Sisi Ma,Ligang Lin,Qi Wang,Yuhui Zhang,Honglei Zhang,Yixin Gao,Lin Xu,Fusheng Pan,Yuzhong Zhang
A three-dimensional (3D) strategy for the fabrication of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVAL) membranes with a dynamic surface was developed based on sliding supramolecular polymer brushes (SSPBs). The SSPBs with a 3D hydrophilic structure were introduced into the alkyne–EVAL membrane matrix via an azide–alkyne click coupling reaction. The self-mobile hydrophilic slide-rings in the SSPB provided a proactive exclusion system. This resulted in reduced direct contact of the membrane surface with multiple pollutants such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) and oil droplets. The EVAL-SSPB membrane demonstrated increased surface hydrophilicity, underwater oleophobicity, and antifouling properties. More importantly, the abundant hydrophilic rings in the membrane matrix result in supramolecular assembly and efficient hydrophilic sliding channels. This resulted in a dramatic increase in the water flux [2000 L/(m2 h)] while retaining a 96% rejection of BSA and oil/water emulsions. The results of the study indicate that three effects of the cyclodextrins rings, i.e., the hydrophilic effect, the exclusion effect, and the sliding effect, enabled the improved membrane performance. The demonstrated 3D fabrication strategy is versatile, facile, and scalable, which allows for its application to various other membranes. The fabricated materials possess excellent permeability and separation efficiencies, which make them attractive candidates for use as separation membranes with novel functions.
High sensing performance and compact, flexible strain sensor elements are essential for high-density sensor arrays. However, bulk cracks often propagate within the crack-based sensing unit, hindering miniaturization and high-density integration. Herein, we introduce a crack modulation strategy. With this strategy, the layered MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T x ) nanosheets were covalently crosslinked via polyrotaxane. The sliding of movable cyclodextrin molecules along the poly (ethylene glycol) main chain effectively reduce stress concentration and dissipate more energy under stretching, thus inhibiting the extension of cracks and reducing the size of the sensing unit. The strain sensor with a width of 1 mm exhibits high sensitivity (gauge factor of approximately 2527), high stretchability of approximately 40 % strain, low detection limit of 0.001 % strain, and good stability (10 % strain for 1000 cycles). Given this high performance sensing unit and facile fabricating process, a fully printed stretchable sensor array with a device density of 36 sensors per cm 2 is constructed. To confirm the practical applicability of the sensors, we develop a multichannel pulse sensing system for pulse mapping with high spatiotemporal resolution.
Sisi Ma,Yingbo Zhang,Linlin Du,Mingwen Wang,Wenying Shi,Hongbin Li
Inspired by soft coral’s self-cleaning properties, a polyrotaxane-based membrane (EVOH-PR) with sliding α-cyclodextrin rings was designed to enhance flux and antifouling performance. The sliding-ring structure, synthesized via click chemistry, mimics coral’s dynamic motion to induce hydration layers and steric hindrance. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the dynamic behavior of PR and the dynamic antifouling mechanism. The EVOH-PR membrane achieved a high flux recovery rate (95.1%), low flux decline rate (7.54%), and maximum flux (720 L/(m2·h)). Stability tests showed unchanged hydrophilicity and separation efficiency after multiple cycles. Synergy between movable rings, hydration layers, and steric hindrance enabled dynamic antifouling. This work provides a proactive dynamic antifouling strategy through coral-inspired molecular motion.
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