JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA
·
2017
·
IF 2.323
Dan Li,Shanshan Li,Lingzong Meng,Tianlong Deng,Yafei Guo
The solubility data, composition of the solid solutions, and refractive indices of the LiCl–LiBr–H2O and CaCl2–CaBr2–H2O systems at 288.15 K were studied with the isothermal equilibrium dissolution method. The solubility diagrams and refractive index diagrams of the two systems were plotted at 288.15 K. There is no invariant point, one univariant solubility curve saturated with solid solution, and one crystallization field of the solid solution in the phase diagrams. The two systems belong to the solid solution type, and no double salts formed in the systems. The refractive indices calculated with an empirical equation agree well with the experimental data. By combining the composition equations and solubility equilibrium constant equations of the solid solutions, the solubilities of the two systems at 288.15 K were calculated on the basis of the Pitzer and Harvie–Weare models. The calculated solubilities agree well with the experimental results.
研究领域:
化学
·
物理化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Surfaces and Interfaces
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Chaoran Huo,Yang Wu,Ying Li,Boran Shao,Jieyu Zhang,Yibing Ma
Although the existence of surface precipitation has been reported in the literature, its solubility products ( K sp ) and formation mechanism at the interface have not been widely studied. In the present study, the precipitation of nickel ions (Ni 2+ ) on the surface of montmorillonite (Mt) in the form of Ni(OH) 2 was determined by a series of adsorption/precipitation experiments, extended X-ray absorption fine structure, X-ray powder diffraction, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, which analytical techniques can verify mutually. Meanwhile, the differences in K sp between the Mt-water interface (heterogeneous) and pure water (homogeneous phase) precipitation were quantitatively analyzed. A newly developed adsorption-precipitation model was constructed, and the concept of apparent solubility product ( K sp ') applicable to the heterogeneous systems was proposed. The Ni(OH) 2 K sp ' at the Mt-water interface (pH=7.0) decreased by 10–100 fold compared with K sp in pure water, and K sp ' increased with the continuous accumulation of Ni 2+ layer by layer on the surface of Mt until it returned to the value of the pure water system of K sp . These findings can not only explain the bias of pure water chemistry theory used in a multi-media environment but also predict whether Ni(OH) 2 precipitates at the Mt-water interface.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
地球化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2021
·
IF 6.165
Liyu Chen,Jiaxin Yang,Youjian Yang,Jiangyu Yu,Xianwei Hu,Wenju Tao,Zhaowen Wang
The fluorine salt system is a potential electrolyte for the preparation of metals and alloys from metal oxides via molten salt electrolysis. The solubility of ZrO 2 in KF–AlF 3 –Al 2 O 3 molten salts (KF/AlF 3 molar ratio = 2.1–2.8, Al 2 O 3 content = 0–9 wt%) was measured using the isothermal saturation method in this study. The influence of temperature and electrolyte composition on ZrO 2 solubility was analyzed. The dissolution mechanism of ZrO 2 was then determined based on the analysis of X–ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy results. The experimental results show that the solubility of ZrO 2 in the 2.4KF–AlF 3 molten salt at 1233 K could reach up to 6.62 wt%. Besides, the solubility of ZrO 2 increase with the increase of temperature, the decrease of KF/AlF 3 molar ratio and Al 2 O 3 content. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses show that the dissolved ZrO 2 in KF–AlF 3 molten salts existed in the form of [Zr 2 O 2 F 6 ] 2− and [ZrF 6 ] 2− complex ions under melting and cooling conditions, respectively. And the dissolution process of ZrO 2 in KF–AlF 3 molten salts can be described using a mass transfer control model.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2024
·
IF 9.7
Xiaolu Sun,Linhua Jiang,Ning Duan,Guangbin Zhu,Yanli Xu,Hao Jin,Yong Liu,Rong Zhang
Currently, domestic and foreign copper smelting waste acid mainly employ sulfuration method to realize the separation of Cu(Ⅱ) and As(Ⅲ), facing the problem of unreasonable sulfidizing agent dosage and sulfidation time. If excessive sulfidizing agent dosage or overly long sulfidation time, it will lead to human health threat and large hazardous waste volume. If insufficient sulfidizing agent dosage or overly short sulfidation time, it will cause the waste of copper resources and substandard treatment solution. In this paper, the competitive sulfuration mechanism of Cu(Ⅱ)/As(Ⅲ) solution ( C (As(Ⅲ)) = 10 g/L) with different Cu(Ⅱ) concentrations is revealed, i.e., when C (Cu(Ⅱ)) ≥7 g/L, the sulfidation sequence of Cu(Ⅱ) and As(Ⅲ) follows the solubility product constant (Ksp); when C (Cu(Ⅱ)) ≤6 g/L, the precipitation process of Cu(Ⅱ)/As(Ⅲ) is dominated by the liquid-phase mass-transfer mechanism (ion diffusion). The sulfide precipitation of Cu(Ⅱ)/As(Ⅲ) is a co-deposition process. With the increase of sulfidizing agent dosage ( S/Cu ratio) and sulfidation time ( t ), the Cu(Ⅱ) concentration gradually decreases to reach complete removal, while the further increase of S/Cu ratio and t leads to the decrease of copper content in the sulfide precipitates. Finally, the methods are demonstrated that detected accurately Cu(Ⅱ) and As(Ⅲ) concentrations in a rapid and non-destructive manner. This work not only provides a novel perspective on the efficient separation of Cu(Ⅱ)/As(Ⅲ) in copper smelting waste acid, but also opens a unique approach for direct and rapid detection of Cu(Ⅱ)/As(Ⅲ) concentration during the sulfuration process. Hence, this research is a guide for the regulating means ( S/Cu and t ) in the actual multi-step sulfuration process of copper smelting waste acid treatment and electrorefining solution purification .
研究领域:
冶金工程
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Xiaolu Sun,Linhua Jiang,Ning Duan,Liye Bao,Hao Jin,Guangbin Zhu,Yong Liu,Zhiguo Song,Rong Zhang
Currently, sulfuration is widely used for the Cu(II) recovery from copper smelting waste acids (CSWA). However, the abundant concomitant heavy metal ions (HMIs) seriously obstruct Cu(II) recovery. In this paper, we find that the precipitation difficulty of HMI sulfide is determined by solubility product constant (Ksp), H + concentration and S(−II) concentration, resulting in the diversified competitive sulfuration behaviors of concomitant HMIs on Cu(II) recovery. For concomitant HMIs without S(−II)-consuming ability, the positive-side competitive sulfuration behaviors on Cu(II) recovery are in the order of In(III) > Zn(II) > Ni(II) > Fe(II) > Mn(II). However, with the formation of concomitant HMIs sulfides, the negative-side competitive sulfuration behaviors on Cu(II) recovery are in the order of Fe(III) > As(III) > Bi(III) > Cd(II). According to the results of diffusion-growth-dissolution model, the S(−II)-combining process on HMIs surface is divided into S(−II)-capturing and S(−II)-consuming stages, related to Ksp value and HMIs precipitation, respectively. In actual CSWA, 5000 ∼ 15000 mg/L As(III) seriously inhibits the recovery efficiency of 500 ∼ 2000 mg/L Cu(II), and other concomitant HMIs (e.g., 250 ∼ 1200 mg/L Zn(II), 300 ∼ 450 mg/L Cd(II), 10 ∼ 200 mg/L Bi(III) and 20 ∼ 200 mg/L Fe(II)) will further affect Cu(II) recovery. Besides, ignoring these diversified competitive sulfurations of concomitant HMIs induces unreasonable S(−II) concentration for complete Cu(II) recovery, resulting in Cu(II) recovery issues: As(III) precipitation and Cu(II) residue. Thus, timely information in instantaneous Cu(II) concentration is a feasible strategy to accurately adjust S(−II) concentration via Cu(II) quantitative model. This work is devoted to the efficient and controllable recovery of Cu resources and the reduction of As-containing hazardous wastes in sulfuration treatment of actual CSWA.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Catalysis Science & Technology
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 19
·7273-7279
·
IF 5.287
Guozhu Chen,Qihui Xu,Yong Wang,Guolong Song,Cuncheng Li,Wei Zhao,Weiliu Fan
It is still an important issue to develop a facile, environmentally friendly way to synthesize bimetal oxide materials. In this paper, Co3O4–CeO2 core–shell catalysts were prepared by an interfacial reaction, where Co(CO3)0.35Cl0.2(OH)1.1 nanorods were dispersed in Ce3+ aqueous solution for 2 days, followed by a calcination step. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Based on the characterization and comparative experimental results, we proposed that the OH− ions slowly dissociated from the Co(CO3)0.35Cl0.2(OH)1.1 precursor combined with Ce3+ to develop into Ce(OH)3 nanoparticles because of its smaller solubility product constant than that of the Co precursor or Co(OH)2. Neither an additional precipitation agent nor stabilizing molecules were employed during the whole preparation. Raman spectroscopy and H2-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) analysis revealed that there is a synergistic effect between Co3O4 and CeO2 in the as-prepared Co3O4–CeO2 core–shell catalysts, which is responsible for their enhanced catalytic activity toward CO oxidation in comparison to pure Co3O4 and CeO2.
研究领域:
催化材料
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环境科学
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化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Applied Materials Today
·
2024
·
IF 7.2
Guangyou Shi,Qingshan Liu,Yu Huang,Yonghui Wu,Run Huang,Ling Zou,Xiaoling Liu,Jinbao Li,Jian He,Lu Yang,Xiaochao Yang
Hollowing and doping are two important technologies to improve the performance of nanoparticles. Ideally, doping the hollow nanoparticles can generate synergistic effect of these two technologies. However, this strategy is challenged by low doping content and/or loss of hollow structure. Herein, a method following Ostwald ripening pathway is developed to synthesize hollow ceria nanoparticles. Sixteen ions are selected to dope the nanoparticles with aim to find out how the Ostwald ripening is modulated by these ions. The results demonstrate that the solid nanoparticles formation and the central parts dissolution processes involved in the Ostwald ripening are highly dependent on the negative logarithm solubility product constant ( p K sp ) values of the doping ions. The low p K sp ions can not be easily incorporated into the solid nanoparticles thus their doping contents are low even they do not impair the central parts dissolution of the nanoparticles. In contrast, the high p K sp ions can be readily incorporated into the solid nanoparticles resulting in high doping contents, but these ions can delay the dissolution of the central parts leading to the formation of yolk-shell structures in the nanoparticles. The revealed mechanisms provide very useful information to construct doping platform for screening highly active hollow ceria nanoparticles.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2017
·
IF 6.065
Li Fang,Liang Li,Zan Qu,Haomiao Xu,Jianfang Xu,Naiqiang Yan
A novel method was developed and applied for the treatment of simulated wastewater containing multiple heavy metals. A sorbent of ZnS nanocrystals (NCs) was synthesized and showed extraordinary performance for the removal of Hg 2+ , Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ . The removal efficiencies of Hg 2+ , Cu 2+ , Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ were 99.9%, 99.9%, 90.8% and 66.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, it was determined that solubility product ( K sp ) of heavy metal sulfides was closely related to adsorption selectivity of various heavy metals on the sorbent. The removal efficiency of Hg 2+ was higher than that of Cd 2+ , while the K sp of HgS was lower than that of CdS. It indicated that preferential adsorption of heavy metals occurred when the K sp of the heavy metal sulfide was lower. In addition, the differences in the K sp of heavy metal sulfides allowed for the exchange of heavy metals, indicating the potential application for the sequential removal and separation of heavy metals from wastewater. According to the cumulative adsorption experimental results, multiple heavy metals were sequentially adsorbed and separated from the simulated wastewater in the order of the K sp of their sulfides. This method holds the promise of sequentially removing and separating multiple heavy metals from wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
环境工程
·
纳米材料
·
水污染控制
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2019
·
IF 5.714
Xing Cao,Weibing Wang,Rui Ma,Shichang Sun,Junhao Lin
In order to exhaustively investigate the physical and chemical mechanisms of heavy metal immobilization in sludge incineration residue (SIR)-based magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC), this work investigated the influence of Pb 2+ and Zn 2+ on the compressive strength and microstructure of SIR-based MKPC, and the efficiency of Pb and Zn immobilization. Taking the difference of Ksp (solubility product) of different heavy metal compounds as the entry point, the physical and chemical mechanisms of Pb and Zn immobilization, and the competitive mechanism between coexisting ions, were comprehensively analyzed. It was discovered that Pb 2+ is in the form Pb 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , and Zn 2+ is immobilized in the form Zn 2 (OH)PO 4 [Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 is preferentially formed, when the pH > 7, Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 is converted to Zn 2 (OH)PO 4 ]. The low solubility of heavy metal phosphates is the main reason that Pb 2+ and Zn 2+ are well immobilized. The preferential formation of Pb 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (K sp = 8 × 10 −43 ) and Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (K sp = 9.0 × 10 −33 ) reduced the amount of MgKPO 4 ·6H 2 O (K sp = 2.4 × 10 −11 ), resulting in a decrease in compressive strength. Besides, coexisting Pb 2+ and Zn 2+ has a competitive effect: Pb 2+ will weaken the immobilization efficiency of Zn 2+ . The new exploration of these mechanisms provide a theoretical basis for rationally adjusting the Magnesia/Phosphate ratio to enhance the compressive strength and improve the efficiency of heavy metals immobilization.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）