Materials Today Communications
·
2023
·
IF 3.8
Zilong Liang,Jingxuan Liu,Yange Wan,Zhaojie Feng,Pengyu Zhang,Mingchao Wang,Haijun Zhang
Struvite is a common adverse waste in sewage treatment plants. To evaluate the feasibility of struvite as an extinguishing agent, a novel DOPO-VTS (vinyltrimethoxysilane and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxa) modified struvite ultra-fine powder with stable performance was prepared using an economic synthesis method, and the extinguishing property and mechanism were deeply analyzed. The local oil basin test showed that the fire extinguishing effect of DOPO-VTS modified struvite was significantly better than that of commercial ABC (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) dry powder and blank struvite without modification. By coating DOPO-VTS on struvite, the original agglomeration problem was solved, and the liquidity index (angle of repose) was 34 °, better than ABC (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ) dry powder (37 °) and blank struvite (40 °). Besides, under the protection of DOPO-VTS, the overall thermal stability and hydrophobic effect were also improved. The DOPO-VTS modified struvite could maintain fire extinguishing activity at a temperature close to 100 ℃, 40 ℃ higher than blank struvite, which not only widened its storage environment, but also helped to extinguish the fire at the root of the flame. Furthermore, a large number of P-O groups were generated during the pyrolysis of DOPO-VTS modified struvite, greatly improving its fire extinguishing performance. In addition, the physicochemical reaction during the extinguishing process, including heat absorption/release, particle size distribution , composition, and structural evolution, and gas phase product analysis, were comprehensively studied. Combined with the fire extinguishing experiment results, temperature,and smoke changes, three kinds of extinguishing mechanisms were confirmed: cooling effect, asphyxiation, and chemical effect.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
消防工程
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2021
·
IF 5.03
Weijie Ning,Yawen Yang,Ding Zhang,Renming Pan
Common ultrafine powder fire extinguishing agent couldn't put out the oil fire. To solve this problem, a simple and controllable way for preparing hydrophobic and oleophobic fire extinguishing agent was developed. Firstly, fluorinated acrylate copolymers (FP) with different fluorine contents were prepared and used to modify the extinguishing agent. Unlike perfluorooctane sulphonate/ perfluorooctanoic acids (PFOS/PFOA) with C8-fluorocarbon chains widely used as modifiers, the prepared FP with C6-fluorocarbon chains not only met the environmental standards, but also possessed excellent properties. Subsequently, the fluorine contents of particles modified by two FP were 19.3% and 37.4% respectively. The contact angles of deionized water were 103.5° and 117° respectively, and those of aviation kerosene were 68° and 120.5° respectively. They possessed outstanding hydrophobicity, but particles modified by FP2 had better oleophobicity. Finally, the particles covered the surface of fuel, which prevented the fuel from evaporating. Combined with the effect of interrupting the combustion chain reaction, the flame was gradually extinguished.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
·
2024
·
IF 8.9
Yibo Guo,Xiangjian Wang,Jianjun Gao,Zhanwen He,Sai Yao,Xiaomeng Zhou,Haijun Zhang
The thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries is characterized by high temperature rising rate and heat release rate, leading to rapid and violent development of battery fire disasters. External untimely firefighting measures can hardly deal with the rapidly evolving lithium-ion battery fire. The widely used cell-module-pack combination packaging system further exacerbates the risk of thermal runaway propagation, as the external extinguishing agent cannot effectively reach the fire area due to the barrier of the packaging structure. To address these challenges, an in situ extinguishing strategy based on self-portable microcapsule fire extinguishing agent for lithium-ion batteries has been proposed. Microcapsule is a new type of fire extinguishing agent with urea-formaldehyde resin as shell, dodecafluoro-2-methylpentan-3-one (C 6 F 12 O) and 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxybutane (C 5 H 3 F 9 O) as composite core, directly coated on the outer surface of the battery. During the thermal runaway process, a large amount of heat leads to increased internal pressure of microcapsule, resulting in the cracking of the polymer shell and released fire extinguishing agents for in situ fire suppression and cooling. It was found that this in-situ fire-suppressing technology can effectively inhibit the flame of the ternary Li-ion battery (NCM18650) and control the temperature below 130°C. Moreover, this in-situ fire-extinguishing strategy can automatically detect and response at the early stage of battery thermal runaway, directly acting on the faulty cell inside the packaging and effectively inhibit the formation and propagation of thermal runaway. These findings provide a novel solution to the safety problems caused by large-scale application of lithium-ion batteries.
研究领域:
消防安全
·
材料科学
·
能源存储
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2019
·
IF 7.65
Junchao Zhao,Zhitao Yin,Muhammad Usman Shahid,Haoran Xing,Xudong Cheng,Yangyang Fu,Song Lu
The re-ignition of pool fires is a common hazard phenomenon in fire extinguishing. Dry chemicals with oleophobicity may solve this problem because powders can float on the oil surface and prevent evaporation of fuel pool. In this research, MAPP (modified ammonium polyphosphate) with superhydrophobicity, oleophobicity, and higher chemical activity is prepared which can quickly quench pool fires and provide longer protection. The activation indexes of MAPP for water, diesel , aviation kerosene and gasoline are 98.5%, 87.4%, 98.7% and 98.4%, respectively. Lower activation energy of MAPP means that it will show higher chemical activity in fire. The fire-extinguishing performance of MAPP is much higher than that of Commercial UDCA (ultra-fine dry chemical agent) during fire experiments. After extinguished by MAPP, the fuel pool is hard to be re-ignited. The significance of this study is to propose a new strategy for preventing the re-ignition of pool fires.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
消防工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2021
·
IF 6.609
Jian Qiao,Duan Zhao,Yan-Yun Zhao,Wei Lu,Miao-Miao Li,Xiang-Ming Hu,Yun-Tao Liang,Fu-Chao Tian,Shuang Ju,Bing-Rui Yan
To reduce the effect of conventional halogen salt inhibitors on the performance of foaming solutions and extend the fire prevention and suppression time of water-based foams, herein, microencapsulation technology has been used in the preparation of inhibitors. Calcium chloride sustained-release microcapsule with ethyl cellulose as wall material was successfully prepared by solvent evaporation method. The microcapsule complied with Higuchi release kinetics equation. The experiment showed that the foaming solution added with 20 g microcapsules had almost the same foaming capacity as the pure foaming solution, and the foaming multiple could reach 14 times, and the half-life of the foam could reach 123 min. The foaming multiple was much higher than the foaming multiple of calcium chloride foam (0 times). Compared with calcium chloride foam, the new type of foam prepared in this paper has better inhibition ability, and the inhibition rate is as high as 83.8%. Ethyl cellulose used as wall material in microcapsules can soften covered coal in the process of heating up, isolate coal and oxygen, and thus inhibit coal and oxygen binding. The experimental results show that the temperature of T1 (84.6℃), T3 (338.2℃) and the cross-point temperatures of the coal sample treated with the new type of foam are higher than that of the coal sample treated with the calcium chloride foam. At the same time, the new type of foam can significantly inhibit the oxidation rate of methyl and methylene. It can be seen that the microencapsulation technology can improve the ability of the inhibitor foam.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
消防工程
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
·
2022
·
IF 3.78
Haoran Jiang,Yong Jiang,Rujia Fan
This study aimed to develop high-efficiency fire extinguishing agents that is halogen-free and phosphorus-free, natural clinoptilolite (CP) was used as a carrier to adsorb iron, and iron-loaded functional clinoptilolite (ICP) was prepared. The structure and morphology of the samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer , X-ray diffractometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that a layer of FeOOH is attached to the surface of the functionalized ICP, forming elliptical particles with a length of 100–500 nm, and the iron content can reach 4.99%. The suppression experiment involving pool fires indicated that the fire extinguishing performance of ICP is better than CP and commercial ABC dry powders fire extinguishing agents. The average extinguishing time and usage of ICP were reduced by 41.4% and 40.1%, respectively, compared with ABC powders. The improvement of the fire-extinguishing performance of ICP was mainly since the loaded iron ions are converted into active iron atoms during high-temperature combustion and participate in the catalytic reaction of capturing combustion radicals.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
消防工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Fire-Switzerland
·
2024
·Vol. 7
·期 4
·146
·
IF 3
Guangbin Lu,Junchao Zhao,Yanting Zhou,Yangyang Fu,Song Lu,Heping Zhang
Flowability greatly affects the application of ultrafine dry powder fire extinguishing systems, while hydrophobicity and acute inhalation toxicity are concerns for fire extinguishing agents. In the present study, we examined the impact of hydrophobic fumed silica on the hydrophobicity and flow properties of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate as the base. Our findings revealed that incorporating 6 wt.% of hydrophobic fumed silica resulted in optimal flowability, accompanied by a hydrophobicity angle of 126.48°. The excessive inclusion of hydrophobic fumed silica impeded powder flow within the ammonium dihydrogen phosphate particles. Furthermore, the investigations indicated that the incorporation of a small quantity of bentonite (0.5 wt.%) amongst the three functional additives—bentonite, magnesium stearate, and perlite—offered further enhancements in powder flowability. In fire extinguishing experiments’ total flooding conditions (1 m3), the designed UDPA exhibited a minimum required extinguishing concentration of merely 41.5 g/m3, which is better than the publicly reported value. Moreover, observations on the well-being of mice subjected to nearly three times the extinguishing concentration at 60 s, 10 min, and 3 days, respectively, demonstrated the absence of acute inhalation toxicity associated with the designed UDPA. Collectively, the developed ultrafine dry powder fire extinguishing agent displayed promising performance and possesses broad applicability.
研究领域:
消防工程
·
材料科学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Sustainable Systems
·
2025
·
IF 6.1
Mao Yang,Chunxia Wang,Xingxiang Ji,Xugang Dang
Herein, a novel leather solid waste–derived collagen polypeptide (CP)–based foam (CF) is developed with good chemical stability, good degradability, considerably poor metal corrosive properties, and high-efficiency fire-extinguishing properties. The developed CP is used as a raw material to obtain CF via free-radical emulsion polymerization using maleic anhydride and oleic acrylic resins. Thereafter, a foam-based extinguishing agent (FP) with ideal flame retardant properties is synthesized by blending the obtained CF with common and fluorine-containing (sodium perfluoro nonyloxybenzenesulfonate) surfactants. The prepared materials are characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, fire-extinguishing effect, and other analytical techniques. Results show that the synthesized FP exhibited good thermal and chemical stabilities as well as considerably low cytotoxicity and biotoxicity. A spreading test and preliminary fire-extinguishing test on an oil surface indicated that the FP has a relatively high spreading speed and good air-insulation performance. In particular, compared with that of a traditional extinguishing agent, the full spreading time of 7-FP is 40% lower, with the total extinguishing time being 28 s. Overall, the results suggested that the prepared CP materials are effective extinguishing agents and may have notable value in various fireproofing applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SURFACTANTS AND DETERGENTS
·
2021
·Vol. 25
·期 2
·205-216
·
IF 1.902
Yawen Yang,Mengyuan Peng,Min Sha,Jiaqing Fang,Ding Zhang,Renming Pan,Biao Jiang
Fluorocarbon surfactants were the main components of aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agents (AFFF). Unfortunately, the widely used fluorocarbon surfactant perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was limited due to its toxicity, bioaccumulation and biodegradability. In this paper, an environmentally friendly quaternary ammonium cationic fluorocarbon surfactant with high surface activity and simple synthesis route was reported. The surface performance and aggregation behavior of the mixed solution of this fluorocarbon surfactant and sodium n-octyl sulfate were studied by means of surface tension meter and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results showed that the synergistic effect of sodium n-octyl sulfate and this fluorocarbon surfactant was significant, and many vesicles could be observed in the mixed solution with the concentration of 0.1 mol/L under TEM. Subsequently, three environmental friendly AFFF formulations (F-1, F-2, F-3) were designed with the mixture of the fluorocarbon surfactant, sodium n-octyl sulfate and lauryl betaine BS-12 as foaming agent. Through its foam performance test, it could be seen that F-3 showed relatively excellent foam performance. The initial foam height h 0 was 70 mm, the 25% drainage time was 315 s, the extinguishing time was 28 s, and the burn-back time was 720 s. This kind of fire extinguishing agent had the potential of fire protection application.
研究领域:
化学
·
环境科学
·
消防工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POWDER TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 4.6
Yanting Zhou,Junchao Zhao,Tengfei Wang,Zhilei Yu,Yangyang Fu,Yong Jiang,Xudong Cheng,Heping Zhang
Despite the exceptional fire-suppressant capabilities of ultrafine dry powder fire extinguishing agents, additional work is essential to improve their overall fire-extinguishing performance. In this investigation, we explored the utility of Fe 3+ loaded ZSM-5 zeolite in enhancing the firefighting capabilities of ultrafine dry powder fire extinguishing agents. The loading of transition metal ions Fe 3+ onto the ZSM-5 zeolite was achieved through the ion solution exchange method. Interestingly, the loading of Fe element on Fe/ZSM-5 zeolite displayed a pattern of initial increase followed by decrease as the ion exchange time lengthened. Furthermore, the loading of Fe element on Fe/ZSM-5 zeolite was found to be influenced positively by the initial molar concentration of Fe 3+ and pH levels. Impressively, under specific working conditions, the prepared Fe/ZSM-5 zeolite demonstrated a substantial Fe element loading of 5.82 %. Incorporation of ZSM-5 zeolite resulted in a 10.01 % enhancement in the fire-extinguishing efficiency of the ultrafine dry powder compared to undoped samples. Moreover, the incorporation of Fe/ZSM-5 zeolite has resulted in an enhancement of fire extinguishing efficiency by 20.45 % (S3), 24.20 % (S4), and 29.04 % (S5) in comparison to S1. These findings contribute to the understanding that the incorporation of Fe/ZSM-5 zeolite significantly enhances the fire extinguishing performance of ultrafine dry powder fire extinguishing agents, with extinguishing efficiency improving with increased Fe element loading.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
消防工程
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 4.2
Yanting Zhou,Junchao Zhao,Yangyang Fu,Zhilei Yu,Song Lu,Heping Zhang,Yong Jiang
Sodium bicarbonate-based ultrafine dry powder fire extinguishing agents (UDEAs) exhibit high hygroscopicity and a tendency to agglomerate, which result in poor flowability and diminished extinguishing efficiency, thus proving to be crucial concerns in the UDEA design. The integration of hydrophobic nano silica (HNS) has been recognized as an effective strategy to tackle these challenges, but the precise optimal quantity of HNS in UDEA has been a subject of confusion. Consequently, the impact of HNS as an additive on the flowability of sodium bicarbonate UDEA was thoroughly examined. Through high-speed stirring, the surface of UDEA was evenly coated with HNS particles, resulting in a notable increase in the contact angle of the modified extinguishing agent to approximately 135.4°. Notably, the UDEA formulation with an 8% HNS addition exhibited the least cohesion, the highest flow function value, and the lowest spray resistance. Moreover, the study unveiled the underlying flow mechanism of sodium bicarbonate UDEA influenced by the HNS additive. The findings indicated that the most effective incorporation of HNS into sodium bicarbonate UDEA was 8%, considering both its hydrophobic properties and flow characteristics.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
消防工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
·
2025
·
IF 7.9
Zhanwen He,Yibo Guo,Xiaomeng Zhou,Haijun Zhang
In response to the deficiencies of existing fire extinguishing agents, such as insufficient cooling performance, electrical conductivity, and the generation of toxic gases when dealing with lithium battery fires, this study has developed a composite powder fire extinguishing agent that combines commercial ABC dry powder (the main component is ammonium phosphate.) with disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate (DHPD) to address lithium-ion battery fires. Experiments have shown that 35 %DHPD@ABC can reduce the fire temperature by 297 °C within 20 s in a oil pool fire experiment, representing a 34 % improvement in cooling performance. In thermal runaway (TR) suppression tests, it rapidly lowers the battery temperature to 162 °C, with an 80 % increase in cooling efficiency and effective prevention of TR propagation. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric infrared (TG-IR) analyses reveal that the fire-extinguishing mechanism integrates chemical inhibition with physical cooling and isolation. This composite powder fire extinguishing agent offers an innovative strategy for the prevention of lithium-ion battery fires.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源安全
·
消防工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）