MOLECULES
·
2023
·Vol. 29
·期 1
·41
·
IF 4.6
Jianbin Luo,Xinbo Zhu,Zhiwei Zhong,Geng Chen,Yu Hong,Zijian Zhou
A series of Co-M (M = Fe, Cr, and Mn) catalysts were synthesized by the sol-gel method for soot oxidation in a loose contact mode. The Co-Fe catalyst exhibited the best catalytic activity among the tested samples, with the characteristic temperatures (T10, T50, and T90) of 470 °C, 557 °C, and 602 °C, respectively, which were 57 °C, 51 °C, and 51 °C lower than those of the CoOxcatalyst. Catalyst characterizations of N2adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photo-electron spectrometry (XPS), and the temperature programmed desorption of O2(O2-TPD) were performed to gain insights into the relationships between the activity of catalytic soot oxidation and the catalyst properties. The content of Co2+(68.6%) increased due to the interactions between Co and Fe, while the redox properties and the relative concentration of surface oxygen adsorption (51.7%) were all improved, which could significantly boost the activity of catalytic soot oxidation. The effects of NO and contact mode on soot oxidation were investigated over the Co-Fe catalyst. The addition of 1000 ppm of NO led to significant reductions in T10, T50, and T90by 92 °C, 106 °C, and 104 °C, respectively, compared to the case without the NO addition. In the tight contact mode, the soot oxidation was accelerated over the Co-Fe catalyst, resulting in 46 °C, 50 °C, and 50 °C reductions in T10, T50, and T90compared to the loose contact mode. The comparison between real soot and model Printex-U showed that the T50value of real soot (455 °C) was 102 °C lower than the model Printex-U soot.Keywords:soot oxidation;Co-based catalyst;NO;real soot;contact mode
研究领域:
催化化学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
·
2019
·
IF 4.12
Xingyan Tang,Cong Wang,Fanggang Zhang,Qianpeng Wang,Juan Wang,Sönke Seifert,Randall E. Winans
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique has been used to study soot formation and growth in an ethylene flame doped with Ni(acac) 2 (nickel acetylacetonate) at atmospheric pressure. An undoped flame under the same conditions was also studied to compare with the doped flame. The results show that the Ni(acac) 2 addition affects particle size, shape and morphology significantly at certain flame heights. It has reducing effect on the primary soot particle size at the flame heights between 17 and 34 mm. It delays the growth of primary soot particles at soot growth region. The soot volume fraction in the doped flame is smaller than that in the undoped flame by factors of 1.5–4 at different heights above the burner. In the most heights of the soot surface growth region (HAB = 13–30 mm), the Porod exponents for the doped flame are smaller than those in the undoped flame, suggesting that the addition of Ni(acac) 2 in the ethylene flame induces a rougher surface and more irregular shape of the soot primary particles.
研究领域:
燃烧科学
·
材料科学
·
物理化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Chemistry
·
2020
·
IF 1.79
Yuchen Ya,Xiaokang Nie,Licheng Peng,Longkai Xiang,Jialong Hu,Wenlong Dong,Huaqiang Chu
Laminar diffusion flame was used to study the effect of ethanol on n-heptane flame in terms of the morphology and microstructure of soot under atomization combustion. For the same carbon mass flux at the outlet of the burner, the ratio of ethanol doping in n-heptane was changed, and the soot was collected from the axial positions of the flame at different heights using the thermophoresis probe method. The results showed that the flame height increased significantly with the increasing ratio of ethanol doping. When the ratio of ethanol and n-heptane (CE/CN) was 1.5, the flame height increased by 10 mm compared with that of pure n-heptane flame. Besides, the temperature in the center of the flame decreased with the increasing ratio of ethanol doping, but the temperature in the low position was higher than that in the pure n-heptane flame, and the temperature in the high position was lower than that in the pure n-heptane flame. However, the flame temperature was the highest when the proportion of ethanol in the mixture was greater than that of n-heptane. The temperature at the flame center decreased with the increasing ratio of ethanol doping, while the temperature at the flame edge increased with the ratio. The primary particle size of soot (soot size hereafter) in all working conditions increased with the increase of flame height, which was in line with the general growth law of soot. Moreover, the soot size at the same height decreased with the increasing ratio of ethanol doping, and this trend was most obvious at the flame height of 20 mm and 30 mm. Compared with pure n-heptane, when CE/CN was 1.5, the soot size at 20 mm and 30 mm decreased by an average of 34.83%, indicating that ethanol could inhibit the surface growth of soot particle. Furthermore, the density of soot particles collected by a single copper net decreased significantly, indicating that ethanol could reduce the production amount of soot.
研究领域:
燃烧科学
·
环境工程
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
NANO
·
2016
·
IF 0.951
Guoliang Fan,Liu Zhao,Cairong Gong,Jia Ma,Gang Xue
Copper catalysts prepared using two kinds of supports (BaTiO 3 and Fe 2 O 3 @BaTiO 3 ) have been tested for soot combustion. Perovskite-type oxide BaTiO 3 shows excellent properties as support but has small specific surface area. Fe 2 O 3 @BaTiO 3 core/shell microspheres, as improved support of BaTiO 3 support, were fabricated by a hydrothermal-annealing approach. Fe 2 O 3 @BaTiO 3 support has large specific surface area, which optimizes the contact condition of the gas-soot-catalyst three-phase reaction. Due to the Cu-Fe 2 O 3 @BaTiO 3 interaction, the redox properties of copper are improved. Soot combustion is tested under O 2 gas flow and NO x /O 2 gas flow, and Fe 2 O 3 @BaTiO 3 supported copper catalyst (Cu/Fe 2 O 3 @BaTiO 3 ) all shows higher catalytic activity and CO 2 selectivity than BaTiO 3 supported copper catalyst (Cu/BaTiO 3 ) .
研究领域:
催化化学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Surfaces and Interfaces
·
2024
·
IF 5.7
Wei Zhao,Ruixuan Weng,Huimin Shi,Xueyi Mei,Weiming Nie,Yexin Zhang,Zhaoliang Zhang,Ying Xin,Peng Lu,Jian Zhang,Pu-Xian Gao
In coping with the rapid emission of massive soot particles during the cold starts of diesel vehicles, achieving rapid catalytic soot combustion at low temperatures is a formidable challenge. Herein, we developed an electricity-pulse-sparked catalysis (EPSC) strategy on a conductive LaCoO 3 perovskite catalyst, creating instantaneous soot combustion. As soon as 800 J of electricity pulse is applied, approximately 80 % of soot is combusted within 1 min at <300 °C, exhibiting the higher reaction rates (180−1300 µmol g cat −1 s −1 ) and energy efficiencies (18−100 g soot kWh −1 ) than previously reported results for catalytic soot combustion. Moreover, the EPSC eliminates the gap of contact between soot and catalyst that is a longstanding bottleneck for the specific solid (soot)-solid (catalyst)-gas (O 2 ) reaction, which can be synchronized with the frequently engine start/stop operations, demonstrating potential to address the challenges of soot emissions for hybrid powers.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 2.8
Xuan Zhao,Dandan Qi,Kaixuan Yang,Chen Chen,Lei Xu,Yaoyao Ying,Tianjiao Li,Guangxue Zhang,Dong Liu
The effects of four butanol isomers additions on sooting transition process were studied in iso -octane counterflow diffusion flame combining flame luminosity characteristics and gas-phase combustion chemistry. Flame luminosity characteristics was obtained to determine the sooting transition points of all investigated flames with homemade image processing and transition point extraction methods. The results indicated that the delay effect has occurred on sooting transition point in four blended flames with a little difference. Gas-phase combustion chemistry of the different flames in sooting transition process was studied experimentally by an online GC system as well as numerically by kinetic analysis realized with two distinct kinetic mechanisms. In addition, soot formation characteristics have also been qualitatively analyzed with soot model . Experiments and simulations show that, depending on the butanol isomer, the intermediate species production is clearly different. These different species pools play an important role on soot formation pathways as demonstrated by the simulations. Although n -butanol and sec -butanol were weaker in benzene formation, stronger C 2 H 2 production capacity was dominant in PAHs growth. Tert -butanol had the highest C 6 H 6 concentration with a ratio of 7 %−15 % higher than the other isomers due to the strongest IC 4 H 8 production capacity. Therefore, its flame also has the highest PAHs concentration. Both effect mechanisms existed in iso -butanol blended flame.
研究领域:
能源科学
·
化学工程
·
燃烧学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2019
·
IF 5.128
Jia Fang,Rong Shi,Zhongwei Meng,Yuan Jiang,Zihan Qin,Qian Zhang,Yuan Qin,Jie Tan,Weilian Bai
The interaction effect of catalyst and ash on commercial carbon black (Printex U, PU) oxidation is investigated using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The presence of commercial catalysts TiO 2 and CeO 2 decrease the start, peak and end temperatures of soot oxidation, and increase the comprehensive oxidation index. Compared with PU/TiO 2 mixture, PU/CeO 2 mixture has lower activation energy and higher comprehensive oxidation index because CeO 2 has the higher oxygen storage and better active oxygen generation capacities. The impact of CeO 2 is shown to be the most significant at 1:5 wt ratio between soot and catalyst among various ratios. Compared with pure PU, the comprehensive oxidation index for 1:5 wt ratio of PU/CeO 2 increases from 0.97*10 −7 % 2 min −2 °C −3 to 1.58*10 −7 % 2 min −2 °C −3 . The comprehensive oxidation index can further increase by adding ashes. Compared with PU/CeO 2 /Al 2 O 3 , PU/CeO 2 /MgO and PU/CeO 2 /CaSO 4 mixtures, PU/CeO 2 /ZnO mixture has the maximum comprehensive oxidation index. The most significant impact of potential ash on PU/CeO2 is observed with 1:5:5 wt ratio of PU/CeO 2 /ZnO among soot, catalyst and ash, which has the maximum comprehensive oxidation index 2.41*10 −7 % 2 min −2 °C −3 . The comprehensive oxidation index of 1:5:5 wt ratio of PU/CeO 2 /ZnO increases by 148% compared with pure PU. This work is beneficial to demonstrate the interaction mechanism of the catalyst and ash on soot oxidation process under O 2 /N 2 atmosphere.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Catalysis Science & Technology
·
2017
·Vol. 7
·期 15
·3268-3274
·
IF 5.773
Yanxiu Gao,Weinan Yang,Xiaodong Wu,Shuang Liu,Duan Weng,Rui Ran
Platinum nanoparticles were synthesized by a classic polyol process in ethylene glycol. The Pt nanoparticles were loaded on H-ZSM5 and γ-Al2O3 supports by wet impregnation. The as-obtained solid was thermally treated in a two-step procedure to remove the organic residues. Due to their larger particle size than the micropore size of H-ZSM5, the impregnated Pt particles were dispersed on the external surface of the zeolite support. With similar Pt particle size distribution and Pt loading, the Pt/H-ZSM5 and Pt/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were evaluated for the oxidation of NO and soot. Despite its lower activity for NO oxidation to NO2, the Pt/H-ZSM5 exhibited a much higher activity for soot oxidation in the presence of NO + O2. This abnormal NOx-assisted soot oxidation behaviour of Pt/H-ZSM5 was explained by the promoting effect of the acid sites on the zeolite.
研究领域:
催化化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
·
2023
·Vol. 148
·期 21
·12311-12320
·
IF 4.4
Fang Jia,Yi Chengcheng,Pu Ping,Chen Chen,Yang Yi,Wang Jiaxin,Lin Bin
Ag/CeO 2 catalyst is synthesized by hydrothermal method, which has been studied under the effects of different catalyst content, ash and Ag load through activity and characterization tests. Ag loading increases the catalytic activity of CeO 2 , and the peak combustion temperature of soot decreases by 74 °C. The catalytic effect of Ag/CeO 2 is affected by catalyst content, Ag load and ash content. The optimum mass ratio of soot/catalyst is 1/10, and 10 mass% is the saturation value of Ag loading at CeO 2 . Ash inhibits the promoting effect of Ag/CeO 2 in the oxidation process of soot. This study provides a theoretical basis for the industrial application of Ag/CeO 2 catalyst in gasoline engine and also provides a research idea for the low-temperature oxidation of soot.
研究领域:
催化
·
环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MOLECULES
·
2025
·Vol. 30
·期 5
·1161
·
IF 4.6
Jia Fang,Kejian Wang,Peng Chen,Xilong Xu,Chengzhuang Zhang,Yi Wu,Yan Yan,Zinong Zuo
In this study, a series of cerium dioxide catalysts with varying hydrothermal temperatures and times were synthesized using the hydrothermal method, without the use of templates. The impact of varying hydrothermal conditions on the activity of cerium dioxide catalysts was investigated through experiments to examine their oxidation characteristics in soot combustion. Among the conditions tested, the hydrothermal conditions of 140 °C and 6 h yielded the most optimal catalytic oxidation of soot, with a combustion characteristic temperature ( T p ) of 552 °C and a reduction of 122.9 °C. The integrated combustion index ( S ) and combustion stability coefficient ( R w ) were found to be 27.97 × 10 8 % 2 min −2 °C −3 and 90.76 × 10 5 , respectively. The indices of S and R w exhibited an improvement of 51.1% and 36.93%, respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2022
·
IF 8.035
Yang Liu,Xiaobei Cheng,Yuchen Ya,Bowen Wang,Pu Zhang,Kai Zhang,Yishu Xu
PODE 3 , with the molecular formula of CH 3 O(CH 2 O) 3 CH 3 , is considered a highly competitive alternative fuel due to the absence of C C bond and its high oxygen content, and have been shown to significantly reduce soot emission when applied as a diesel fuel additive. However, the effect of PODE 3 addition on the oxidation reactivity of soot generated in the flame remains unclear which is of great importance for the optimal design of the post-treatment devices during its application. In this work, the impact of PODE 3 (0 %, 10 %, and 20 % by volumetric fraction) addition on the oxidation reactivity of soot at different maturity and oxidation degrees in n -heptane/toluene co-flow diffusion flames was specially investigated combining information on thermogravimetric analysis, high-resolution transmission electron microscope, and Raman spectroscopy. Results showed that PODE 3 substitution significantly shrank soot generation region, and increased the flame temperatures before height above burner (HAB) < 45 mm. The addition of PODE 3 improved the soot oxidation reactivity, which had a strong ability to hinder the growth of the microcrystalline carbon layers and resulted in a high content of amorphous carbon in soot particles. Specifically, it had more significant impacts on the soot in the oxidation stage than the surface growth stage. These can be explained that with PODE 3 addition, on the one hand, the “reliable carbon atom” for soot formation is significantly reduced and the amount of oxidizing species is increased, resulting in a smaller particle size and a higher content of disordered and amorphous carbon in soot particles. On the other hand, the flame temperatures increased where HAB < 45 mm, which would promote the soot formation reactions. The combined effects of these factors make PODE 3 have more significant inhibitory impacts in reactivity of soot sampled at oxidation stage than that at surface growth stage. Therefore, the impact of PODE 3 addition on soot nanostructures and oxidation reactivity is not only reflected in its chemical effect but also in temperature effect.
研究领域:
燃烧学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nanomaterials
·
2019
·Vol. 9
·期 8
·1115
·
IF 4.034
Chuan Li,Mingling Li,Xinyun Wang,Weimin Feng,Qiangqiang Zhang,Bo Wu,Xianguo Hu
The objective of this study was to investigate the roles and tribological mechanisms of onion-like carbon nanoparticles derived from biodiesel soot (BDS) when applied in water (H2O) and liquid paraffin (LP). In this study, we prepared nitric acid-treated BDS (NA-BDS) as an additive to H2O and NA-BDS modified with oleylamine (NA-BDS-OLA) as an additive to LP. Raman spectroscopy, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potentiometry were used to characterize the results of the nitric acid treatment and oleylamine modification. The tribological behaviors and corresponding mechanisms of the new onion-like carbon nanoparticles were evaluated using a ball-on-disc reciprocating tribometer, as well as field-emission scanning electron microscopy, three-dimensional laser scanning microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that the additives NA-BDS and NA-BDS-OLA, which were onion-like carbon nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 35 to 40 nm, enhanced the antiwear and friction reduction properties of H2O and LP, respectively. Through tribo-mechanisms, these types of soot can serve as spacers and ball bearings between the rubbing surfaces. Moreover, exfoliation under a high load as a result of the formation of a graphitic layer facilitates easy shearing.Keywords:biodiesel soot;carbon nanoparticles;onion-like;lubricant additive
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
·
摩擦学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）