FirePhysChem
·
2025
·
IF 3.6
Jianhua Hou,Dongmei Ren,Jiarong Duan,Xiaobao Liu,Yongqi Da,Jianbing Xu,Yinghua Ye
Aiming at the problem that the ignition ability of semiconductor bridge (SCB) is limited by the quality of bridge area, an energetic semiconductor bridge (ESCB) was prepared by 3D direct writing printing method. Using Al/CuO as the main component of the energetic ink and nitrocellulost (NC) as the binder, an energetic ignition bridge was successfully prepared by combining the energetic ink on the SCB surface. The electric detonation and ignition experiments of SCB and ESCB were carried out by means of capacitive discharge, and the gap ignition experiments proved that the ignition ability of SCB was successfully enhanced by energetic ink. In the electrical explosion experiment, under the excitation of 30 V capacitor discharge, the melting and vaporization time of ESCB bridge zone is longer than that of SCB, because the energetic film absorbs the heat generated by the bridge zone. Due to the bonding effect of NC, Al and CuO are more closely combined and the reaction is more complete, and the heat release of energetic ink is 1232 J/g. At 30 V/100 µF, the ESCB can ignite the B/KNO 3 charge at an 10 mm gap when the ink charge is 3 mg. The results demonstrate the strong ignition ability of ESCB, which has a good application prospect in the use of ignition and fire transmission sequences.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电子工程
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能源化学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
·
2018
·Vol. 123
·期 9
·
IF 2.176
Ma Xiaoxia,Cheng Shengxian,Hu Yan,Ye Yinghua,Shen Ruiqi
The integration of composite energetic films (CEFs) with various types of initiators can effectively adjust their performance and represents potential applications in microscale energy-demanding systems. In this study, the Al/Bi 2 O 3 /graphene oxide (GO) CEFs were successfully integrated into copper micro-ignitors by electrophoretic deposition, a low-cost and time-saving method. The effects of the Al/Bi 2 O 3 /GO CEFs with different GO contents on exothermic performance and ignition properties of micro-ignitors were then systematically investigated in terms of heat release, activation energy, ignition duration, the maximum height of the ignition product, and ignition delay time. The results showed that the addition of GO promoted more heat releases and higher activation energies of Al/Bi 2 O 3 /GO CEFs. The addition of ≤3.5 wt. % GO prolonged the ignition duration from 450 μ s to 950 μ s and increased the maximum height of the ignition product from about 40 mm to 60 mm. However, the micro-ignitors with more than 3.5 wt. % GO cannot be ignited, which suggested that GO played a contradictory role in the ignition properties of micro-ignitors and the controlled GO content was a prerequisite for improved ignition performance. The ignition delay time gradually extended from 10.7 μ s to 27.6 μ s with increases in the GO contents of Al/Bi 2 O 3 CEFs, revealing that an increase in the weight ratio of GO leads to lower ignition sensitivity of micro-ignitors.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
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DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2025
·
IF 7.5
Yan Ge,Jian Cheng,Ruiqi Shen
Ammonium dinitramide (ADN) liquid propellants are mostly used in catalytic ignition, but catalyst deactivation is a common issue during the heating process. Microwave is used as the energy source to ignite ADN, so as to avoid the technical bottleneck of traditional catalytic ignition of ADN. However, pure ADN solution fails to ignite under microwave radiation. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can significantly enhance the absorption of electromagnetic energy owing to their superior electromagnetic absorption capabilities. In this work, we introduce a methodology for igniting and combusting ADN through the incorporation of MOFs, which serve as hotspots and absorbent materials under microwave irradiation. The ignition conditions of ADN with magnetic and non-magnetic MOFs under microwave radiation were systematically compared and analyzed. In comparison to pure ADN solutions, MOFs’ exceptional wave absorption performance augments the sample’s capacity to absorb and convert electromagnetic energy per unit time. By adjusting the ratio between ADN and MOFs, the maximum microwave absorption effect is achieved. Ignition experiments demonstrate that the incorporation of MOFs facilitates successful ignition of ADN under microwave radiation. Microwave ignition of ADN was achieved at MOF 5.0 wt%, with delay times inversely proportional to input power. The optimal 7.5 wt% MOF composition demonstrated prefer ignition efficiency in the ADN/MOF system. Despite variations in MOFs types, ADN/MOFs composites exhibit identical ignition and combustion phenomena under microwave radiation. In summary, this study establishes a foundation for microwave radiation-induced ignition of ADN with MOFs and enhances the efficiency of microwave energy utilization.
研究领域:
材料科学
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推进技术
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化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Hongxing Wang,Yongping Hao,Chengbo Ru
Traditional power supply systems based on batteries, as ineffective payloads, significantly hinder the development of ignition systems. To eliminate the dependence on batteries, we developed a self-powered ignition system utilizing a piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) based on ZnO-doped polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers with high β-phase content. When subjected to external mechanical stimulation, the output voltage of the PENG reaches 32 V, which can charge a 22 μF capacitor to 15 V within 200 s and then simultaneously light up five LEDs. A self-powered ignition circuit composed of subsystems for power harvesting, storage, and discharge is assembled to activate igniters such as Ni-Cr wire, Ni-Cr film, standard semiconductor bridge (SCB), high-resistance SCB and small-sized SCB. The energy conversion processes of the igniters, whether via electric explosion or electrothermal manner, complete within 2 μs to 0.5 ms and then successfully ignite nanothermites of Al/CuO, primary explosives of lead styphnate, or mixtures of potassium chlorate and lead thiocyanate. Subsequently, a pressed B/KNO 3 (BPN) pellet, either in contact with or separate from the igniter by up to 3.3 mm, can be successfully ignited, fulfilling the ignition and transmission functions of ignition trains. These results demonstrate that the self-powered ignition system can work reliably without batteries, which is conducive to the miniaturization and intelligence of initiators and pyrotechnic devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
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纳米技术
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
·
2024
·Vol. 149
·期 22
·12697-12708
·
IF 3
Sun Mengxia,Liao Xueqin,Liu Jianzhong
Using Al–Mg alloy instead of pure aluminum can improve the agglomeration and combustion characteristics of composite propellants. In this experiment, the effects of oxygen concentration and pressure on the ignition and combustion performance of Al–Mg binary alloy (with a magnesium mass content of 20%) and Al–Mg alloy mixed with ammonium perchlorate (AP) were investigated using a laser ignition test bench. The thermogravimetric results showed that the melting of aluminum, magnesium and intermetallic phases in the alloy powder occurred under argon, producing four heat absorption peaks. Magnesium evaporates at about 580 °C. In air, only one endothermic peak was observed, with oxidation occurring at approximately 510 °C. During the oxidation process, the intermetallic phase decomposes. Laser ignition tests showed that the alloy mainly undergoes gas-phase combustion, exhibiting phenomena such as gas emission, particle fragmentation, and micro-explosions. The introduction of AP promotes ignition and combustion of the alloy, resulting in more intense gas-phase reactions. Both increased pressure and oxygen concentration will promote alloy combustion. There are two reaction zones in the particles during combustion. Filamentary solids were observed in the combustion products of the AP-AM samples, which were primarily the products of the reaction of magnesium with O and Cl.
研究领域:
材料科学
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燃烧学
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推进剂工程
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DOI
高影响因子
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
·
2024
·
IF 5.3
Nan Liu,Qi Chen,Xianwu Jiang,Jie Chen,Lidong Zhang,Jiaying Pan,Haiqiao Wei,Xingqian Mao
This work presents a three-stage hybrid nanosecond discharge (NSD) and direct current (DC) discharge assisted n -C 5 H 12 /O 2 /N 2 ignition with lower discharge energy and higher energy efficiency. The reaction rate coefficients between O 2 (a 1 Δ g ) and n -C 5 H 12 are updated by mass/Master equation simulation. The promotive ignition enhancement via reaction channel O 2 (a 1 Δ g ) + n -C 5 H 12 → C 5 H 10 + H 2 O 2 in the hybrid NSD/DC discharge is demonstrated. The results show that the ignition delay time of the three-stage hybrid plasma assisted ignition is 1–2 orders of magnitude shorter than that of the two-stage hybrid discharge when the reduced electric field strength in the DC discharge stage is over 10 Td. Meanwhile, the plasma-enhanced energy efficiency of three-stage hybrid discharge increases. This improved efficiency on ignition enhancement is due to the kinetic enhancement by the electronically excited species and radicals (O 2 (a 1 Δ g ), O( 1 D), N 2 (B) and O). The kinetic and thermal effects by plasma are effectively intergated to enhance ignition. However, more discharge energy deposited in the vibrationally excited states N 2 ( v ) in the two-stage hybrid discharge is less efficient on ignition enhancement due to the thermal contribution via vibrational-translational relaxation. In the aspect of NO x /N 2 O emissions, reduction efficiency of the three-stage hybrid discharge is two times higher than that of the two-stage hybrid discharge. By controlling the N/N( 2 D) production pathway e + N 2 → e + N + N( 2 D), the three-stage hybrid discharge reduces NO x and N 2 O production by 61.1 % and 90 %, respectively. The results show that the ignition delay time is non-monotonically dependent on the discharge pulse number. There exist optimal pulse number, reduced electric field and effective threshold power density of DC discharge to achieve maximum ignition enhancement and low NO x /N 2 O emissions. This study provides valuable insights into the use of NSD/DC hybrid discharge technology in advanced engines to achieve energy-efficient ignition enhancement and reduce NO x /N 2 O emissions.
研究领域:
能源科学
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环境科学
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化学动力学
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DOI
高影响因子
Energetic Materials Frontiers
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Su-hang Chen,Jie Zhang,Kui Tang,Xi Chen,Jia Zhao,Tuan Zhao,Bin Zhang,Kang-zhen Xu
Microwave ignition (MWI) technology enables synchronized large-area multi-point ignition, multi-pulse operation, higher combustion temperature and efficiency, and dynamic thrust modulation through microwave field adjustments compared to conventional electric ignition methods. However, MWI application is still limited by the absence of a microwave-responsive ignition agent. Herein, A series of nano-titanium/copper ferrite/potassium perchlorate ( n- Ti-CFO/KP (0∼40%)) microwave-sensitive agents were successfully synthesized via electrostatic spraying, where KP enhances combustion, while CFO acts as both catalyst and microwave sensitizer. MWI results demonstrate that n- Ti-CFO/KP (10%) exhibits the shortest ignition delay time (IDT) by 6.34 ms, owing to its high chemical reactivity and the high microwave absorption of Ti, CFO. Combustion analysis suggests that n- Ti-CFO/KP (40%) composite achieves 10-fold combustion enhancement over KP-free ignition agents by a peak pressure of 552.2 kPa and combustion rate of 221.4 m·s -1 , while n- Ti-CFO/KP exhibits the combustion flame temperature of 1250 °C compared to n- Ti-CFO by 700 °C. This remarkable improvement is attributed to the synergistic catalytic activation and combustion - supporting effects of CFO. Furthermore, n- Ti-CFO/KP (10%) exhibits comparable combustion and sensitivity performance to conventional agents ( μ- Ti/KP and B/KNO 3 ). The n- Ti-CFO/KP (10%) shows its main exothermic peak at 310 °C, significantly lower than the 550 °C peak observed for μ- Ti/KP, as well as the excellent catalytic decomposition effect of CFO on KP was further confirmed, where the low reaction temperature can shorten the microwave dielectric heating time. The synergistic effect and combustion intensification result from the coupled interaction between the microwave thermal characteristics of n- Ti-CFO and low-temperature oxygen release kinetics of KP. This coupling achieves significantly reduced MWI delay and enhanced energy release rates, thereby overcoming traditional combustion's reliance on high-temperature conditions. This result provides a new insight into the design of pyrotechnics and propulsion for fast plasma generation and microwave combustion.
研究领域:
材料科学
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燃烧学
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能源化学
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推进技术
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功能材料
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物理化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2022
·
IF 8.035
Yingtao Wu,Zhi Wang,Lihan Fei,Yang Guo,Yang Liu,Chenglong Tang,Zuohua Huang
The hypergolic ignition behaviors of [AMIM][DCA] (1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide)/furfuryl alcohol (FA) blends reacting with white fuming nitric acid (WFNA) are investigated using drop test approach. Morphology results from two high speed cameras and temperature profiles from an infrared camera are combined in analyzing the hypergolic process. A typical hypergolic process observed in this work involves a mixing dominant stage, a stage with moderate temperature rising and vapor/secondary droplets emerging, and a stage with violent temperature rising accompanied by flame occurrence. Two kinds of delay times are used to characterize the hypergolic process which are found to be nonmonotonic with the variations of FA fractions. FA, though not hypergolic with WFNA, exhibits extensive pre-ignition heat release due to its physical and chemical properties, which enhances the hypergolic process of [AMIM][DCA]/FA blends with WFNA.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
航空航天工程
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燃烧科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Xiaoyuan Chen,Xi Chen,Bin Zhang,Tuan Zhao,Jia Zhao,Kangzhen Xu,Suhang Chen
Microwave ignition technology holds transformative potential in multi-point simultaneous uniform ignition for propulsion systems and energy conversion, attributable to its non-intrusive energy delivery and rapid response characteristics, yet it faces challenges in igniting metallic fuels like aluminum (Al) particles inert to microwaves. To address this critical problem of microwave energy coupling inefficiency in Al, interfacial layers of PF (C 8 H 12 ClNO 2 and CF 3 (CF 2 ) 7 CH 2 CH 2 SH) and APTES (C 9 H 23 NO 3 Si) were constructed to introduce chemical bonding and electrostatic adsorption on the Al surface, followed by inducing CUFO (CuFe 2 O 4 ) dielectric interface anchoring and forming Al@PF@CUFO and Al@APTES@CUFO. This construction of core/shell not only shortens the mass and heat transfer distance but also enhances the interfacial polarization, leading to a strong response to microwaves. Microwave ignition analysis indicates that Al@APTES@CUFO (23.41 ms) exhibits a shorter ignition delay time compared to Al@PF@CUFO (29.51 ms), which can be attributed to the superior bridging capability and rapid decomposition of APTES. APTES not only shortens mass and heat transfer pathways but also facilitates rapid microwave energy absorption by Al/CUFO under microwave irradiation, generating localized hotspots and accelerating the ignition reaction kinetics. Furthermore, Al@PF@CUFO reveals a 327% increase in combustion rate compared to Al@APTES@CUFO, attributed to the fluorination reaction induced by PF decomposition and carbon catalysis derived from the decomposition of PDA. These findings establish dielectric interface engineering as a paradigm-shifting approach to overcome microwave ignition barriers in metallic fuels, with implications for next-generation microwave-controlled solid propellants, pyrotechnics, explosives, etc.
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高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2025
·
IF 9.5
Chuntian Li,Hanwen Zhang,Zhidong Wang,Lian Li,Ruiqi Shen,Luigi T. De Luca,Wei Zhang
Hydroxylamine nitrate-based gel propellant (HAN-GP) materials have received attention due to their special electro-ignition properties, repeatable ignition characteristics, and green, pollution-free advantages. However, as a gel material, HAN-GP has higher conductivity than solid materials, which leads to reduced heat accumulation and may act as a conductor, thereby extending the ignition delay time and greatly limiting its application as a fuel for microthrusters. In this study, a copper-catalyzed HAN-GP was reported, which advances the decomposition temperature of the propellant and increases the heat transfer rate during the propellant's electrolytic process, thereby shortening ignition delay and achieving efficient combustion. By adding 0.2% copper powder, the decomposition temperature of the modified propellant is 77 °C lower than that of the baseline. At room temperature (30 °C), HAN-GP containing 0.2% copper powder (sample 3) increased the thermal diffusivity from 0.12 to 0.55 mm2 s−1 and the thermal conductivity from 0.08 to 0.16 W m−1 K−1, significantly enhancing its thermal conduction performance and heat transfer efficiency. Due to early thermal decomposition and rapid heat conduction effects, the ignition delay of sample 3 (300 ms) was reduced by 64% compared to the baseline (839 ms) at 225 V and 8 mL min−1. The total energy consumption of sample 3 decreased from 2500 J to 1800 J at 225 V and 4 mL min−1, which is a reduction of 28%. Additionally, it was found that its ignition energy could be further reduced to 30 J after multiple ignitions.
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高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
·
2024
·
IF 4.9
Xueqin Liao,Longjin Du,Jiangfeng Pei,Yiwen Hu,Jianzhong Liu
The combustion efficiency of Al is usually not high due to the influence of alumina film and agglomeration. Therefore, finding ways to enhance the ignition and combustion performance of Al is important. Herein, a simple one-step recrystallization method was used to prepare the Al@ citric acid (CA) sample. The results showed that the one-step recrystallization method could well coat CA on the outer surface of Al particles and could etch Al particles uniformly. After modification by CA, Al was more prone to thermal oxidation. Compared with pure Al, the addition of CA resulted in shorter ignition delay time, longer combustion time, increased combustion intensity, and weakened agglomeration degree. Condensed combustion products (CCPs) showed that Al sintered significantly during combustion, forming a large agglomerate. The CCPs of Al@CA were more dispersed and had many hollow shell particles. Furthermore, the addition of CA led to a decrease in the active Al content and an increase in the α-Al 2 O 3 content in CCPs. The above phenomena indicated that CA could significantly improve the combustion efficiency of Al. At last, the possible mechanism of CA promoting the ignition and combustion of Al was proposed. Overall, the enhancement of Al combustion performance by CA is attributed to the etching and coating effects of CA. Hoping that this paper will provide a possible pathway for exploring ways to improve Al combustion efficiency.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧学
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DOI
高影响因子
COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 1.9
Hongxia Zhang,Fei Xiao
Incorporating fluorine-containing organic compounds onto the surface of aluminum powder in order to reduce the mass transfer distance and increase the heat transfer efficiency during the combustion of aluminum powder and fluoride is a difficult problem to solve due to the fact that aluminum powder contains almost no chemical functional groups. Herein, monodisperse Al@PVDF microspheres were prepared by a simple dry-spray method by directly combining Al powder and PVDF. The contents of PVDF and Al in Al@PVDF microspheres can be adjusted arbitrarily. PVDF can be tightly and uniformly bound on the surface of aluminum particles by characterization of Al@PVDF microspheres. Al@PVDF microspheres can improve the hydrophobic properties of aluminum powder and effectively inhibit the corrosion of water and strong alkaline solutions on aluminum. Al@PVDF microspheres exhibit greater hydrophobicity than aluminum powder and are capable of efficiently inhibiting the corrosion of aluminum by water and strong alkaline solutions. Additionally, the ignition and reaction performance of Al@PVDF microspheres under high temperature conditions are also studied in detail. Al@PVDF microspheres exhibit lower ignition temperature and higher reactivity than pure aluminum powder. Al@PVDF microspheres can also effectively suppress the combustion agglomeration of aluminum powders.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
燃烧科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）