ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 10.3
Tianao Mao,Wenbin Liu,Jinglin Deng,Chunci Chen,Tianqi Jia,Haifeng Li,Fei Yin
N , N ′-Substituted p -phenylenediamines (PPDs) are widely used as antioxidants in the rubber industry and are released into the environment in large quantities during the production and use of rubber products. We quantified PPDs and PPD quinone derivatives (PPD-Qs) in rubber consumer products, including car tires, rubber belts, rubber gloves, rubber cables, and rubber hoses, to obtain information on the degree of weathering over time during their use. Additionally, we investigated the occurrences and sources of PPDs and PPD-Qs in dust samples collected from four typical urban environments (roads, parking lots, automotive repair shops, and residences). The detected compounds included the highly toxic N -(1,3-dimethylbutyl)- N ′-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine quinone, which can cause acute mortality of coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ). Concentrations of PPDs in the automotive repair shops reached 56.0 μg/g, and were much higher than in the other environments, while the residential samples had the lowest contaminant concentrations. In road and residential samples, N , N ′-di-2-naphthyl- p -phenylenediamine accounted for 17 %–30 % of the PPDs, and may have originated from different sources. We preliminarily identified 32 transformation products, and 11 of these were N , N ′-di-2-naphthyl- p -phenylenediamine transformation products. The average daily intakes of PPDs and PPD-Qs were calculated to assess the health risks of dust exposure in each environment. Workers had high total intakes of PPD [60.3 ng/(kg day)] and PPD-Qs [20.1 ng/(kg day)], and were at some risk of occupational exposure. These results improve our understanding of the environmental occurrences, sources, transformation, and health risks of PPDs and PPD-Qs.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
·
2022
·
IF 7.305
Wu-zhi Yuan,Zhixing Liao,Kui He,Si-Min Huang
Although condensation plays an important role in photovoltaic (PV) soiling, the mechanism of interaction among the condensate, dust particle, and PV surface has not been effectively elucidated. In this work, the dynamic behavior of dust/condensate during condensation and evaporation is investigated. Further, quantitative measurements are performed after drying. In addition, the effects of surface wettability and dust types on soiling are studied. A surface with a hydrophobic coating is found to have enhanced dust rearrangement/agglomeration by reducing surface coverage and particle adhesion . However, the hydrophobicity of particles is unfavorable because of the weak water-solid force. Based on these results, an explanative mechanism for the morphology and spatial distribution of dust mass after drying according to the force analysis is proposed. Two mechanisms account for surface soiling in the presence of dew: contact status between condensate and particles and condensation mode on the surface. This finding may guide the development of suitable strategies to prevent or mitigate soiling.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
·
2010
·Vol. 86
·期 1
·38-42
·
IF 0.992
Yang Zhong-Zhi,Li Yong-Fang,Li Zhi-Chun,Gu Yu-Mei,Zhu Ya,Zhang Zhan-Jun
Five higher Chlorinated Benzenes (CBs), include Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), pentachlorobenzene (PeCB) and three isomers of tetrachlorobenzens, were analyzed in 20 outdoor dust samples collected from a fast developing city, Xinxiang. Only HCB was detected in all outdoor dust samples. The dominate part of the CBs residue in most samples was HCB and the mean HCB concentration (4.13 ng/g dry weight) in this study was in the range of global background soil HCB levels (ranging from 0.010 to 5.20 ng/g dry weight). The higher ratios of HCB/PeCB in the outdoor dust samples in the present study indicate that pesticide application may be an important source of HCB in China.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH
·
2025
·Vol. 47
·期 5
·1-14
·
IF 3.8
Wang Yiyu,Su Huijun,Liu Ning,Yang Naiwang,Gao Pingqiang
Antioxidants have been received recognized as contaminants in the environmental field due to the reports of adverse effects. In this study, a total of 35 outdoor dusts and 20 educational indoor dusts were sampled to investigated the occurrence and spatial distribution of antioxidants, and eight antioxidants were positively found in dusts. For the indoor dusts, the total antioxidant concentrations (Σ 8 Ant) were in the range of 15.7–5282 ng/g, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) was the dominate compound which constituted of 46.4% in the total concentrations of detected antioxidants. The composition profiles of antioxidants (67.9%) in outdoor dusts were different from that in indoor dusts, N -(1,3-dimethylbutyl)- N ′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) was the main component of all the identified antioxidants. Various microenvironments exhibited different contamination characteristics of antioxidants, the rank order of Σ 8 Ant was following as: campus roads (average concentration: 35.4 ng/g) < pedestrian streets (59.1 ng/g) < urban roads (92.9 ng/g) < teaching buildings (105 ng/g) < laboratory buildings (530 ng/g) < dormitories (1652 ng/g). Based on the measured Σ 8 Ant in dusts, we estimated daily intake via dust ingestion to be 3.90e −2 to 9.55e −2 ng/kg BW/day for adults under high exposure scenario. Overall, the occurrence and spatial distribution of antioxidants in outdoor and educational indoor spaces were investigated and the potential risks of detected antioxidants exposure in toddlers and adults were assessed in the present study.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
公共卫生
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2024
·
IF 8.2
Yuying Zhang,Lei Yan,Longxing Wang,Haijun Zhang,Jiping Chen,Ningbo Geng
N , N ′-substituted p -phenylenediamines (PPDs) are widely used antioxidants in rubber tires, which could be released and accumulated in road dusts with rubber tires wear. As ozonation product of N -(1,3-dimethylbutyl)- N′ -phenyl- p -phenylenediamine (6PPD), 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) exhibited higher toxicity to coho salmon. However, studies on their environmental behaviors are still limited. Road dust is the major medium PPDs exist, which significantly affects the levels of PPDs in other mediums, especially surface water and particulate matter. In this study, road dust samples were collected in 55 major cities of China to explore the distribution characteristics of PPDs and 6PPD-Q. The concentrations of total PPDs (ΣPPDs) and 6PPD-Q in urban trunk road dust samples were in the ranges of 7.90–727 and 3.00–349 ng/g, with median concentrations of 68 and 49 ng/g, respectively. 6PPD and 6PPD-Q are the dominant components in most road dusts. The functional region-dependent pollution characteristics of PPDs and 6PPD-Q give the first finding that urban tunnel road was the highly polluted region, followed by urban trunk roads. Suburban road dusts had a lower pollution level. Moreover, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of PPDs and 6PPD-Q for children was much higher than adults.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH
·
2022
·Vol. 45
·期 6
·2935-2948
·
IF 4.898
Qian Yahui,Yuan Keyue,Hong Xiuping,Xu Zhenpeng,Liang Handong
Alkyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (APAHs) are more toxic and persistent than their parent compounds. In this study, the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in dust, topsoil and coal gangue from Huaibei Coal mine, China were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, confirming APAHs were the dominant pollutants. The mean concentrations of APAHs were substantially higher than those of 16 PAHs in both dust and topsoil. The mean concentration of APAHs in dust was 9197 µg kg −1 , accounting for 80% of the total mean concentration of PACs. The mean concentration of APAHs in topsoil was 2835 µg kg −1 , accounting for 77% of the mean concentration of PACs. Alkyl naphthalenes and alkyl phenanthrenes were the primary pollutants in APAHs. Their mean concentrations in dust and topsoil were 7782 µg kg −1 and 2333 µg kg −1 , respectively. This accounted for 85% and 82% of the concentration of APAHs, respectively. Additionally, low-molecular-weight APAHs dominated the PACs of the coal mine, exhibiting petrogenic characteristics; distribution of C1-C4 NAP and C1-C4 PHE exhibited “bell shape” pattern indicated as petrogenic source. Source identification indicated that the PACs were mainly derived from petrogenic sources and vehicle emissions, followed by biomass and coal burning. Fingerprinting information of dust and topsoil were consistent with coal gangue, indicating that PACs are most likely derived from coal gangue. Coalfields comparable to our study area are widely distributed in China. Therefore, investigating PAC pollution derived from coal gangue warrants further attention.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
生态学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2018
·
IF 4.61
Yu Wang,Hongwen Sun,Hongkai Zhu,Yiming Yao,Hao Chen,Chao Ren,Fengchang Wu,Kurunthachalam Kannan
Distribution of 12 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) was determined in soil and outdoor settled dust samples collected from a multi-waste (electronic, plastic, and rubber wastes and abandoned household-appliances and vehicles) recycling area, that encompassed different modes of operation i.e. open (ORS) and semi-closed recycling (SCRS). Among the twelve OPFRs analyzed, eleven were detected at a frequency of 75%–100% in all soil and dust samples. In soil samples, ΣOPFR concentrations were significantly higher at ORS (122–2100 ng/g) than at SCRS (58.5–316 ng/g) and nearby farmlands (37.7–156 ng/g). The ΣOPFR concentrations in dust samples were higher than those in soil samples with spatial distribution similar to that observed for soil, decreasing from ORS (1390–42,700 ng/g) to SCRS (914–7940 ng/g). Tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) was the major OPFRs in both soil (< MDL–1370 ng/g) and dust (39.9–16,300 ng/g) samples. Chlorinated OPFRs [TCIPP, tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)] and aryl-OPFRs [triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), tris(methylphenyl) phosphate (TMPP)] exhibited spatial difference between ORS and SCRS. Principle component analysis (PCA) of OPFR concentrations revealed that TCIPP, TDCIPP, TPHP, TMPP originated from similar sources. TMPP was assessed to pose eco-toxicological risk (risk quotient values: RQs) in the soil ecosystem. The median estimated daily intake (EDI) of OPFRs via soil and outdoor settled dust ingestion (based on average ingestion rate) was 3.14 × 10 − 1 ng/kg bw/day for adults at ORS. Our results suggest that waste recycling is an important source of chlorinated- and aryl-OPFRs in the environment.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
·
2018
·
IF 4.732
Rui-Wen He,Yun-Zi Li,Ping Xiang,Chao Li,Xin-Yi Cui,Lena Q Ma
The effect of dust particle size on the distribution and bioaccessibility of flame retardants (FRs) in indoor dust remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed 20 FRs (including 6 organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), 8 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 4 novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), and 2 dechlorane plus (DPs)) in composite dust samples from offices, public microenvironments (PME), and cars in Nanjing, China. Each composite sample (one per microenvironment) was separated into 6 size fractions (F1–F6: 200–2000 µm, 150–200 µm, 100–150 µm, 63–100 µm, 43–63 µm, and <43 µm). FRs concentrations were the highest in car dust, being 16 and 6 times higher than those in offices and PME. The distribution of FRs in different size fractions was Kow-dependent and affected by surface area (Log Kow=1–4), total organic carbon (Log Kow=4–9), and FR migration pathways into dust (Log Kow>9). Bioaccessibility of FRs was measured by the physiologically-based extraction test, with OPFR bioaccessibility being 1.8–82% while bioaccessible PBDEs, NBFRs, and DPs were under detection limits due to their high hydrophobicity . The OPFR bioaccessibility in 200–2000 µm fraction was significantly higher than that of <43 µm fraction, but with no difference among the other four fractions. Risk assessment was performed for the most abundant OPFR-tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate. The average daily dose (ADD) values were the highest for the <43 µm fraction for all three types of dust using total concentrations, but no consistent trend was found among the three types of dust if based on bioaccessible concentrations. Our results indicated that dust size impacted human exposure estimation of FRs due to their variability in distribution and bioaccessibility among different fractions. For future risk assessment, size selection for dust sampling should be standardized and bioaccessibility of FRs should not be overlooked.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
·
2019
·Vol. 16
·期 3
·360
·
IF 2.468
Chimere May Ohajinwa,Peter M. Van Bodegom,Qing Xie,Jingwen Chen,Martina G. Vijver,Oladele O. Osibanjo,Willie J.G.M. Peijnenburg
Concerns about the adverse consequences of informal electronic waste (e-waste) recycling is increasing, because e-waste contains some hazardous substances such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) which is used as flame retardants in electronics. There is dearth of information on the concentrations of PBDEs and the pattern of distribution at the various e-waste recycling sites in Nigeria. This study therefore measured the concentrations of 13 PBDE congeners, in top soils (0–10 cm) and in various dust samples from different e-waste recycling sites (burning, dismantling, repair). PBDE concentrations at e-waste sites were compared with the concentrations in samples from corresponding control sites in three study locations in Nigeria (Lagos, Ibadan, and Aba). There were significant differences in the level of PBDEs congeners between each of the e-waste recycling sites and the corresponding control sites. The levels of PBDEs at the e-waste recycling sites exceeded the levels at the controls sites by a factor of 100 s to 1000 s. In general, PBDE concentrations at the e-waste sites decreased with the intensity of the e-waste recycling activities: burning sites > dismantling sites > repair sites > control sites. Our results suggest that the informal e-waste recycling has negative impacts on the enviroment and human health.Keywords:electronic waste;informal recycling;PBDEs;soil;dust;Nigeria
研究领域:
环境科学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 11.3
Ke Gao,Kai Hua,Xi Chen,Congyi Zheng,Xingtong Li,Qingyan Wu,Lingrui Ji,Linxiao Wang,Wei Wei,Liping Lu
Phthalates (PAEs) constitute the primary components of indoor dust pollutants and significantly impact human reproductive health. However, research on novel alternatives to PAEs and the risk assessment of mixed exposure has remained relatively sparse. In this study, 193 indoor dust samples were collected in 2022 from various campus locations, including classrooms, canteens, dormitories, offices, and laboratories. Forty-four traditional PAEs and their alternatives were identified, with concentrations ranging from 0.44 to 91.5 μg/g. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dioctyl terephthalate (DEHTH) were the predominant compounds, with mean concentrations of 86.3 and 59.2 μg/g, respectively. The ingestion pathway was the principal route of exposure, with dormitories identified as the primary exposure sites. The mixed reproductive toxicity equivalent factor (TEFmix) of PAEs and their alternatives was developed using a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model in conjunction with machine learning algorithms. The TEFmix was found to be lower than the sum of individual PAEs, potentially due to the antagonistic effects of PAE monomers on reproductive health. Under high-exposure scenarios, the TEFmix of PAEs in canteen dust was determined to be 0.245, surpassing values observed in other environments. Females exhibited a higher risk, with dormitories presenting a greater exposure risk than those in other indoor locations. This study provided essential data to inform regulatory measures aimed at mitigating the impact of PAEs and their alternatives in indoor dust on human reproductive health.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
毒理学
·
公共卫生
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Energy Technology
·
2020
·Vol. 9
·期 2
·2000795
·
IF 3.404
Hao Lu,Shaowei Liang
This study experimentally investigates a method to reduce dust deposition on solar cells using a superhydrophobic coating under various influencing factors. The deposition pattern, deposition density, and reduction of spectral transmittance by dust deposition are investigated. The comparison of the types of dust shows that the dust deposition densities of soil and sand on the coated surface are only 52.6% and 37.2% of those on the uncoated surface, respectively, when the dust is dry and the tilt angle θ is 30°. The comparison of the tilt angles shows that the dust deposition densities on the coated surface are only 37.2% and 22.3% of those on the uncoated surface at θ values of 30° and 60°, respectively, when the dust is dry sand. The comparison of different water contents shows that the dust deposition densities on the coated surface are only 37.2% and 46.3% of those on the bare surfaces for dry sand and wet sand, respectively, when the θ value is 30°. The superhydrophobic coating reduces the deposition of sand dust more than that of soil dust. Moreover, the reduction in dust deposition by the coating is greater with higher tilt angles and with drier dust.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2020
·
IF 6.551
Ping Xiang,Kun Wang,Jue Bi,Mengying Li,Rui-Wen He,Daolei Cui,Lena Q. Ma
Indoor dust often contains organic contaminants, which adversely impacts human health. In this study, the organic contaminants in the indoor dust from commercial offices and residential houses in Nanjing, China were extracted and their effects on human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) were investigated. Both dust extracts promoted proliferation of MCF-7 cells at ≤24 μg/100 μL, with cell viability being decreased with increasing dust concentrations. Based on LC 50 , house dust was less toxic than office dust. At 8 μg/100 μL, both extracts caused more MCF-7 cells into active cycling (G2/M + S) and increased intracellular Ca 2+ influx, with house dust inducing stronger effects than office dust. Further, the expression of estrogen-responsive genes for TFF1 and EGR3 was enhanced by 3-9 and 4-9 folds, while the expression of cell cycle regulatory genes for cyclin D was enhanced by 2-5 folds. The results suggested that organic dust extract influenced cell viability, altered cell cycle, increased intracellular Ca 2+ levels, and activated cell cycle regulatory and estrogen-responsive gene expressions, with house dust showing lower cytotoxicity but higher estrogenic potential on MCF-7 cells. The results indicate the importance of reducing organic contaminants in indoor dust to mitigate their adverse impacts on human health.
研究领域:
毒理学
·
环境科学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）