Forensic Toxicology
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2018
·Vol. 36
·期 2
·233-242
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IF 3.924
Katselou Maria,Papoutsis Ioannis,Nikolaou Panagiota,Misailidi Nektaria,Spiliopoulou Chara,Athanaselis Sotiris
Purpose Diphenidine is a potent synthetic dissociative anesthetic drug that has recently emerged in drug markets of Europe, Japan and America. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about this drug concerning its chemistry, synthesis, prevalence, pharmacology, toxicology and metabolism, as well as its legal status. Analytical methodologies developed for the determination of diphenidine in biological specimens and published diphenidine-related intoxications, fatal or not, are also presented. Methods All the reviewed information was gathered through a detailed search of PubMed and the World Wide Web using proper keywords. Results Diphenidine is not approved for medical or veterinary use, but it is used illicitly around the world for recreational purposes or as a substitute of other controlled dissociative drugs. It is available through the Internet in powder form for oral administration, smoking or vaporization. Since its first appearance in the drug market in 2013, seizures have been reported worldwide and its abuse has already caused intoxications and deaths in Europe and Japan, thus leading to its scheduling in the United Kingdom and Canada during the second semester of 2016. Conclusions Diphenidine is a harmful dissociative drug that recently gained serious concern for public health. International and local authorities should take all the appropriate actions and measures to avoid the expansion of this new threat.
研究领域:
药理学
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毒理学
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公共卫生
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DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2020
·Vol. 44
·期 36
·15350-15353
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IF 3.288
Mei Gao,Chaofan Lian,Rang Xing,Jie Wang,Xuefei Wang,Zhiyuan Tian
The optimal storage temperature for vaccines ranges from 2 °C to 8 °C. Electronic thermometers can provide real-time and remote temperature monitoring but are not applicable for individual packages. However, it is known that few alkanes have melting points in this range. The photo-induced conversion of colorless spiropyran to blue merocyanine can be thermally reversed, resulting in decoloration. By dispersing spiropyran in a mixture of n-tetradecane and n-pentadecane with the melting point of 8 °C, an accurate and low-cost thermochromism indicator to record temperature abuse has been designed. The results showed that the thin label based on this system has taken a permanent decoloration within 10 min of the temperature exceeding 8 °C.
研究领域:
生物化学
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制药工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nature Communications
·
2023
·Vol. 14
·期 1
·1-12
·
IF 16.6
Zhu Guo-Rui,Zhang Qin,Liu Qing-Song,Bai Qi-Yao,Quan Yi-Zhou,Gao You,Wu Gang,Wang Yu-Zhong
As a replacement for highly flammable and volatile organic liquid electrolyte, solid polymer electrolyte shows attractive practical prospect in high-energy lithium metal batteries. However, unsatisfied interface performance and ionic conductivities are two critical challenges. A common strategy involves introducing organic solvents or plasticizers, but this violates the original intention of security design. Here, an electrolyte concept called liquid polymer electrolyte without any small molecular solvents is proposed for safe and high-performance batteries, based on the design of a room-temperature liquid-state brush-like polymer as the sole solvent of lithium salts. This liquid polymer electrolyte is non-flammable and exhibits high ionic conductivity (1.09 \(\times\) 10 −4 S cm −1 at 25 °C), significant lithium dendrite suppression, and stable long-term cycling over a wide operating temperature range ( ≥ 1000 cycles at 60 °C and 90 °C). Moreover, the pouch cell can resist thermal abuse, vacuum environment, and mechanical abuse. This electrolyte and design strategy are expected to provide enlightening ideas for the development of safe and high-performance polymer electrolytes.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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能源存储
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2023
·
IF 5.9
Xiaowen Li,Dongdong Ye,Zhongrun Xiang,Huai Wang,Huiqing Wang,Yun Lu,Risheng Yao
Biocompatible cellulose has been used as a pharmaceutical excipient for several decades. However, there are still shortcomings, such as low drug loading, slow disintegration, and easy drug extraction. Herein, we describe a novel process for manufacturing cellulose nanomesh (CNM), a new structured nanocellulose with a high surface area of 98.37 m 2 g −1 and a high yield above 88%. This process combines mild acid vapor with a dilute enzymatic hydrolysis preparation method. The unique nanomesh structure clearly demonstrates benefits as superior drug carriers, including a high drug loading rate (>81.2%), miniaturizing volume, ultrafast disintegration time (<7 s), long-term sustained release (22 h), and also a strong drug-abuse deterrent effect. Our work suggests that the CNM produces great potential as a promising multi-functional drug carrier to realize tablet miniaturization, drug abuse-deterrent, and drug slow and controlled release.
研究领域:
制药工程
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材料科学
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生物医学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 4.9
Linzhou Chen,Jiedan Zhou,Yuesen shi,Fei Xu,Xin Liu,Qingda Huang,Jinjian Zhong,Ke Wu,Dafeng Yang,Huajun Fan,Xiangliang Yang
Collecting exhaled breath aerosols (EBA) as a sample has a great potential to monitoring illicit drug abuse due to advantages of simple, non-invasiveness and unrestricted sampling. However, scarcity of positive samples has cramped development of more efficient techniques for monitoring illicit drug abuse in EBA. In this work, a simulated human exhaled breath aerosol (SHEBA) generating device based on Venturi jet principle was constructed by integrating nebulizing unit and collection unit to prepare positive EBAs. By means of ultra high-performance hyphenated with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-TQ-MS/MS), using caffeine as a target drug, the device parameters were investigated by studying the effects of flow rates of nebulizing and auxiliary gases, drug concentration and etc., the performance was further validated by commonly abused drugs such as amphetamines (AMP, MAMP, MDA and MDMA). Electret material as adsorbent was used to collect SHEBAs generated by the device, achieving HPLC-TQ-MS/MS detection of the captured drugs at 40.0–2000.0 pg/filter. By this way, caffeine content in EBAs from six volunteers was successfully detected in the range of 51.6 ± 6.8–708 ± 51 pg/filter after drinking the caffeinated beverage. These validation experiments proved that SHEBA generating device could not only meet to the requirement of EBA analysis for illicit drug abuse at trace levels, but also provide the correction factors to calibrate the lower detection value caused by incomplete material adsorption.
研究领域:
分析化学
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毒理学
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医学检测
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Analytical Methods
·
2023
·Vol. 15
·期 21
·2693-2699
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IF 3.1
Jianghua Chen,Yuanshuai Zang,Mengyi Chen,Chen Shi,Manlei Zhang,Bin Di,Cheng Jiang
As the dangers of cannabis abuse draw attention worldwide, it is necessary to assess the level of consumption in the community. The analysis of 11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) excreted in wastewater can provide information for a defined catchment area. Due to its hydrophobic nature and absence of ionizable groups, its detection is challenging. In this study, a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the quantitative determination of THC-COOH in urban wastewater. The derivatization reagent 6-methylpyridine-3-sulfonyl chloride (MPS) with analyte-specific fragmentation was proven to be the most effective for improving sensitivity. Samples were extracted by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and satisfactory recovery was achieved (>79%) by adding acetonitrile to the samples for ultrasonic-assisted extraction before filtration. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.03 ng L−1 and 0.1 ng L−1, respectively, from a 40 mL sample. The established methodology was applied to profile the presence of THC-COOH in influent wastewater samples. It was shown that 20 out of the 252 samples contained THC-COOH and the concentrations were all below 1 ng L−1.
研究领域:
环境科学
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分析化学
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毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
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2019
·
IF 5.155
Rui Gao,Xiaoli Cheng,Shan Gao,Xianfa Zhang,Yingming Xu,Hui Zhao,Lihua Huo
It is very necessary to quickly and selectively detect the abused drugs in real time, because of their bad influence on the central nervous system. So ZnO nanorod bundles were prepared by simple hydrothermal reaction combined with calcination in this paper, which were assembled into thick film gas sensor to detect three analogs of drugs. Such ZnO nanorod bundles gas sensor exhibited not only good gas response and selectivity , but also good reproducibility and stability to the saturated vapors of three kinds of drugs (C 10 H 15 NO, C 9 H 13 NO, C 8 H 9 NO 2 ) at 252 °C. The excellent gas response can be ascribed to its rough surface and the large number of holes formed by nanorod bundles accumulation, which are conducive to diffusion , adsorption and desorption of gas molecules on ZnO nanorods. The reaction mechanism was further analyzed and discussed by XPS.
研究领域:
材料科学
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分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Energy Storage Materials
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2023
·
IF 20.4
Borui Yang,Yu Pan,Ting Li,Anjun Hu,Kun Li,Bin Li,Liu Yang,Jianping Long
Lithium metal anodes coupled with nickel-rich cathodes promise high-energy-density batteries . Nonetheless, the overall safety of lithium metal batteries is compromised by the use of conventional thermally unstable and flammable carbonate-based electrolytes, which hinders their practical applications, especially under abuse conditions. Herein, a flame-retardant perfluorinated gel polymer electrolyte (PFGPE) is developed by in situ copolymerization of perfluorobutyl acrylate (PFBA) monomer with pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PETEA) crosslinker. PFBA decomposes at high temperatures to generate fluorine radicals that eliminate hydrogen and hydroxyl radical chain combustion reactions in the gas phase, reducing the combustion risk of electrolytes. Additionally, the co-pyrolysis of the carbonate-based electrolytes and the copolymerization matrix produces a P- and F- containing char layer in the condensed phase, blocking the heat and oxygen required for combustion. A large-format PFGPE modified Li metal pouch cell (4.4 Ah, 381 Wh kg −1 ) achieves 120 cycles with 83.4% of capacity retention under a lean electrolyte of 3 g Ah −1 and a negative/positive capacity ratio of 1.82. Moreover, the modified pouch cell exhibits enhanced thermal safety characteristics and passes international standard tests (GB/T 31485–2015) for mechanical nail penetration and thermal abuse. This innovative approach represents a significant milestone towards the advancement of high-safety Li metal batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
·
2015
·
IF 2.729
Meiling Zhang,Congcong Wen,Yuan Zhang,Fa Sun,Shuanghu Wang,Jianshe Ma,Kezhi Lin,Xianqin Wang,Guanyang Lin,Lufeng Hu
This study aims to evaluate the effect of ketamine on rats by examining the differences in serum metabolites between ketamine abuse group (Ket-group) and control group (Con-group). Compared to the Con-group, the level of phosphate, propanoic acid, ribitol and d -fructose of the Ket-group increased after continuous intraperitoneal administration of ketamine for 7 days, while the level of alanine, glycine, butanoic acid, valine, l -serine, l -proline, mannonic acid, octadecanoic acid and cholesterol decreased. After 14 days’ administration, the level of alanine, butanoic acid, valine, l -leucine, phosphate, l -serine, l -threonine, propanetricarboxylic acid, hexadecanoic acid and oleic acid of the ketamine group increased while the level of mannonic acid, octadecanoic acid and cholesterol decreased. After stopping ketamine administration for 2 days, the level of butanoic acid, phosphate, aminomalonic acid, gluconic acid, hexadecanoic acid, oleic acid and arachidonic acid of Ket-group increased, while the level of glycine, l -lysine and cholesterol decreased. This study can provide invaluable information for the metabolites changes due to ketamine abuse.
研究领域:
毒理学
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分析化学
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代谢研究
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·
IF 9.231
Shaochi Wang,Han Wang,Ting Du,Tong Bu,Jingke Xu,Sijie Liu,Xuechi Yin,Yao Wang,Daohong Zhang,Jing Sun,Jianlong Wang
Antibiotic abuse has caused serious health risks for human beings for long. To address the problem, novel and facile detection techniques are highly desired. Here, an effective multiplex immunochromatographic platform (MICP) with synthesis-free and cost-effective merits is established for simultaneous detection of antibiotics on a single immunochromatographic assay (ICA) strip. Adopting crystal violet (CV) as a signal tag for multiplex ICA allows for direct coupling with multiple antibodies in several minutes. By combining CV and ICA perfectly, this convenient strategy offers improvements in convenience, speed, flexibility, and portability, eventually ensuring the optimized effectiveness of this approach. As a result, the established platform is successfully used to detect streptomycin (STR) and chloramphenicol (CAP) with visual detection mode, and the obtained total recoveries of milk and honey real samples changed from 83.82 to 113.38% with total RSD values of 0.48 to 4.15%.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
食品安全检测
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Scientific Reports
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 1
·1-12
·
IF 3.8
Wang Tao,Zheng Qian,Yang Qian,Guo Fang,Cui Haiyan,Hu Meng,Zhang Chao,Chen Zhe,Fu Shanlin,Guo Zhongyuan,Wei Zhiwen,Yun Keming
Ketamine has recently become an anesthetic drug used in human and veterinary clinical medicine for illicit abuse worldwide, but the detection of illicit abuse and inference of time intervals following ketamine abuse are challenging issues in forensic toxicological investigations. Here, we developed methods to estimate time intervals since ketamine use is based on significant metabolite changes in rat serum over time after a single intraperitoneal injection of ketamine, and global metabolomics was quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF–MS). Thirty-five rats were treated with saline (control) or ketamine at 3 doses (30, 60, and 90 mg/kg), and the serum was collected at 21 time points (0 h to 29 d). Time-dependent rather than dose-dependent features were observed. Thirty-nine potential biomarkers were identified, including ketamine and its metabolites, lipids, serotonin and other molecules, which were used for building a random forest model to estimate time intervals up to 29 days after ketamine treatment. The accuracy of the model was 85.37% in the cross-validation set and 58.33% in the validation set. This study provides further understanding of the time-dependent changes in metabolites induced by ketamine abuse.
研究领域:
毒理学
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分析化学
·
机器学习
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2023
·
IF 9.5
Baoxuan Huang,Chen Zhang,Jia Tian,Qiwei Tian,Gang Huang,Weian Zhang
The long-standing misuse of antibiotics has accelerated the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, which gives rise to an urgent public health threat. Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), as a burgeoning and promising antibacterial strategy, plays an essential role in avoiding the evolution of drug-resistant microbes. However, it is hard for conventional photosensitizers to achieve satisfactory antibacterial efficacy because of the complex bacterial infectious microenvironment (BIME). Herein, a cascade BIME-triggered near-infrared cyanine (HA-CY) nanoplatform has been developed via conjugating cyanine units to biocompatible hyaluronic acid (HA) for enhanced aPDT efficacy. The HA-CY nanoparticles can be dissociated under the overexpressed hyaluronidase in BIME to release a cyanine photosensitizer. Meanwhile, cyanine can be protonated under acidic BIME, where protonated cyanine can efficiently adhere to the surface of a negatively charged bacterial membrane and increase singlet oxygen production due to intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). Experiments in the cellular level and animal model proved that the BIME-triggered activation of aPDT could remarkably boost aPDT efficacy. Overall, this BIME-triggered HA-CY nanoplatform presents great promise for overcoming the dilemma of drug-resistant microbes.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
·
微生物学
·
纳米医学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）