JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 142
·期 4
·e56404
·
IF 2.7
Song Li,Lingbo Dong,Jinyi Jia,Licong Jiang,Zhenxiang Xin,Wei Liu,Lin Li
A large amount of smoke will be produced during the combustion of ethylene propylene diene monomer(EPDM), which seriously endangers the environment and personal safety. In this study, K-SEP was obtained by modifying sepiolite with KH550, and two bio-based flame retardant and smoke suppression systems AEGS and PEGS were prepared by combining ammonium polyphosphate intumescent flame retardant system (AEG) and piperazine pyrophosphate intumescent flame retardant system (PEG), respectively. The flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of AEGS and PEGS on EPDM matrix composites were investigated. The experimental results show that the LOI values of EPDM/AEGS3 and EPDM/PEGS3 composites with 3 phr K-SEP are 8.1% and 5.5% higher than those of the blank samples without sepiolite. TSP decreased by 26.3% and 14.3% respectively, which proved that sepiolite has important research value in the field of flame retardant and smoke suppression of polymer materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2018
·Vol. 30
·期 3
·563-572
·
IF 2.137
Xiang Dong,Ruxiang Qin,Shibin Nie,Jinian Yang,Chi Zhang,Wei Wu
Reducing the fire hazard of polypropylene (PP) is an important research direction in the fields of fire safety materials. In this article, a novel Ni-containing char-forming agent (TTPN) was successfully synthesized, using tris(2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate (THEIC), terephthalic acid, and nickel dihydrogen phosphate. Then, TTPN was combined with the silica-gel microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (OS-MCAPP) to prepare intumescent flame retardant PP composites. From the results of the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test and cone calorimeter, the composite containing 30% IFR (OS-MCAPP: TTPN = 3:2) shows the highest LOI value of 33.5%, and its peak heat release rate is 275.5 kWm −2 , decreased by 79.0% and 37.4% than those of pure PP and the composite containing the char-forming agent without Ni. Meanwhile, the composite containing TTPN present the best smoke and CO 2 /CO suppression. The results indicate that TTPN has an excellent ability to dramatically reduce the fire hazard of PP.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
消防安全
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2019
·Vol. 136
·期 25
·47593
·
IF 2.188
Rong Yang,Binbin Ma,Xin Zhang,Jinchun Li
A macromolecular intumescent flame retardant (FR) named PPPAP was designed and synthesized with phosphorus chloride (the acid source), 2,6,7-trioxa- l -phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]-octane-4-methanol (the charring agent), and anhydrous piperazine (the blowing agent). Then, it was used to prepare an intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene (FR-PP). The thermal stability, flame retardancy, and fire performance of the FR-PPs were investigated. The results show that the initial decomposition temperature and char residue at 700 °C of PPPAP were 260.8 °C and 31.8%, respectively. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of polypropylene (PP) was enhanced with increasing PPPAP content. With the addition of 40 wt % PPPAP, the LOI value of FR-PP was 29%, and it passed the vertical burning UL-94 V-0 rating. The cone calorimetry results indicate that not only the peak heat-release rate but also the total smoke production of PP significantly decreased to 65.7 and 79.5%, respectively, with the incorporation of only 20 wt % PPPAP. The FR mechanism suggested that PPPAP played a part in both the gas and condensed phases, and the formation of the intumescent char layer during combustion was the dominant FR mechanism. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 47593.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2020
·Vol. 55
·期 27
·12836-12847
·
IF 3.553
Zhu Zongmin,Lin Panlong,Wang Hao,Wang Luoxin,Yu Bin,Yang Feihua
Abstract In order to improve the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of epoxy resin (EP) simultaneously, we synthesized a melamine phenylhypophosphonate named as MABP via a simple one-step method and used it to modify EP materials. As expected, the addition of MABP not only largely improved the flame retardancy but also restrained the smoke release of EP. For details, when the content of MABP was 10 wt%, the EP composite possessed a limiting oxygen index value of 33% and achieved to a UL-94 V-0 rating as well as its PHRR, THR and TSP values decreased by 55.1%, 27.1% and 60% compared with that of neat EP, respectively. In addition, the flame-retardant mechanism was investigated by multiple instruments, and the corresponding results exhibited that the MABP could improve the compactness of char layer in condense phase and exerted fire-inhibition effect in gaseous phase. Graphic abstract
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Scientific Reports
·
2020
·Vol. 10
·期 1
·1-12
·
IF 3.998
Bo Caiying,Shi Zhongyu,Hu Lihong,Pan Zheng,Hu Yun,Yang Xiaohui,Jia Puyou,Ren Xiaoli,Zhang Meng,Zhou Yonghong
A novel eco-friendly halogen-free cardanol-based flame retardant with P, Si, and N on the chain backbone (PSNCFR) was synthesized and incorporated into phenolic foams (PFs). PSNCFR was comprehensively investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. PSNCFR endowed PFs with flame retardancy, contributed to generating a composite char defense against flames, and efficiently prevented smoking from PFs. PSNCFR introduction improved the flexural strength of the PFs to approximately 155% of that of pristine PF. PSNCFR-modified PFs displayed a high limiting oxygen index value of 41.9%. The results of cone calorimeter show that the mean heat release rate, mean effective heat of combustion, and total heat release of the PSNCFR-modified PFs reduced by 26.92%, 35.71%, and 31.25%, respectively. In particular, the total smoke production of the PSNCFR-modified PFs decreased by 64.55%, indicating excellent smoke inhibition. As for the mechanism, the condensation and gas phases during pyrolysis were responsible for the synergistic flame retardancy in the modified PFs. The findings demonstrate that PSNCFR can be used in PF preparation to overcome their drawbacks of internal brittleness and flammability.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2020
·Vol. 32
·期 1
·294-303
·
IF 2.578
Lei Li,Shan Li,Hao Wang,Zongmin Zhu,Xianze Yin,Jiawei Mao
In this work, a DOPO-based imidazolone derivative named DHI was synthesized using DOPO, 5-amino-2-benzimidazolinone and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde as raw materials. The chemical structure of DHI was characterized by 1 H-NMR, 31 P-NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). Then, a series of different flame-retardant epoxy resin (EP) thermosets were prepared by mixing flame retardant DHI. The thermal properties of the cured EPs was investigated by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and the results showed the thermal stability and glass transition temperature ( T g ) of the cured EP modified with DHI declined slightly compared with that of neat EP. The limited oxygen index (LOI) and UL94 test results exhibited DHI imparted good flame retardancy to EP. The EP-4 (phosphorus content of 1.25%) possessed a LOI value of 36.5% and achieved a V-0 rating. Furthermore, the peak of heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release rate (THR) of EP-4 decreased by 38.7% and 24.5%, respectively. Excitedly, the total smoke production (TSP) of EP-4 sample declined by 62.5%, which meant DHI also made EP obtain excellent smoke suppression property. Moreover, the flame-retardant mechanism was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). It was reasonable inferred that DHI could not only promote EP to form dense char layer in condensed phase, but also restrain combustion in gaseous phase through catching the free radicals sourced from the degradation of EP.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
·
2017
·Vol. 67
·期 4
·445-452
·
IF 2.07
Mengjiao Zhang,Weihong Wu,Shaorui He,Xue Wang,Yunhong Jiao,Hongqiang Qu,Jianzhong Xu
The synergistic effects of activated carbon (AC) and molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ) in improving the flame retardancy of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) were investigated. The effects of AC, MoO 3 and their mixture with a mass ratio of 1:1 on the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of PVC were studied using the limiting oxygen index and cone calorimeter tests. It was found that the flame retardancy of the relatively cheaper AC was slightly weaker than that of MoO 3 . In addition, the incorporation of AC and MoO 3 greatly reduced the total heat release and improved smoke suppressant property of PVC composites. When the total content of AC and MoO 3 was 10 phr, PVC/AC/MoO 3 had the lowest peak heat release rate and peak smoke production rate values of 173.80 kW m −2 and 0.1472 m 2 s −1 , which represented reductions of 47.3 and 59.9%, respectively, compared with those of PVC. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis and gel content tests were used to analyze the flame retardant mechanism of AC and MoO 3 , with results showing that AC could promote early crosslinking in PVC. Char residue left after heating at 500 °C was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy, and the results showed that MoO 3 produced the most compact char, with the smallest and most organized carbonaceous microstructures. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2022
·
IF 5.204
Wenwen Guo,Fuwei Liang,Shun Chen,Diantang Zhang,Wenbing Li,Kun Qian,Yang Xu,Bin Fei
A magnolol-derived bisphosphate (MBDPP) was successfully synthesized from the substitution reaction between magnolol and diphenyl phosphoryl chloride. MBDPP was subsequently applied for the fabrication of intrinsically anti-flammable bismaleimide (BMI) thermosets. The effect of MBDPP on the curing kinetics of BMI systems was investigated by the non-isothermal DSC technology, showing that the addition of MBDPP increased the reaction activation energy of the BMI system owing to the steric hindrance of MBDPP. With only 2 wt% of MBDPP, the BMI thermoset achieved an LOI of 35.0% and UL-94 V-0 grade. Besides, the PHRR, MARHE, THE, TSP and mean SEA of the BMI thermoset with 2 wt% of MBDPP were declined by 26%, 33%, 27%, 34% and 50%, respectively, compared to those of the unmodified BMI. The enhanced anti-flammability and smoke suppression performances of the BMI thermosets were attributed to the formation of an intact, expansive and thermally resistant char layer by the presence of MBDPP. Such a char layer effectively blocked the transportation of combustible degradation products to the flame and the thermal radiation of heat to the polymer matrix, so as to slow down the heat release rate and smoke emission.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2024
·
IF 4.4
Wenhui Rao,Changjiang Liu,Yun Zhao,Shuai He,Chuanbai Yu,Yu-Tao Wang,Hai-Bo Zhao
To endow epoxy resins (EPs) with outstanding flame-retardant and smoke-inhibiting effects, a multifunctional nanoparticle (SCP) has been designed and prepared via a simple approach, wherein Cu2O, melamine, and phosphorus-containing flame retardants were successively deposited onto the surface of silica nanospheres. The incorporation of a low addition amount of 2 wt % SCP within the EP demonstrates a significant improvement in flame retardancy. This enhancement is evidenced by a notable increase in the limiting oxygen index to 29.2% and attainment of a V-1 rating in the vertical burning test, in contrast to the respective values of 23.8% and no rating for unmodified EP, respectively. Moreover, the total smoke production, peak of heat release rate, and peak production rate of CO of EP/SCP-2 during the cone calorimeter test decreased by 10.2%, 26.1%, and 37.0%, respectively. Besides, the incorporation of 2 wt % SCP also endows the EP composites with commendable mechanical properties and glass transition temperature (Tg), as evidenced by a 22.5% increase in impact strength, an 8.1% rise in tensile strength, and a 9.5% increase in Tg, comparing with the unmodified EP. The flame-retardant mechanism analysis revealed that SCP functions within epoxy resin through both gas-phase and condensed-phase mechanisms. Overall, the proposed multifunctional nanoparticle strategy presents promising approaches for simultaneously enhancing the fire safety and mechanical performance of polymer materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2017
·
IF 6.216
Wei Cai,Ningning Hong,Xiaming Feng,Wenru Zeng,Yongqian Shi,Yi Zhang,Bibo Wang,Yuan Hu
The structure of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is similar to that of graphite and its practical application in polymer composites is blocked by incompatible surface nature. Here, we presented a facile method to simultaneously exfoliate and organically modify h-BN nanosheets with Lewis acid-base interaction. Due to the affinity of the nitrogen atoms, the synthesized nucleophilic flame retardant (Lewis bases) bonded with boron atoms of h-BN nanosheets (Lewis acids) and facilitated the direct exfoliation of bulk h-BN. The structure and morphology of flame retardant functionalized BN (f-BN) nanosheets were well characterized. Then performances of f-BN nanosheets as advanced nanofillers in TPU composites were investigated deeply. As confirmed by SEM, XRD, and TEM, f-BN nanosheets were well-dispersed in the TPU matrix and formed strong interfacial interaction with the polymer matrix. The dramatic barrier effect of f-BN nanosheets and intrinsic flame retardant of synthesized phosphonated polyethyleneimine (P-PEI) significantly improved thermal stability, fire safety, and smoke suppression of TPU composites. By adding 5.0 wt% f-BN nanosheets, the maximum mass loss rate, peak heat release rate (pHRR), and smoke produce rate (SPR) were decreased by 20.8 %, 68.0%, and 53.6%, respectively. Moreover, the mechanical properties of TPU composites were enhanced. The self-stiffen effect of TPU composites was successfully achieved: after 108 k dynamic compressive cycles, the storage modulus of TPU/f-BN-5.0 exhibits a 13.8% increase. Based on Lewis acid-base interaction, designing a nucleophilic flame retardant to simultaneously exfoliate and functionally modify h-BN nanosheets offers a promising avenue for the preparation of functionalized BN nanosheets, thus broadening its practical application in the polymer material field.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
聚合物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2021
·Vol. 33
·期 2
·534-545
·
IF 3.665
Chen Cheng,Yanling Lu,Junfeng Cai,Jun Yan,Shaojie Li,Shiguo Du
To improve the flame retardance and compatibility of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) via an environmentally friendly method, l -lysine (Lys), a bio-based amino acid, was selected as the surface-modifier for APP in this work. Lys-modified APP (L-APP) was prepared through the cation exchange reaction, and its morphology and chemical composition were characterized comprehensively. The characterization results demonstrated the fabrication of Lys shell structure on the surface of APP. Additionally, the thermogravimetric analysis illustrated that the char-forming ability of APP was significantly improved by the Lys shell structure. The flame retardance of APP and L-APP on epoxy resin (EP) was evaluated by the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94), and cone calorimeter tests (CCT). The results showed that EP blending with 15 wt% L-APP (EP/L-APP15) passed V-0 rating, and got an LOI value of 31.7%. In the CCT, compared to the pristine EP, the peak heat release rate and total smoke production of EP/L-APP15 were decreased by 77.6% and 47.1%, respectively. It was confirmed that the good flame retardance and smoke suppression performance of L-APP can be attributed to the phosphorus-containing intumescent char residuals formed during combustion process. The tensile strain tests were conducted to assess the mechanical properties of EP composites. The results demonstrated that compared to pristine APP, L-APP possessed weakened impact on the tensile strain property of EP, which was beneficial to the practical application.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MACROMOLECULAR MATERIALS AND ENGINEERING
·
2021
·Vol. 306
·期 11
·2100466
·
IF 4.367
Chang Liu,Ye Tao,Ying-Jun Xu,Yun Liu,Ping Zhu,Yu-Zhong Wang
There is a growing demand to develop epoxy resins (EP) with smoke suppression as well as satisfactory flame retardancy. Herein, bio-based cobalt alginate is successfully fabricated and incorporated into EP to prepare EP/Cobalt Alginate composites with better fire safety performance. The addition of cobalt alginate reduces the thermal-decomposition rate, temperature at maximum weight-loss rate of EP, whereas obviously improves the thermal stabilities at a higher temperature range. Furthermore, the addition of cobalt alginate substantially reduces the fire hazard of EP, resulting in 56.2% reduction in peak heat release rate, as well as 17.8% and 56.3% reduction in total smoke production and peak smoke production rate, respectively, compared with EP matrix. Moreover, the presence of cobalt alginate increases smoke-suppressant properties, according to the smoke density test. Additionally, the incorporation of cobalt alginate has no obviously destructive effect on the mechanical properties of EP, while EP/Cobalt Alginate-3 exhibits a 27.0% improvement in impact strength. In prospective, this study may provide a significant method for producing eco-friendly flame retardant EP.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
消防安全
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）