the formulation of fresh homogeneous phase solutions. This study proposes a strategy to enhance PMDETA dissolution by introducing a solubilizer into a hybrid phase splitter, thereby increasing the concentration of PMDETA in the solvent. With the addition of a small quantity of solubilizer, the absorption, regeneration, and phase separation performance among the absorbents are comparable. The phase separation performance is influenced by the number of hydrogen bonds formed by the solubilizer, and the concentration of solubilizer in the lower phase is dependent on its hydrophobicity. Characterization using 13 C NMR and FT-IR indicates that CO 2 products primarily exist in the form of MEACOO − /MEAH + . Through DFT and molecular dynamics simulations, the impact of the solvent environment surrounding Ethanolamine (MEA) on the MEA + COO − deprotonation reaction is analyzed. While PMDETA offers a more favorable proton acceptance energy compared to MEA, the limited opportunities for PMDETA to come into contact with MEA molecules may be the primary hindrance to its participation in the reaction. Significantly lower corrosivity and regeneration energy requirements for non-aqueous biphasic solvents compared to 30 wt% MEA make them ideal candidates for energy-efficient, low-corrosivity CO 2 capture.
The development of reversible calcium and magnesium metal batteries is plagued by the formation of ion-blocking solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) on metal surfaces. CaI 2 phase is recognized as a beneficial component for facilitating Ca 2+ transport, but low solubility of CaI 2 electrolyte results in CaI 2 -deficient SEIs and impedes Ca 2+ migration kinetics. Herein, a family of alkyl ammonium iodide (RNH 3 I) solubilizers is reported to reorganize Ca 2+ solvation structure, forming soluble I − -rich complex to effectively promote CaI 2 salt dissolution. The elevated I − concentration in CaI 2 /RNH 3 I electrolytes enriches CaI 2 species within the SEIs, while electrochemical reduction of RNH 3 + cations generates a Ca 3 N 2 component with a favorable migration barrier. Thanks to an enhanced Ca 2+ migration kinetics in CaI 2 /Ca 3 N 2 hybrid SEIs, the developed electrolytes realizes an over 20-fold reduction in voltage polarization compared to blank CaI 2 counterpart, enabling stable cycling of reversible Ca metal batteries. Furthermore, this solubilization strategy could be readily extended to Mg metal batteries with electrochemical performance enhancements, demonstrating a universal electrolyte design concept for engineering divalent metal batteries’ interface.
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