Applied Sciences-Basel
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 21
·11202
·
IF 2.838
Jie Yang,Zhibo Zhou,Tianji Lu,Ling Shen
The present work reports the identification of inorganic and organic materials applied in gildings of Kizil Grottoes mural paintings, located in the western part of China. A total of 10 gold gilding samples were collected from caves dated in the fourth–seventh century AD. In this research, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), UV fluorescence microscopy, and pyrolysis gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) analyses were carried out to clarify the mordant materials and the coating materials on the foils. This research reports some new finds of the gilding technique in Kizil grottoes, such as oil and lac resin being used as mordant to provide a binding medium for gold gilding, gold powder probably being used as pigment, and some organic dyes being well preserved under gold foil. These interesting findings not only provide scientific evidence for us to understand the materials and techniques of gold gildings on Kizil Grottoes murals, but also illustrate material trade and technique exchanges along the Silk Road in the past.Keywords:gilding;lac resin;organic materials;Kizil Grottoes
研究领域:
考古学
·
材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2019
·
IF 4.784
Sidra Naseer,Jie Ouyang,Xing Chen,Shujin Pu,Yanting Guo,Xuan Zhang,Dali Li,Chengli Yang
Nanoparticles have been successfully used for immobilization of different enzymes . The enzyme immobilized by nanomaterials has promising application in the biotechnological industry. The β-glucosidase is very important in industrial field. The immobilization of β-glucosidase by nanomaterials increases its activity and reusability. In this work, the β-glucosidase was extracted from fruiting bodies of Agrocybe aegirit and was purified by anion exchange . The β-glucosidase was immobilized by SiO 2 nanoparticles (nano-SiO 2 ) crosslink with glutaraldehyde (GA). On the other hand, the β-glucosidase firstly immobilized by process adsorption and then crosslink with genipin (GP) which was produced by the hydrolysis of geniposide by β-glucosidase. Then we compared the properties of both immobilized GA-crosslinked β-glucosidase and GP-crosslinked β-glucosidase, their immobilization yields were 83.34% and 96.29% respectively. The GA-crosslinked β-glucosidase and free β-glucosidase revealed optimal pH at 6.0. The optimal pH of GP-crosslinked β-glucosidase was ranging between 4.5 and 7.5. The GA-crosslinked β-glucosidase and GP-crosslinked β-glucosidase revealed the optimal temperature at 50 °C, 70 °C respectively. For the free β-glucosidase, the optimal temperature was 55 °C. Furthermore, the GA-crosslinked β-glucosidase and GP-crosslinked β-glucosidase were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The geniposide consumption in the reaction system of GA-crosslinked β-glucosidase was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
研究领域:
生物技术
·
酶学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PHYTOCHEMISTRY
·
2023
·
IF 3.8
Miao Ye,Lingjie Ruan,Lina Huang,Haiyin Zheng,Wen Xu,Wei Xu,Lixia Chen,Hua Li
In the ongoing quest to discover previously unreported lead compounds that provide protection against heart failure (HF), ten formerly undescribed ( 1 – 10 ) and nine known ( 11 – 19 ) triterpenoids were obtained from the roots of Rhus chinensis Mill. The isolated triterpenoids exhibited distinct skeletal types, including rare 17- epi -dammarane ( 1 , 6 , 7 , 11 , and 12 ), conventional dammarane ( 2 – 5 , 8 , and 9 ), oleanane ( 10 and 13 – 17 ) and lupane ( 18 and 19 ). Their structures were elucidated via a comprehensive analysis of the HRESIMS, NMR , and ECD data, as well as quantum chemical calculations of NMR parameters. Notably, compounds 1 – 5 , 10 – 15 , and 19 possessed an unusual 3,19 (or 25)-hemiketal structure bridging over ring A, while the remaining compounds were classified as 3-oxotriterpenoids. The skeletal diversity observed in these compounds was further elaborated from a biosynthetic perspective . Subsequently, the protective effects of fourteen compounds ( 1 , 3 , 4 , 6 – 9 , 11 – 14 , and 16 – 18 ) against HF were evaluated using zebrafish models of isoproterenol-induced HF at a concentration of 1 μg/mL. Remarkably, all fourteen compounds significantly ameliorated pericardial edema, with five compounds ( 3 , 6 , 11 , 14 , and 16 ) also attenuating impaired cardiac output (CO), and eight compounds ( 1 , 3 , 4 , 7 – 9 , 14 , and 16 ) inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Notably, certain compounds even restored the impaired pericardium and CO to near-normal levels. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of triterpenoids derived from R. chinensis as promising agents for the treatment of HF.
研究领域:
药理学
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天然产物化学
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心血管疾病研究
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
·
2021
·Vol. 22
·期 14
·7312
·
IF 5.924
Qin Lu,Nawaz Haider Bashir,Hai-Xia Wu,Weiwei Wang,Jinwen Zhang,Yongzhong Cui,Hang Chen
Rhus potaniniiMaxim is an economically and medicinally important tree species in China. It produces galls (induced by aphids) with a high abundance of tannins. Here, we discuss the histology, cellular structures and their distribution, and the macromolecular components of secretive glandular trichomes on the leaves ofR. potaninii. A variation in the density of glandular trichomes and tomenta was found between the adaxial and abaxial sides of a leaf in different regions and stages of the leaf. The glandular trichomes onR. potaniniitrees comprise a stalk with no cellular structure and a head with 8–15 cells. Based on staining, we found that the secretion of glandular trichomes has many polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, and acidic lipids but very few neutral lipids. The dense glandular trichomes provide mechanical protection for young tissues; additionally, their secretion protects the young tissues from pathogens by a special chemical component. According to transcriptome analysis, we found enhanced biosynthetic and metabolism pathways of glycan, lipids, toxic amino acids, and phenylpropanoids. This shows a similar tendency to the staining. The numbers of differentially expressed genes were large or small; the averaged range of upregulated genes was greater than that of the downregulated genes in most subpathways. Some selectively expressed genes were found in glandular trichomes, responsible for the chitinase activity and pathogenesis-related proteins, which all have antibacterial activity and serve for plant defense. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the components of the secretion from glandular trichomes on the leaf surface ofR. potaninii.Keywords:distribution pattern;gene expression pattern;glandular trichome;histological structure;secretion;plant defense
研究领域:
植物学
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遗传学
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植物生理学
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分子生物学
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DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Nutrients
·
2022
·Vol. 14
·期 19
·4090
·
IF 6.706
Yilin Sun,Shengbao Cai,Yuanyue Zhang,Nan Ma,Junjie Yi,Xiaosong Hu,Tao Wang
This study focused on the preventive effects of the extracts ofRhus chinensisMill. (RCM) fruits on cholestasis induced by 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) in mice. The results showed that RCM extracts could significantly ameliorate DDC-induced cholestasis via multiple mechanisms, including (1) alleviating liver damage via enhancing antioxidant capacity, such as increasing the contents of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase and inhibiting the levels of malondialdehyde; (2) preventing liver inflammation by suppressing NF-κB pathway and reducing proinflammatory cytokines secretion (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6); (3) inhibiting liver fibrosis and collagen deposition by regulating the expression of transforming growth factor-β and α-smooth muscle actin; (4) modulating abnormal bile acid metabolism through increasing the expression of bile salt export pump and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2. This study was the first to elucidate the potential preventive effect of RCM extracts on DDC-induced cholestasis in mice from multiple pathways, which suggested that RCM fruits could be considered as a potential dietary supplement to prevent cholestasis.Keywords:cholestasis;Rhus chinensisMill.;polyphenols;liver damage;oxidative stress;inflammation
研究领域:
药理学
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肝病学
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分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ANNALS OF BOTANY
·
2024
·
IF 3.6
Guo Huanhuan,Li Shiqin,Liu Yong,Yang Qinsong
Background and AimsChinese pistachio (Pistacia chinensis Bunge), an important horticultural plant species, holds great ornamental value with beautiful leaves and fruits. Seedling propagation of this tree species is restricted by its erratic seed germination, however, the germination mechanism is ambiguous yet. The aim of this study was to figure out the germination mechanism from the novel perspective based on the multi-omics data.MethodsThe multi-omics technique combined with hormone content measurement was first applied in seed germination of Chinese pistachio.Key ResultsDue to the great accumulation during seed germination, catechin stood out from the identified metabolites by broadly targeted metabolomic analysis. Exogenous catechin of 10 mg/L significantly improved the germination of Chinese pistachio seeds. An interesting result of hormone analysis showed that the improving effect of catechin could be attributed to increase of the gibberellic acid 3 (GA3) content rather than decrease of the abscisic acid (ABA) content before germination. The paclobutrazol (PAC, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor) and PAC + catechin treatments also showed that the promoting effect of catechin on seed germination depends on GA biosynthesis. Transcriptome analysis and qRT‒PCR further revealed that catechin induced the expression of PcGA20ox5 to activate GA biosynthesis. Several transcription factors were induced by catechin and GA treatments, such as TCP, bZIP and C3H, which may play an important regulatory role in GA biosynthesis in a catechin-mediated way.ConclusionsCatechin promotes seed germination via GA biosynthesis in Chinese pistachios. This study proposes a novel mechanism by which catechin promotes seed germination via the GA pathway, which provides new insight into a comprehensive understanding of seed dormancy and germination.
研究领域:
植物学
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植物生理学
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分子生物学
·
园艺学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Food Bioscience
·
2024
·
IF 4.8
Meimei Shan,Xingrui Xu,Chuanqi Chu,He Wang,Chengting Zhang,Shengbao Cai
Fatigue is an intricate physiological phenomenon, causing serious secondary concerns and bioregulation disorders. The objective of this research was to look into the anti-fatigue effect and potential mechanisms of natural ingredients in methanol extract of edible oil from Rhus chinensis Mill. fruits (PMRO). Results showed that a total of 18 fatty acids and 9 anacardic acids were identified by GC-MS and UHPLC-ESI-HCES/MS in PMRO. PMRO significantly increased the weight-bearing swimming time. Further investigations showed that PMRO significantly improved physiological indexes related to fatigue and regulated the oxidative stress (Keap1/Nrf2) and energy metabolism (AMPK/PGC-1α)-related proteins expression to exert anti-fatigue effects. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that a potential role of PMRO in modulating the abundance of gut bacteria and influencing the short-chain fatty acids content, thereby exerting an anti-fatigue effect. Therefore, the natural ingredients in PMRO may hold promise as a dietary supplement capable of delaying body fatigue.
研究领域:
营养学
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药理学
·
微生物学
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生物化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SEPARATION SCIENCE
·
2020
·Vol. 43
·期 23
·4281-4288
·
IF 2.878
HongXia Chen,Hao Zhou,Ran Tao,WenJun Li,Cheng Zhang Wang
A simple and efficient matrix solid-phase dispersion via high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector was developed to analyze the following flavonoids of Rhus verniciflua Stokes: fisetin, fustin, butein, sulfuretin, garbanzol, and quercetin. The optimum conditions for the procedure was the use of Zeolite Socony Mobil-twenty-two molecular sieves as the adsorbent, sample:adsorbent ratio of 2:5, grinding for 3 min, and use of 8 mL of 70% methanol:water as the elution solvent. The method was validated for linearity, precision, reproducibility, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. The method exhibited excellent linearity for all six flavonoids. The intra- and interday precisions over a range of concentrations were below 3.0% and limits of quantification for the six flavonoids were 0.16 and 0.50 μg/mL. Compared with other published methods, the proposed method was more effective, rapid, and required less reagents. Therefore, the combination of matrix solid-phase dispersion and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detector showed excellent reproducibility and simplicity and could be suitable for the extraction and quantification of multiple flavonoids in R. verniciflua Stokes samples.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
生药学
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植物科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）