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Tunable Excitation Polarized Upconversion Luminescence and Reconfigurable Double Anti-Counterfeiting from Er3+ Doped Single Nanorods

Dongping Wen,Shanling Zuo,Chunfeng Huang,Zongqian Tan,Fuxi Lu,Yi Liang,Xiaoming Mo,Tao Lin,Sheng Cao,Jianrong Qiu,Jialong Zhao,Ping Chen

Excitation polarized upconversion luminescence (EPUL) from lanthanide ions has attracted considerable attention due to its wide applications in microfluidics, single particle tracking, security inks, and cell internal viscosity testing. However, controlling the degree of excitation polarization (DOEP) of the EPUL remains a significant challenge. Here, the modulation of the DOEP (from 0 to 0.5) of the EPUL from Er 3+ doped single nanorods by changing the concentration of doped Er 3+ , Yb 3+ , or Mn 2+ is systematically studied. By analyzing the lifetimes and disproportionate changes in luminescence intensities, it is found that optimizing Er 3+ , Yb 3+ , or Mn 2+ concentration can reduce non-radiative transition and population density in excited states, leading to the enhancement of the DOEP under a good alignment of transition dipoles. Furthermore, the possibility of anti-counterfeiting based on such tunable EPUL is illustrated. Three kinds of fine patterns with a small size of 10 µm are realized by assembling the single nanorods accurately via optical tweezers. The patterns and their EPUL guarantee double protection for the feasibility of anti-counterfeiting. The findings of this study offer insights into the EPUL from lanthanide ions and provide a microscale platform via the EPUL for the application of multidimensional information encoding and reconfigurable double anti-counterfeiting.