JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
·
2020
·
IF 2.485
Yi-Chuan Liu,Ya-Lan Liu,Lin Wang,Yu-Ke Zhong,Mei Li,Wei Han,Yuan Zhao,Tong Zhou,Qing Zou,Xian Zeng,Wei-Qun Shi
As a typical uranium oxide , the electrochemical behaviors of U 3 O 8 in molten salt have attracted many research endeavors, but its dissolution behavior and related mechanism in molten salt has been less well understood. In this work, we reported the dissolution of U 3 O 8 in LiCl-KCl eutectic with the assistance of NH 4 Cl, which has potential significance for the pyrochemical reprocessing of spent oxide fuels. The spectroscopic techniques such as fluorescence emission spectroscopy, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy , and X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) were used to determine the chemical species during the dissolution process of U 3 O 8 . The results show that U 3 O 8 can be completely dissolved in molten salt under the air atmosphere, and it exists in the form of [UO 2 Cl 4 ] 2− . In contrast, under an argon atmosphere , the soluble [UO 2 Cl 4 ] 3− and insoluble UO 2 were detected as the main products.
研究领域:
化学
·
核能工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2021
·
IF 6.165
Liyu Chen,Jiaxin Yang,Youjian Yang,Jiangyu Yu,Xianwei Hu,Wenju Tao,Zhaowen Wang
The fluorine salt system is a potential electrolyte for the preparation of metals and alloys from metal oxides via molten salt electrolysis. The solubility of ZrO 2 in KF–AlF 3 –Al 2 O 3 molten salts (KF/AlF 3 molar ratio = 2.1–2.8, Al 2 O 3 content = 0–9 wt%) was measured using the isothermal saturation method in this study. The influence of temperature and electrolyte composition on ZrO 2 solubility was analyzed. The dissolution mechanism of ZrO 2 was then determined based on the analysis of X–ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy results. The experimental results show that the solubility of ZrO 2 in the 2.4KF–AlF 3 molten salt at 1233 K could reach up to 6.62 wt%. Besides, the solubility of ZrO 2 increase with the increase of temperature, the decrease of KF/AlF 3 molar ratio and Al 2 O 3 content. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses show that the dissolved ZrO 2 in KF–AlF 3 molten salts existed in the form of [Zr 2 O 2 F 6 ] 2− and [ZrF 6 ] 2− complex ions under melting and cooling conditions, respectively. And the dissolution process of ZrO 2 in KF–AlF 3 molten salts can be described using a mass transfer control model.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
TRANSACTIONS OF NONFERROUS METALS SOCIETY OF CHINA
·
2016
·
IF 1.34
Xi-yun YANG,Hai-qiang HUANG,Sheng-hai YANG
Anodic dissolution behavior of zirconium in Bu n 4 NBr-contaning isopropanol solution was investigated using cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry, complemented with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The voltammograms did not exhibit active dissolution until the breakdown of passive layer induced by aggressive bromide anions. SEM images confirmed the existence of pits on zirconium surface. The depth and breadth of pits were intensified with increasing potential. The pitting potential shifted negatively as either temperature or Bu n 4 NBr concentration was increased, while it increased with increasing scan rate. The corrosion current density increased with increasing temperature. The apparent activation energy of anodic dissolution of zirconium was 21.88 kJ/mol. The chronoamperometry revealed that increasing Bu n 4 NBr concentration shortened the incubation time for passivity breakdown and accelerated the pit nucleation and growth. The experimental results were helpful to obtain the optimum conditions for electrosynthesis of zirconium isopropoxide.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2025
·
IF 5.2
Yixuan Wang,Zhenmin Cheng,Quanjie Liu,Chao Yang,Liming Jia,Chen Yang,Hongxin Bai
Anthracene is characterized by its unique electronic and organic properties as the cornerstone for various applications. Particularly in the synthesis of anthraquinone derivatives, anthracene serves as the key raw materials in the alkylation and oxidation, acting as the hydrogen carrier for hydrogen peroxide production via AO process. However, inadequate knowledge about its dissolution behavior in solvents has been one of the main limitations for its purification and practical applications, commonly resulting in its unsatisfactory commercial products and thus leads to insufficient efficiency of chemical synthesis. In this study, the solubility behavior of anthracene in various solvents was specifically investigated by the synthetic method at temperatures ranging from 304.15 to 338.15 K under atmospheric pressure. To facilitate decent solvent s screening, aromatics such as benzene and its derivatives were specifically exploited as the working solution components in this work. The experimental solubility values and their corresponding activity coefficient of anthracene were analyzed and correlated on the basis of modified Apelblat and λ-h models. Furthermore, thermodynamic analysis, including the changes of enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs free energy, was subsequently conducted using the modified Van’t Hoff equation. As a result, the dissolution of anthracene is an endothermic and entropy-driven process in studied solvents, among which chlorobenzene seems to be the most actively interactive with anthracene and thus results to the best dissolving capacity for anthracene.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
物理化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2024
·
IF 8.2
Siwei Guo,Huili Zeng,Xiaomin Zhu,Lin Liu,Baoliang Chen,Xin Xiao
Silicon within Si-rich biochars (sichar) plays a crucial role in immobilizing heavy metals and providing slow-releasing bioavailable silicon for silicophilic plants. However, the impact of heating rate on the silicon properties and carbon‑silicon interactions in sichars remains unclear. In this study, rice husk was used as a silicon-rich biomass to prepare sichars at different heating rates (10, 30 and 60 °C per minute, and ultra-fast-pyrolysis), then experiments such as silicon concentration measurement, Raman and XRD characterization were conducted. The results showed that a faster heating rate reduced the carbon content during pyrolysis while promoted the formation of amorphous silica, resulting in a threefold increase in dissolved silicon in sichars prepared at 400 °C. Additionally, we observed the formation of a meta-stable SiO 2 polymorph (tridymite) in rice husk-derived biochars under fast heating, differing from the previously observed quartz generated at slow heating rates. Regarding the C Si relationship, a faster heating rate facilitated the removal of the surface carbon layer, exposing the underlying silicon layer. This led to more soluble silicon species and less encapsulated silicon, resulting in a continuous release and cumulative silicon dissolution amount 1.2 times and 1.6–1.9 times higher, respectively, than those in slow heating rate-derived sichars. Consequently, this enhanced silicon uptake in rice seedlings. Our findings indicate that beyond pyrolysis temperature, the heating rate significantly affects the silicon species, silicon dissolution behavior, and carbon‑silicon relationships of biochar, ultimately determines the properties and applications of sichars.
研究领域:
植物学
·
环境科学
·
土壤学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 7.312
Shaolong Li,Yusi Che,Jianxun Song,Yongchun Shu,Jilin He,Baoqiang Xu,Bin Yang
A single phase zirconium oxycarbonitride was prepared through a carbothermal reduction route at 1600 °C in nitrogen atmosphere using ZrO 2 and graphite powder as raw materials. The hot-pressed zirconium oxycarbonitride block has good stability in the NaCl-KCl melt. The anodic dissolution behavior of zirconium oxycarbonitride and the reduction mechanism of zirconium ion in NaCl-KCl melt were studied by linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry. The results show that zirconium in the anode is oxidized to Zr 2+ ions and dissolved in the molten salt. The zirconium ions diffuse to the cathode and are reduced to zirconium metal by transferring two electrons in one step. Potentiostatic electrolysis at −2.9 V was performed between a Mo rod cathode and ZrC x O y N z anode. The cathode product was detected to be zirconium metal, which indicated that zirconium oxycarbonitride was a suitable consumable anode for the electrolytic preparation of zirconium metal.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Mengjiao Jiao,Guishang Pei,Lilian Yang,Zhuoyang Li,Qiyuan Mi,Xuewei Lv
In the sodium-assisted smelting process of vanadium-titanium-magnetite (VTM), titanium oxide is hydrothermally separated by sulfuric acid solution leaching. Therefore, it is essential to study the dissolution behavior and mechanism of sodium titanates in sulfuric acid solution. High-purity Na 8 Ti 5 O 14 , Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 , and Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 samples were synthesized via solid-phase chemical reaction, and their solubilities of sodium titanates in 100 mL of 98 wt% sulfuric acid solution were determined. Na 8 Ti 5 O 14 , Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 , and Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 crystallize in the triclinic (space Group P -1), monoclinic (space Group P 2 1 / m ), and monoclinic (space Group C 2/ m ) system, respectively. The dissolution rate of sodium titanates in 98 wt% sulfuric acid solution increased significantly with rising reaction temperature. Among the sodium titanates studied, Na 8 Ti 5 O 14 showed the highest dissolution rate, followed by Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 and Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 . Kinetic analysis indicated that the dissolution behavior of sodium titanates in sulfuric acid was all governed by chemical reactions. The apparent activation energies of the dissolution reactions of Na 8 Ti 5 O 14 , Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 , and Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 with sulfuric acid were derived to be 49.48 kJ/mol, 53 kJ/mol, and 67.41 kJ/mol, respectively. The solubilities of Na 8 Ti 5 O 14 , Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 , and Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 in 100 mL of 98 wt% concentrated sulfuric acid at 20 ℃ were determined to be 18.6077 g, 7.3297 g, and 3.9948 g, respectively. Additionally, the dissolution rates and solubilities of sodium titanates and other impurities, such as aluminate and silicate, were compared, demonstrating the effectiveness of separation in sulfuric acid solution following the sodium-assisted smelting process of VTM. In this study, it is suggested that the separation of titanium oxide from other impurities during the sulfuric acid leaching of titanium-containing slag can be accomplished based on the varying solubilities of the phases.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2024
·
IF 5.3
Huixiang Zhang,Yang Zhang,Fumin Xue,Hui Chen,Zhenguo Gao,Shichao Du,Yan Wang
Valsartan is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist used to treat hypertension. Crystals of valsartan were prepared and the stability of the valsartan (form E) at different solvents and temperatures was investigated. The solid-liquid equilibrium solubility of valsartan (form E) in twelve pure solvents was determined by a dynamic method at the temperature from 278.15 K to 323.15 K. Among the solvents used in the experiment, the solubility of valsartan (form E) was found to be highest in methanol and lowest in acetonitrile. In straight-chain alcohols, the solubility decreases with the increase of carbon chain length. The modified Apelblat model, λh model and NRTL model were used to correlate the solubility data. The thermodynamic properties of the mixing process such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy were estimated by applying the NRTL model. The KAT-LSER model was adopted to explore solvent effects. Hirshfeld surface analysis and molecular electrostatic potential (ESP) were employed to visualize close contacts and charge distribution of valsartan and solvents. In addition, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed to calculate intermolecular interactions between solute and solvent. Radial distribution function (RDF) and the mean square displacement (MSD) analyses were also carried out to explore molecular association and molecular diffusion.
研究领域:
药学
·
物理化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2024
·
IF 9.7
Man Zhang,Bingyan An,Kejing Wu,Jinming Zhang,Jinfeng Wang,Qingtao Liu,Yongming Cui,Houfang Lu
Lignin, as an abundant natural aromatic biopolymer , has a complex structure and poor solubility in most solvents, making it difficult to achieve high-value applications and becoming the largest “natural waste". In this work, two novel ternary deep eutectic solvents (DESs) consisting of choline chloride (ChCl)/lactic acid (LA) with ethylene glycol (EG) or γ-valerolactone (GVL) were designed for separating lignin from waste wheat straw. Results showed that the delignification efficiency of wheat straw treated with two ternary DESs (ChCl-LA-EG and ChCl-LA-GVL) was twice as high as that treated with ChCl-LA under mild conditions (90 °C, 4 h). The highest delignification efficiency of 83.12% was achieved by ChCl-LA-GVL treatment at 130 °C for 4 h. Moreover, ternary DESs extracted lignin exhibited lower molecular weight , better homogeneity, and remarkably higher antioxidant activities than that extracted from ChCl-LA. Furthermore, ternary DESs extracted lignin had more S units and inhibited the destruction of the lignin substructure at high temperature. Compared with ChCl-LA treatment, cellulose fiber treated with ChCl-LA-EG and ChCl-LA-GVL had less active sites, lower total surface energy, and more alkaline (electron donor) adsorption sites on cellulose fiber surface. Theory calculations further confirm that the addition of EG and GVL changes the hydrogen bond strength and electrostatic potential of the ChCl-LA system, thus promoting the separation of lignin. These results provide new insights for understanding the mechanism of lignin dissolution in DESs and for the design of advanced DESs for lignocellulosic biomass separation and valorization.
研究领域:
生物质化学
·
绿色化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2020
·
IF 8.758
Su Ding,Zhi Jiang,Fei Chen,Li Fu,Yanfei Lv,Yahui Qian,Shichao Zhao
Transient conductors are one of the most important components in transient electronics, which attract great attention because of their environment-friendly and biocompatible characters. To meet the requirement for wearable electronics, good stretchability and mechanical durability are needed for the transient conductors. However, it remains challenging to achieve stretchability and transient behavior simultaneously because of a lack of the proper elastomer. Herein, we demonstrate the first highly stretchable and transient conductor from a composite material of Ag flakes and gelatin hydrogel. It shows a maximum stretchability of more than 100% with minimal resistance increase and a good cyclic durability of 1000 cycles of deformation at 20%. The above mentioned good mechanical properties come from the rational design of the conductor with a seamless interface between the hydrogel and Ag flakes. When the conductor is immersed in water at 60 °C, it can be quickly dissolved within 90 s, and the transient behavior can be controlled by tuning the content of the hydrogel in the conductors and dissolving temperature. These properties make the conductor a good wiring candidate for stretchable and transient electronics.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电子工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
·
2019
·
IF 4.561
Hongxin Bai,Xiangchen Fang,Chong Peng,Quanjie Liu,Weibin Xie,Liming Jia,Zhaoyang Song
Alkylated anthraquinone is widely used as promising redox-active materials for both redox flow batteries technology and hydrogen peroxide production via anthraquinone oxidation (AO) process, yet its inadequate solubility in solvents has been the one of the main limitations resulting to insufficient energy density of working solution. In present study, solubility of 2-ethylanthraquinone was specifically investigated by the synthetic method at the temperature range from 304.15 to 344.15 K under the pressure of 101.325 kPa. In support for decent working solution exploit, various types of solvents were specifically selected as the working solution constituent in this work. Solubility data and activity coefficient of 2-ethylanthraquinone were correlated by modified Apelblat and λ-h models. Furthermore, thermodynamic analysis was subsequently performed based on the thermodynamic fitting results. As a result, dissolution process of 2-ethylanthraquinone is endothermic and entropy-driven in these neat solvents, higher dissolution temperature leads to smaller value of partial molar excess Gibbs free energy and therefore results to a greater solubility.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
·
2018
·Vol. 135
·期 6
·3363-3373
·
IF 2.209
Zhang Shijie,Zhang Jiaoqiang,Kou Kaichang,Jia Qian,Xu Yunlong,Zerraza Sofiane,Liu Ning,Hu Rongzu
2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexazisowurtzitane (HNIW)·1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (HMX) co-crystal in a 2:1 molar ratio was prepared by a solvent/non-solvent method, and the co-crystal has been characterized by several methods. The enthalpies of dissolution of 2HNIW·HMX co-crystal in N,N -dimethylformamide at different temperatures were measured by a DC08-1 Calvet microcalorimeter under standard atmospheric pressure, and it is indicated that the dissolutions are exothermic process. The empirical formulae for the calculation of the molar enthalpy ( \(\Delta_{\text{diss}} H\) ) of dissolution, relative partial molar enthalpy ( \(\Delta_{\text{diss}} H_{\text{partial}}\) ), relative apparent molar enthalpy ( \(\Delta_{\text{diss}} H_{\text{apparent}}\) ), and enthalpy of dilution ( \(\Delta_{\text{dil}} H_{1,2}\) ) at 298.15 K are obtained. The differential enthalpies ( \(\Delta_{\text{dif}} H\) ) and kinetic equations describing the dissolution process at different temperatures are deduced. Furthermore, the apparent activation energy E = 10.54 ± 0.22 kJ mol -1 and pre-exponential constant A = 0.34 ± 0.03 s −1 of 2HNIW·HMX co-crystal are obtained. The standard molar Gibbs free energy of activation ( \(\Delta G_{ \ne }^{\theta }\) ) at different temperatures is 86.44 ± 0.02 kJ mol −1 (298.15 K), 88.02 ± 0.03 kJ mol −1 (303.15 K), 89.61 ± 0.01 kJ mol −1 (308.15 K), 91.18 ± 0.01 kJ mol −1 (313.15 K), and 92.75 ± 0.02 kJ mol −1 (318.15 K), respectively. The standard molar entropy of activation ( \(\Delta S_{ \ne }^{\theta }\) ) and standard molar enthalpy of activation ( \(\Delta H_{ \ne }^{\theta }\) ) are − 262.55 ± 0.72 J mol −1 K −1 and 7.98 ± 0.22 kJ mol −1 , respectively.
研究领域:
物理化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）