CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 4.3
Qi Zhao,Fei Wu,Junyi Wang,Pengyuan Gao,Kaimin Shih
A non‑aqueous separation strategy that combines acetonitrile (ACN) with 1, 3‑propanediol (PDO) is presented for the 90 yttrium(III)/ 90 strontium(II) (Y(III)/Sr(II)) separation. In an initial dissolution step, the ACN-PDO mixture displays a pronounced solubility contrast between Y nitrate (1.22 g/100 g) and Sr nitrate (0.09 g/100 g), enabling the selective dissolution of trace Y(III) while Sr(II) remains largely undissolved. Furthermore, ACN-PDO mixture also exhibits favorable physicochemical properties, e.g., relatively low viscosity (about 40 mPa·s), a suitable density difference (0.25 g/cm 3 ) from n -octane, and lower miscibility with n -octane, for constituting an extraction system with N,N,N’,N’ tetra-octyl-3-oxopentanediamide in n -octane, in which both Y(III) extraction efficiencies and separation factors greatly exceed those of aqueous-based extraction systems. Density functional theory calculations also confirmed that the Y/Sr separation is more favorable in ACN-PDO/ n -octane systems compared to water/ n -octane systems due to differences in solvation effects and contact ion pairs. A practice integrated separation process achieved a Y(III) recovery of >90 % with product purity exceeding 99 %. The overall decontamination factor (>460,000) is markedly higher than the values reported for existing aqueous‑based methods.
研究领域:
核化学
·
放射化学
·
分离科学
·
溶剂萃取
·
环境化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2020
·
IF 3.338
Luqi Zeng,Tianzu Yang,Xintao Yi,Ping Chen,Jiaxun Liu,Guangsheng Huo
A mixture of TBP and P507 was proposed for the separation of molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) from iron (Fe) in a hydrochloric-phosphoric acid (HCl-H 3 PO 4 ) solution that was obtained from the hydrochloric acid preleaching of low-grade scheelite . Various extractants with TBP were investigated, and P507 showed synergistic effects on Mo and W extraction and a strong antagonistic effect on Fe extraction. Then, the effects of various conditions on the separation of Mo and W from Fe with the mixture of TBP and P507 were investigated. Using 24% ( v /v) TBP, 16% (v/v) P507 and 60% (v/v) kerosene as extractants, 90% Mo and 88% W were extracted with only 8% Fe co-extraction, and the separation factors of Mo/Fe and W/Fe were 153 and 118, respectively, through one-stage extraction under the following conditions: 1.7 mol/L H + , A/O ratio of 3:1, contact time of 10 min, and temperature of 15 °C. After two-stage batch continuous extraction, 99% Mo, 94% W and 10% Fe were extracted. By washing with 2 mol/L hydrochloric acid, most of the Fe and other impurities were removed with negligible losses of Mo and W. Upon stripping with 5 mol/L ammonia at a 1:1 organic-to-aqueous phase ratio, almost 100% of the Mo and W were recovered from the washed organic phase. Other impurities, such as P, Si, Ca, Al, and Mn, minimally affected the extraction of Mo and W.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
冶金学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2017
·
IF 2.605
She Chen,Zhifeng Zhang,Shengting Kuang,Yanling Li,Xiaowen Huang,Wuping Liao
A new extractant, bis(2-ethylhexyl)-1-(2-ethylhexylamino)propylphosphonate (BEAP or B) was synthesized to extract and separate zirconium and hafnium from sulfate medium. Under optimum conditions, the separation factor of Zr over Hf was found to be 6.8. The extracted complexes were determined to be ZrO(HSO 4 ) 2 ·3B and HfO(HSO 4 ) 2 ·2B. The extractions of zirconium and hafnium are both exothermic. A counter-current operation was conducted, in which the content of HfO 2 was decreased from 3% to 0.6% in the ZrO 2 product. It is suggested that much more extraction and scrubbing stages are needed to reach the goal of 0.01% HfO 2 in ZrO 2 product.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Yongchao Wang,Yahui Liu,Fancheng Meng,Jian Zhang,Shuai Zhao,Xile Tian,Lina Wang,Desheng Chen,Tao Qi
The significant chemical similarity between vanadium and chromium complicates the process of efficient extracting V(Ⅳ) from the solution containing Cr(Ⅲ) to prepare high-purity vanadyl sulfate electrolyte. In this study, the separation of vanadium and chromium with 2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid-2-ethylhexyl ester (EHEHPA) was enhanced by increasing the concentration of SO 4 2− . Under the extraction equilibrium pH of 2.5, the extraction of Cr(III) was suppressed by increasing the concentration of SO 4 2− anions, which hardly affected the extraction efficiency of V(IV), achieving a separation factor as high as 5780.6 at SO 4 2− concentration of 1.75 mol·L −1 . Furthermore, after pretreatment of the water-leaching solution of sodium-roasted vanadium slag, extraction was carried out under the conditions of equilibrium pH of 1.8 and SO 4 2− concentration of about 2.00 mol·L −1 , and after stripping, the vanadyl sulfate electrolyte containing 2.12 mol·L −1 of vanadium and only 0.11 mg·L −1 of chromium was obtained. It was proved that Cr(Ⅲ) mainly extracted in the form of CrSO 4 + into organic phase by one EHEHPA dimer as [CrSO 4 (H 2 O)] + under higher SO 4 2− concentrations (e.g., ≥1.50 mol·L −1 ), while Cr(Ⅲ) was extracted by two EHEHPA dimers as Cr 3+ without SO 4 2− in the solution. Based on the density functional theory, the complex structures of Cr(III) were optimized and the energy changes of Cr(III) extraction reactions were calculated, indicating the complexation between SO 4 2− and Cr(III) under higher SO 4 2− concentrations resulting in the inhibition of Cr(III) extraction, and thus enhancing the separation of vanadium and chromium.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RARE METALS
·
2020
·Vol. 39
·期 12
·1473-1482
·
IF 2.161
Feng Shao-Ping,Huang Kun
Abstract Separation of palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt) by solvent extraction is difficult because of their extremely similar physicochemical properties. Development of new extractants with a high extraction efficiency and excellent separation selectivity is the primary focus for enhancing the separation of Pd and Pt by solvent extraction. In this study, a new extractant, 2-((2-methoxyethyl)thio)-1H-benzimidazole (MOBI), which contains N, S, and O atoms, was synthesized and used to separate Pd(II) and Pt(IV) from a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution. The experimental results revealed that Pd(II) and Pt(IV) were effectively separated under the optimal conditions: MOBI concentration of 0.005 mol·L −1 , HCl concentration of 0.2 mol·L −1 , organic/aqueous (O/A) phase ratio of 1.0, and contact time of 15 min. The separation coefficient between Pd(II) and Pt(IV) was 1246.40, which indicates that MOBI has a higher selectivity for Pd(II) than Pt(IV). In addition, the mechanism of coordination between Pd(II) and MOBI was demonstrated through the slope method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR), and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 13 C NMR). The results revealed that MOBI could coordinate with Pd(II) via the N atom in the benzimidazole ring of MOBI molecules to form [Pd(MOBI) 2 Cl 2 ] (O) . Graphic abstract
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2021
·
IF 4.156
Licheng Zhang,Lianmin Ji,Lijuan Li,Dong Shi,Taoshan Xu,Xiaowu Peng,Xuexue Song
A method of recovering cobalt, nickel, and lithium from mixed solutions was proposed based on β-diketone solvent extraction using benzoyltrifluoroacetone (HBTA), trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), and green kerosene. The effective metal recovery and separation parameters such as solution pH, saponification degree, extraction time, and phase ratio were evaluated experimentally. The results indicated that cobalt and nickel were recovered through 2-stage cross-current extraction at different phase ratios and that lithium was recovered through three-stage countercurrent extraction. The metal-loaded organic phase was stripped using an inorganic acid solution to obtain cobalt-, nickel-, and lithium-concentrated solutions. The Co/Ni and Ni/Co molar ratios in the cobalt- and nickel-concentrated solutions were 54.4 and 164, respectively, and the lithium concentration reached 1.78 × 10 4 mg L −1 in the lithium-enriched solution. The extraction mechanism was studied, and the results revealed that Co 2+ and Ni 2+ were extracted by ion exchange in which two moles of H + or Na + had been replaced by divalent metal ions . The Li + extraction stoichiometry was studied by cultivating single crystals. Because cobalt, nickel, and lithium were recovered by single extraction, no other organic substances were required. This work provides a sustainable, environmentally friendly, and versatile method of recovering valuable metals from spent lithium batteries .
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2022
·
IF 4.217
Wenbo Li,Runnan Guo,Yanjun Li,Zhenhai Dong
In this study, we developed a new method for the efficient extraction and separation of V from direct acid leaching solutions of weathered crust V Ti magnetite using N235/TBP, sodium sulfate (Na 2 SO 4 ), and sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ) as the extraction system and washing and stripping agents, respectively. The effects of various experimental conditions on the extraction results were investigated, and the extraction efficiency of V was approximately 70% with <4% Fe co-extraction under optimal conditions. A four-stage countercurrent extraction method was used to extract >96% of V and <4.5% of Fe, and the separation factor of V/Fe was 541. Upon washing the V-loaded organic phase with a 0.70 mol/L Na 2 SO 4 solution, >96% of Fe and ~1% of V were removed. Moreover, upon stripping the purified organic phase with a 0.70 mol/L Na 2 CO 3 solution, >98% of V was recovered. The effects of other impurities on the separation of V were negligible. Moreover, the stripped organic phase can be recycled sustainably during extraction. In this study, we selectively separated V and provided a new method for accelerating the purification and enrichment of V, which is present at low concentrations in acid leaching solutions.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
DESALINATION
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Huifang Li,Yu Yue,Xiao Wang,Dahuan Liu
Solvent extraction has emerged as an extremely effective and highly promising approach for extracting lithium ions from salt lake brine, primarily due to its remarkable Li + selectivity, cost-effectiveness, and high efficiency. In this paper, the utilization of bis-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-phosphinic acid (Cyanex 272) as an iron-fixed reagent in an organic solution, along with tributyl phosphate (TBP) as the extractant and FeCl 3 as the co-extractant, is proposed. Compared to the traditional TBP-FeCl 3 system, TBP-Cyanex 272 extraction system holds potential advantages in terms of a more environmentally friendly extraction process. Particularly, during the stripping process, the coordination of Fe 3+ with Cyanex 272 and TBP at a lower Cl − concentration allows Fe 3+ to be retained in the organic phase, thereby facilitating a greener extraction process. This method has effectively overcome the technical challenges associated with TBP-FeCl 3 systems, such as strong acid stripping and strong base saponification. Additionally, as an environmentally friendly extraction system, TBP-Cyanex 272 demonstrates exceptional performance in terms of lithium extraction efficiency and phase separation.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MINERALS ENGINEERING
·
2019
·
IF 3.315
Tao Zhang,Tao Jiang,Zhihong Liu
The N235–TOP–sulfonated kerosene system was applied for the recovery of Ge(IV) from a synthetic sulfuric acid leaching solution of secondary zinc oxide , containing Ge(IV), Zn(II), As(III), Fe(III), Si(IV), and Cd(II). The co-extraction of As(III) with Ge(IV) is a challenging problem in the extraction of Ge(IV) from aqueous solution by N235. However, TOP, as a modifier, suppressed the co-extraction of As(III) significantly. The effects of factors including N235 concentration, extraction time, tartaric acid to Ge(IV) molar ratio and temperature on the extractions of Ge(IV) and As(III) were studied. At an organic/aqueous (O/A) phase ratio of 1/1, aqueous phase pH of 1.2, extraction time of 10.5 min, tartaric acid-to-Ge(IV) molar ratio of 5.0, and temperature of 25 °C, the extraction efficiency of Ge(IV) reached 93.9%, whereas only 1.3% of As(III) was extracted by the 25%(v/v)N235–10%(v/v) TOP–sulfonated kerosene system in a single stage extraction. The Ge(IV) in the raffinate was less than 1.5 mg/L when employing a five-stage continuous countercurrent extraction at an O/A ratio of 1/10. In addition, aqueous NaOH solution of 0.5 mol/L was an appropriate reagent for the stripping of both Ge(IV) and As(III) at an O/A ratio of 1/1 and 25 °C for 10.0 min.
研究领域:
冶金工程
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
HYDROMETALLURGY
·
2021
·
IF 4.156
Linquan Sun,Hongdong Yu,Fancheng Meng,Tao Qi,Shili Zheng,Yihe Peng,Lina Wang
Niobium consumption has burgeoned owing to the increasing application of niobium in critical industries, including the aerospace and oil and gas industries. Conventional metallurgical technologies and separation methods for niobium extraction use highly concentrated HF, which is hazardous to both humans and the environment. A solvent extraction system comprising trioctyl tertiary amine (N235) and 4-methyl-2-pentanone (MIBK) that can extract and separate niobium from an oxalate-containing H 2 SO 4 solution is proposed in this paper. Niobium solutions tend to contain titanium and iron impurities; therefore, the effects of various conditions on the separation of the three elements were investigated. The extraction mechanism and thermodynamics of the process were also examined. Over 82% niobium was extracted at an organic-to-aqueous phase ratio of 1:1 and the H + concentration of 8.29 mol/L using an organic phase with 50 vol% N235 and 50 vol% MIBK as the extractants at 20 °C. Only 18.4% titanium and 3.35% iron were co-extracted. Two stripping processes, both of which further separated niobium and titanium, are also proposed herein. The possible composition of the niobium-containing extraction complex was [(R 3 NH)·NbO(C 2 O 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ], as supported by a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometry . The extraction mechanism was inferred to be the association of R 3 NH + in N235 with the [NbO(C 2 O 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] − from the acidic niobium-containing solution, and the stripping mechanism was concluded to be anion exchange. The enthalpy change (∆H o ) of the extraction system was −11.0 kJ/mol at 288.15–313.15 K, which indicated that niobium extraction from the H 2 SO 4 solution with oxalate using N235 and MIBK was an irreversible exothermic process.
研究领域:
冶金学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 9
Huayi Tan,Yinling Liu,Bingqiang Fan,Ke Xu,Shili Zheng,Yang Zhang
The deep separation of molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), and nickel (Ni) from acid-leaching solutions has received increasing attention because of the high value of Mo, V and Ni materials. In this study, an efficient strategy is proposed to separate Mo, V, and Ni from an acidic solution that contains iron (Fe). This strategy controls the ion species by adjusting the valence state of the metals to separate them via two stages: selective solvent extraction and oxidation precipitation. In the first stage, more than 99.0 % of the Mo in the form of molybdenum blue species as the anion ion was extracted by the tertiary amine N235, and V, Ni, and Fe (both as the cation ions) remained in the raffinate under the reduced environment. The high-purity product of Mo was then prepared by stripping and precipitation. The mechanism by which Mo selectively extracted was revealed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the special anion [Mo (VI) 2 Mo (V) 4 O 18 ] 6- of molybdenum blue species was confirmed to exist in the Mo-loaded extractant. In the second stage, the reduced V(VO 2+ ) and Fe (Fe 2+ ) were transformed into the forms of polyvanadate ions (in the + 5 state) and Fe 3+ to precipitate them in the forms of sodium vanadate and iron vanadate from the solution that contained Ni, by adding oxidating agent and controlling the solution pH. The results shown that 96.88 % of V and 98.98 % of Fe could be precipitated under the pH was 3, and the mechanisms of V and Fe precipitation were determined by characterization of the precipitates subsequently. On the basis of ion species control, the goal of Mo, V, and Ni separation could be achieved by the selective extraction of N235 and oxidation precipitation.
研究领域:
冶金化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 4.7
Huaixin Hao,Yuxiao Guo,Bin Li,Qilong Tang,Yaoyang Liu,Xue Dong,Chao Xu,Jing Chen,Zhipeng Wang
Neptunium (Np), as a critically regarded actinide in nuclear waste, is of great significance for environmental hazard mitigation and the resource-oriented management of nuclear waste. The reduction of Np(V) to Np(IV) represents a pivotal step toward efficient Np recovery. However, this process is profoundly influenced by the intricate redox chemistry of Np itself and the diverse concomitant fission products in spent nuclear fuel, with the underlying mechanistic details remaining inadequately elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that molybdenum (Mo) and iron (Fe) dramatically accelerated the reduction rate of Np(V) by approximately 2 × 104-fold. Additionally, by integrating analytical techniques including absorption spectroscopy, stopped-flow spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry, and solvent extraction, we deciphered the electron transfer interactions between Mo and Fe, as well as their synergistic catalytic mechanism in driving the Np(V)–Np(IV) conversion. This study not only advances the fundamental understanding of Np redox chemistry in complex nuclear waste matrices but also offers technical support for optimizing nuclear waste treatment protocols.
研究领域:
核化学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）