POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2019
·Vol. 30
·期 9
·2331-2339
·
IF 2.162
Hao Tang,ZongMin Zhu,Rui Chen,JunJie Wang,Hong Zhou
A novel DOPO-based pyrazine derivative 6-((2-hydroxyphenyl)(pyrazin-2-ylamino)methyl)dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide (DHBAP) was triumphantly synthesized by a two-step addition reaction using 2-aminopyrazine, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) as reactants, and characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), 31 P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 1 H NMR. Afterwards, the addition type flame retardant (DHBAP) was utilized to modify epoxy resin (EP) by blending method. When the content of DHBAP in neat EP was 8 wt%, it reached to the V-0 rating and the limited oxygen index (LOI) value up to 34.0%. Furthermore, according to the cone calorimeter (CC) test results, the heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), smoke produce rate (SPR) and total smoke production (TSP) of EP/8% DHBAP decreased by 26.3%, 21.3%, 37.0% and 60.9% when compared with neat EP, respectively, indicating that DHBAP had good inhibition on heat and smoke releases. Eventually, the flame-retardant mechanism of DHBAP was further explored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The results showed that DHBAP had good flame-retardant activity in the gasous-condensed two phases.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2014
·
IF 2.633
Jun-Bo Zhang,Xiu-Li Wang,Qiu-Xia He,Hai-Bo Zhao,Yu-Zhong Wang
Poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCT) is a commercialized semicrystalline high-temperature thermoplastic polyester, but its flammability restricted its applications in some fields. A third monomer , 2-(6-oxido-6H-dibenz < c,e > <1,2> oxaphosphorin-6-yl)-1,4-hydroxyethoxy phenylene (DOPO-HQ-HE), was used to synthesize an intrinsic flame-retardant copolyester through trans-esterification and polycondensation . Its chemical structure was confirmed by 1 H NMR and ICP-AES. The crystallization behavior of PCTDs was investigated by DSC and WAXD , and found that the introduction of DOPO-HQ-HE slightly reduced the crystallization ability of PCT. TGA results showed that the incorporation of phosphorus-containing monomer improved the thermal stability of copolyesters both in nitrogen and air. Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method was used to analyze the thermal degradation kinetics of copolyesters, and found that the apparent activation energy was enhanced. The microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) showed that PCTDs had lower heat release rate and total heat release than PCT. The results of the limiting oxygen index (LOI), the UL-94 vertical and the cone calorimeter test indicated that DOPO-HQ-HE endowed PCTDs with flame-retardant properties to some extent. Besides this, the cone calorimeter results show that the introduction of DOPO-HQ-HE remarkably suppressed the smoke release of PCT. The pyrolysis behaviors of PCT and PCTDs were investigated by Py-GC-MS, and found that the decomposition of PCT chains usually happened at ester bond and followed the random chain scission mechanism. The introduction of DOPO-HQ-HE almost had no effect on the thermal degradation mechanism of PCT.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH
·
2021
·Vol. 29
·期 1
·1-15
·
IF 3.097
He Tingxiang,Guo Junhong,Qi Chengxia,feng Rui,Yang Baoping,Zhou Yingping,Tian Li,Cui Jinfeng
Phosphorus-containing organic–inorganic hybrid flame retardant with core–shell structure (Salen-PZN-Cu@Ni-Mof) was prepared. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that when the additive amount was only 3wt%, the introduction of Salen-PZN-Cu@Ni-Mof significantly improved the thermal stability of epoxy resin (EP) composites. The results of the cone calorimeter test showed that adding 3wt% Salen-PZN-Cu@Ni-Mof made the peak of heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR) and total smoke production (TSP) of epoxy resin composites reduced by 30.4%, 10.8%, 29.5% and 6.8%, respectively. It was proved that Salen-PZN-Cu@Ni-Mof could significantly enhance the fire safety of epoxy resin composites, which was attributed to the synergetic combination of the flame retardant effect of the phosphazene structure itself, the catalyzed carbon formation of various metal ions and the porous mof materials with strong adsorption properties. Besides, it was found that the Ni-Mof could strengthen the compatibility between the flame retardant and the EP matrix effectively through the tensile test. The novel core–shell structure flame retardant Salen-PZN-Cu@Ni-Mof promised to be a functional filler that integrated features of flame retardancy and high ductility.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE
·
2021
·
IF 5.467
Hefu Li,Dan Meng,Peng Qi,Jun Sun,Hongfei Li,Xiaoyu Gu,Sheng Zhang
Aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) is an effective flame retardant to thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), but it also results in increase on smoke release caused by the presence of phosphorus groups. In this work, a novel synergistic flame retardant was fabricated from metal organic framework (ZIF-8) and sepiolite (SEP). For the compsosite of TPU/8.0AHP/1.0ZIF-8@SEP, limiting oxygen index (LOI) reached 27.5% and it satisfied the UL-94 V-0 grade. The heat release rate and the total heat release decreased by 78.9% and 39.1% compared with the control TPU respectively. The increased smoke production caused by AHP was partly adsorbed by ZIF-8@SEP, therefore, the sample of TPU/8.0AHP/1.0ZIF-8@SEP showed the lowest smoke release in cone calorimeter test. Unsimilar as other flame retardant, the using of 8.0AHP/1.0 ZIF-8@SEP just brought less than 2.0% loss on tensile strength and 7.8% drop on the elongation at break of TPU. Consequently, the ZIF-8@SEP was documented as excellent synergistic flame retardant for TPU and it brought limited damage on mechanical performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
REACTIVE & FUNCTIONAL POLYMERS
·
2023
·
IF 5.1
Yadong Wang,Li Ma,Jun Yuan,Xianze Yin,Hua Wang,Chunzu Cheng,Luoxin Wang,Zongmin Zhu,Yunxuan Weng
With the specialization and diversification of the use environment of composite products, composite materials should have good comprehensive properties. Abiding by this target, we successfully prepared a transparent epoxy resin (EP) composite with flame retardancy, low smoke, enhanced toughness, high glass transition temperature by blending the flame-retardant POI synthesized in this work. POI was synthesized from phosphophenanthrene, vanillin and histidine , and the combination of these three raw meticulously selected endowed POI molecule with excellent versatility. EP composite modified with 10 wt% POI (EP/POI-10) obtained a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.5% and received the V-0 grade (UL-94). The reduction of total smoke production by 78.1% via cone calorimeter tests was obtained. The impact strength of EP/POI-7 increased by 48.2% due to the energy dissipation of cracks from POI. The comprehensive analysis of the dual-phase revealed that the improvement of flame retardance was attributed to the joint action of the gaseous phosphorus free radicals quenching and the protecting of condensed coke. Moreover, EP/POI obtained high glass transition temperature as well as good transparency.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·Vol. 141
·期 36
·e55918
·
IF 2.7
Juan Chai,Yaxin Hou,Yanhui Zhang,Yan Xia,Shiya Ran,Shengyan Wang,Nianfu Chen,Zhenghong Guo,Juan Li,Zhengping Fang
Inspired by the significant catalytic charring effect of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), Cu-MOF decorated ammonium polyphosphate (APP@Cu-MOF) was prepared by coupling agents to improve the fire safety of epoxy resin (EP). After adding 9 wt% APP@Cu-MOF, the fire performance of EP is significantly improved with limiting oxide index (LOI) value of 29.4 and UL-94 V-0 rating. The peak heat release rate (PHRR), total smoke production (TSP), CO production, and CO 2 production of EP composite samples decreased by 34.6%, 54.7%, 24.6% and 30.0%, respectively. It is proposed that the synergistic effect among Cu-MOF and APP promoted the char formation of EP. The dense carbon layers formed a barrier that prevented the transfer of heat and inhibited the release of toxic gases, thus acting as a flame retardant. This work provides a new strategy to develop a high-efficient MOF-decorated flame retardant with smoke inhibition, toxicity reduction, and catalytic carbonization effect.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
防火安全
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
·
2019
·
IF 6.864
Sheng Shang,Xiao Ma,Bihe Yuan,Gongqing Chen,Yaru Sun,Chuyuan Huang,Song He,Huaming Dai,Xianfeng Chen
A novel nano-clay flame retardant (HNTs@MEL-PA) is prepared by modifying halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with supramolecular self-assembly technology using melamine (MEL) and bio-based phytic acid (PA) as the building blocks. Transmission electron microscopy images and Fourier transform infrared spectra show that the surface of HNTs is successfully decorated with MEL-PA supramolecular aggregates by hydrogen bonding . The feasibility of using HNTs@MEL-PA as a flame retardant for polypropylene (PP) is explored. Compared with PP/HNTs composites, the dispersion of HNTs@MEL-PA and its interfacial interactions with PP matrix are greatly improved. Heat release of PP is decreased in a certain degree and its smoke release is greatly reduced by HNTs@MEL-PA. With the addition of 15 wt% HNTs@MEL-PA, total smoke production of PP is decreased from 15.7 to 10.2 m 2 , indicating the greatly improved fire safety. Flame retardant and smoke suppression mechanisms of HNTs@MEL-PA are proposed based on thermal decomposition results and the analysis on char residue .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
·
2018
·
IF 6.434
Guang Yang,Wei-Hong Wu,Yong-Hui Wang,Yun-Hong Jiao,Liang-Yao Lu,Hong-Qiang Qu,Xin-Ying Qin
A novel compound containing active amine groups of polyphosphazene (PBFA) was successfully synthesized and applied as a reactive flame-retardant additive in epoxy (EP) resin. It was synthesized from N-aminoethylpiperazine and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene using a simple method, and its structure was well-characterized. The results indicated that introducing PBFA into EP composites significantly improves the resistance to fire and suppresses smoke generation. An EP composite with 9.0 wt% PBFA can pass the vertical burning tests V-0 rating, the peak heat release rate and total heat release of the sample decreased by 46.7% and 29.3%, respectively. Moreover, it decreased the total smoke release by 48.0%. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the presence of PBFA can accelerate EP decomposition at comparatively low temperatures and lead to the formation of a stable char layer, which protects the matrix from fire, therefore improving the amount of char residue at 800 °C. The degree of small molecule degradation characterized by gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer, which was lower than that of pure EP, demonstrating that PBFA reduces the risk of fire. The glass transition temperature of EP composites increased with the amount of PBFA increasing owing to the presence of active amine groups. Notably, its mechanical properties were not degraded.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
·
2021
·Vol. 24
·期 4
·2101044
·
IF 3.862
Shibo Wang,Penghao Sun,Xu Xu,He Liu,Dan Wang,Xujuan Huang
Environmentally friendly flame retardant such as polysiloxane has long been sought for varied studies in recent years and can be further improved to overcome the challenges of additional applications. Herein, a novel synergistic-effect flame retardant containing Si and P is synthesized. Si-P containing flame retardant (DOPO-MGSO) is then added into a network to fabricate rigid polyurethane foam via a one-step process. The bio-renewable resource maleopimaric acid (MPA) impedes conversion of the cyclic siloxane, thereby enhancing the compactness of the silica layer in condensed phase. Furthermore, the DOPO groups quench free radicals in the gas phase. Compared with the unmodified sample, the limiting oxygen index of the modified foam increases from 17.1% to 25.2%. Moreover, CONE tests show that the peak heat release rate decreases from 260.1 to 136.2 kW m −1 (close to 50%) after modification. Importantly, the generation of silica-rich char significantly reduces the total smoke release (decrease from 1154.4 to 715.9 m 2 m −2 ). In addition, the improvement of compressive strength benefits from the MPA rigid ring.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.8
Zheng Zhong,Aixun Ju,Quanming Li,Yanli Dou
At present, designing efficient bio-based flame retardants for epoxy resin (EP) and exploring low-toxicity and sustainable flame retardant strategies is still a great challenge. In this work, a novel bio-based hybrid flame retardant was successfully prepared by constructing a resveratrol-based cyclic cross-linked polyphosphazene (PPZ) shell on the surface of halloysite nanotube (HNT). The enhancement effects of HNT@PPZ on the fire safety of EP composites were investigated by thermal degradation, simulated fire performance (cone calorimeter test), gas-phase product analysis, and condensed-phase char residue analysis. Compared to pure EP, he total heat release (THR), total smoke production (TSP) and the average yield of carbon monoxide (Av-COY) of EP/3HNT@PPZ were reduced by 47.8 %, 46.5 % and 48.8 % respectively. Furthermore, the EP composites containing HNT@PPZ had a stable flame retardancy even after 6 months of natural aging. It was found the barrier effect of HNT@PPZ in condensed phase was further strengthened by the formation of new product aluminum phosphate, which formed a multiple protective char layer. Additionally, PPZ shell improved compatibility and dispersion of HNT in EP matrix, the mechanical properties of the composite with HNT@PPZ were improved significantly. This work proposed a feasible solution for the preparation of highly efficient bio-based flame retardants with excellent heat reduction and smoke toxicity reduction ability, which could be expected to broaden the application of biomass resources in the development of highly efficient flame retardants.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
·
2022
·
IF 4.778
Jianjian Luo,Congling Shi,Xiaodong Qian,Keqing Zhou
The flame-retardant efficiency of a single flame retardant is often not as expected, but the process of synthesizing new high-efficiency flame retardants is usually complicated and harsh. Here, a bio-based polyelectrolyte complexes (PA-Ni-PEI) was synthesized by reacting biomass phytic acid, nickel ion and polyethylenimine, and then incorporated into EP as a flame-retardant additive for improving the thermal stability and flame retardancy properties. When the adding of PA-Ni-PEI complexes is 2.0 wt%, the peak heat release rate (PHRR), the total heat release (THR), the total smoke release (TSR) and smoke factor (SF) with a reduction of 30.4%, 24.9%, 36.0% and 55.4%, respectively, and the char residue was improved by 53.9%, compared to EP. The improvement in fire safety was ascribed to the early degradation of EP catalyzed by the decomposition products of the composites, resulting in the formation of a dense, robust and stable cross-linked char layer to prevent heat and oxygen from contacting with epoxy resin . Simultaneously, water and nitrogen-containing incombustible gas are released to reduce the concentration of combustible gas. A new idea for the preparation of EP composites with excellent flame retardancy property was provided by this work.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 2.7
Huijie Qin,Tongwei Zhang,Lihong Bao,Bo Dang,Jianxi Li
Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) nanosheets are promising nanofillers for improving the properties of polymers, but low-cost, facile and green methods need to be further explored to meet the requirements for large-scale production of modified MoS 2 nanosheets. Here, we developed a new idea that is, to prepare MoS 2 @Ag by modifying the surface of MoS 2 using radiative reduction. It is noteworthy that the modified MoS 2 @Ag can effectively improve the mechanical strength of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) composites. In addition, the addition of MoS 2 @Ag was able to substantially improve the flame-retardant properties of EVA, resulting in a significant reduction in the amount of heat and smoke released from its combustion. When two parts of MoS 2 @Ag were added, the peak heat release rate and total smoke release of EVA/2.0MoS 2 @Ag composites were reduced by 29.7% and 39.2%, respectively, compared with that of pure EVA. At the same time, the toxic gases (e.g., CO) produced by the combustion of EVA composites were significantly reduced, which indicates an improvement in their fire safety.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
·
聚合物工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）