A series of novel nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) reinforced gradient intelligent hydrogels with high response rate, multiple response patterns and diversified self-driven functions were successfully prepared. Based on the effect of the hydroxide radical of NFC on the addition reaction, and on the dehydration synthesis, the variation of NFC significantly regulated the gradient structure of the intelligent hydrogels. In addition to the infiltration property of graphene oxide (GO), reinforcement of NFC enhanced the crosslinking density and Young's modulus, which built a relationship between material characteristics and near infrared laser response rate. Intelligent hydrogel actuators realized bending deformation, curling deformation, switching movements and obstacle avoidance movements. The hydrogels with high Young's modulus exhibited relatively low self-driven rates and efficiency. The self-driven mechanisms of NFC reinforced gradient intelligent hydrogels were revealed effectively by constructing the mathematical relationship curvature variation, bending degree, deformation displacement, material characteristics and incentive intensity. The investigation showed a new path for the combination of mechanical property, intelligent property and functional property of intelligent hydrogels in a bionic soft robot and health engineering.
A novel type of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-containing poly N-isopropylacrylamide-clay bilayer nanocomposite hydrogel actuator was successfully fabricated via one-step in situ free radical polymerization. The bilayer hydrogel exhibited rapid, reversible and efficient temperature and near infrared laser responses in air and water. With an increase in the NFC content, the cross-density of hydrogels enhanced, leading to an increase in the strength and deswelling rate and a decrease in the strain, swelling rate and bending degree. The two layers in the bilayer structure bonded tightly. The bilayer hydrogel dimensions affected the deformation ability. The smaller the bilayer hydrogel, the higher the bending degree exhibited by the actuators. Bending degree in poikilothermy temperature ranging from 32 to 50 °C was higher than that in the constant temperature of 50 °C. Based on the intelligent responsive property, the bilayer hydrogel was designed as a soft temperature-controlled manipulator, which can be treated as a candidate material for medicine and soft robotics.
Yi Wu,Jiahui Tian,Jialu Yang,Qian Peng,Zhengchun Wu,Rushi Liu,Mengjie Luo,Yilan Qiu,Ruiyun Cao
Purpose: We constructed biomimetic nanoparticles with biocompatible, tumor-targeting, laser-responsive properties for ferroptosis-induced colorectal cancer chemo-photothermal therapy, with the aim to realize double-hit ferroptosis treatment for colorectal cancer. Methods: The nanoparticles were prepared by first loading the chemotherapy drug bufotalin (CS-5) with Prussian blue (PB), then combining a hybridized erythrocyte–tumor membrane (M) with PB@CS-5 to produce PB@CS-5@M. The chemo-photothermal therapy efficiency of PB@CS-5@M was tested by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results and conclusion: The combined PB and CS-5 act as promising ferroptosis inducers to enhance ferroptosis efficacy. The hyperthermia induced by laser stimulation can trigger PB to release CS-5 and iron and ferrous ions, which further promotes ferroptosis.
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