JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 140
·期 9
·e53567
·
IF 3.057
Licong Jiang,Ziwen Zhou,Feng Zhao,Song Li,Zhihua Liu,Xiaoyang Liu,Meiming Xu,Zhenxiang Xin,Shuai Zhao,Lin Li
Enteromorpha as a waste from marine pollution brings great pressure to environmental governance every year, especially for China. Under the premise of shortage of industrial materials, taking appropriate measures can turn waste into wealth, which will benefit us a lot. In this work, a bio-based reinforcing type flame retardant based on Enteromorpha is designed. The designed Enteromorpha based flame retardant system mainly is focused on the reinforcing action and the flame retardant effects on ethylene-propylene-diene tripolymer (EPDM) systemically. Therefore, with the emergence of innovate reinforcing type Enteromorpha flame retardants in the future, the application of Enteromorpha in the polymer flame retardants field will surely usher in bright development.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
聚合物工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES COMMUNICATIONS
·
2025
·
IF 7.7
Qinyong Liu,Jingfan Zhang,Ximei Wen,Baozhu Wang,Jun Sun,Hongfei Li,Xiaoyu Gu,Sheng Zhang
This research outlines a strategy to improve both the flame retardancy and water resistance of polyurea (PUA) while largely preserving its mechanical integrity. Aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) was coated by triphenyl phosphate (TPP), and the resultant TPP@AHP exhibited improved compatibility and hydrophobicity. Additionally, ZIF-8@MXene, a nanohybrid material combining a metal-organic framework with MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T x ) sheets, served as both a reinforcing filler and a synergistic flame retardant. The use of 17 wt% TPP@AHP and 1 wt% ZIF-8@MXene in PUA enabled the composite to achieve a UL-94 V-0 rating and to maintain a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 26.9% even after 7 days of water immersion. Cone calorimetry tests demonstrated that this formulation significantly reduced the peak heat release rate by 70.9%, total heat release by 30.8%, and smoke production by 32.1%. This work provided a feasible solution for preparing PUA composites with durable flame retardancy and qualified mechanical properties.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
防火材料
·
纳米技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
·
2024
·
IF 7.4
Zhongwei Wang,Yan Qing,Zhu Liu,Shasha Wang,Yiqiang Wu,Shoulu Yang
In this work, we developed a new methodology for generating hybrid wood materials through the in-situ hybridization of phosphotungstic acid (HPW) and organic amines at ambient temperature. By selecting specific molecules of organic amines, this innovative process produces rod-like (imidazole) and spherical (triethylamine) amphiphilic organic-PW nanoparticles (NPs) with tunable particle sizes. The in-situ synthesis of organic-PW NPs within the wood was verified by series of methods for analysis. The resulting wood samples exhibited remarkable flame retardancy and smoke suppression, as demonstrated by successful fulfilment of the UL-94 test, a remarkable 60.1 % reduction in total smoke production, with a weight percent gain of only 7.5 %. Distinct profiles of the pyrolysis products were observed in the organic amine-PW-treated samples compared to pure wood, indicating a shift in the depolymerization pathway from levoglucosenone (LGO) to hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in the presence of acid catalyst. Notably, the thermal protection properties of imidazole-PW are higher than those of triethylamine-PW, attributed to the greater stability of cyclic phosphoric acid-imidazole complexes compared to linear phosphoric acid-triethylamine complexes. Our study not only presents an innovative approach to fabricate hybrid wood materials but also demonstrates exceptional flame-retardant and smoke-suppression capabilities, and altered pyrolysis pathways and evaluated intermediate products stability.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2020
·
IF 0
Siqi Huo,Shuang Yang,Jun Wang,Jianwen Cheng,Qianqian Zhang,Yefa Hu,Guoping Ding,Qiaoxin Zhang,Pingan Song,Hao Wang
The fabrication of high-performance thermosetting polymers with intrinsic flame retardancy and smoke suppression is necessary but challenging. Herein, we have successfully synthesized a liquid phosphaphenanthrene/imidazole-containing curing agent (DOPO-AI) for epoxy resin (EP) by the Atherton–Todd reaction of 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole (AI) and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO). The as-prepared EP/DOPO-AI samples exhibit comparable mechanical properties to the reference EP/AI-6 sample, with slightly decreased glass transition temperatures. Impressively, the EP/DOPO-AI sample can pass the UL-94 V-0 rating and achieve a limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 37.0%. Additionally, the EP/DOPO-AI sample shows 26.3%, 36.6%, and 24.4% reductions in the total heat release (THR), peak of heat release rate (pHRR), and total smoke production (TSP) relative to the EP/AI-6 sample, indicating a significantly reduced fire hazard. The significant enhancements in flame retardancy and smoke suppression are attributed to the condensed- and gaseous-phase effects of DOPO-AI. This work demonstrates a feasible methodology for creating high-performance EPs with inherent flame retardancy and smoke suppression, holding great promise in the future.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2022
·Vol. 33
·期 7
·2374-2385
·
IF 3.348
Qinyong Liu,Huawei Wang,Hefu Li,Jun Sun,Xiaoyu Gu,Sheng Zhang
To enhance the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), a novel flame retardant ZIF-67@GO was fabricated by hybridization of zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) and graphene oxide (GO). The flame retardancy of TPU sample was significantly enhanced by the presence of 6.5 wt% ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and 0.5 wt% ZIF-67@GO: the limit oxygen index (LOI) reached 27.4% and UL-94 grade passed V-0, the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and peak smoke production rate (pSPR) values was dropped by 81.2% and 48.7%, respectively, comparing with that of the control sample. The burning time of the flame-retardant TPU sample was prolonged to more than 600 s from 200 s of the control TPU sample during the cone test. Additionally, the tensile strength and elongation ratio of the flame-retardant TPU reached 18.3 MPa and 1026.3%, respectively, which meet the requirement in most industrial applications. This work provides useful information to produce flame retardant synergists for polymeric composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2022
·Vol. 15
·期 1
·55
·
IF 4.967
Peipei Sun,Ziwen Zhou,Licong Jiang,Shuai Zhao,Lin Li
Enteromorpha, as a waste from marine pollution, brings great pressure to environmental governance every year, especially for China. Under the premise of a shortage of industrial materials, taking appropriate measures can turn waste into wealth, which will benefit us a lot. In this work, a bio-based reinforcing-type flame retardant based on Enteromorpha is designed. The designed Enteromorpha-based flame retardant system (AEG) mainly focuses on the reinforcing and flame retardant effects on ethylene-propylene-diene tripolymer (EPDM). For the AEG system, ammonium polyphosphate (APP) serves as both the acid source and the gas source; the simple hybrid material (GN) produced by loading graphene (GE) and Enteromorpha (EN) using tannic acid (TA) as a regulator serves as an acid source and a carbonizing source. The results show that when 40 phr AEG is added, the LOI of EPDM/AEG40 reaches 32.5% and the UL-94 reaches the V-0 level. The PHRR and THR values of EPDM/AEG40 are 325.9 kW/m2and 117.6 MJ/m2, respectively, with decrements of 67.3% and 29.7%, respectively, compared with the results of neat EPDM composite. Especially, the TSP and TSR values of EPDM/AEG40 are reduced from 15.2 m2of neat EPDM to 9.9 m2with a decrement of 34.9% and reduced from 1715.2 m2/m2of neat EPDM to 1124.5 m2/m2with a decrement of 34.4%, indicating that AEG is effective in flame retardancy and smoke suppression. Meanwhile, the tensile strength and tear strength of EPDM/AEG composites are much higher than neat EPDM, therefore, with the future development of innovate reinforcing-type flame-retardant Enteromorpha, the application of Enteromorpha in the polymer flame-retardant field will surely usher in bright development.Keywords:Enteromorpha;reinforcing;flame retardant
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
聚合物工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2021
·
IF 5.03
Dongyue Liu,Yihua Cui,Tianlong Zhang,Wenhua Zhao,Pengfei Ji
The introduction of traditional flame retardants into epoxy resins (EP) usually generated a number of harmful smoke during burning. A novel flame retardant ( d ZIF-8) was synthesized via functionalization of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide derivatives (DMZ). The flame retardancy and smoke suppression of the d ZIF-8 modified EP were studied. The combustion results showed that d ZIF-8 can effectively reduce the fire risk of EP. Compared with the neat EP, the value of peak heat release rate (PHRR), the total smoke release rate (TSRR) and the maximum smoke density of the EP containing 2% d ZIF-8 were decreased by 51%, 47% and 36%, respectively. The TG-FTIR results showed that the production of the pyrolysis gaseous products was inhibited by d ZIF-8 during the decomposition of EP. In addition, the synergistic effect between the DMZ and the zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 improved the flame retardancy of the EP. Meanwhile, the increase in the flame-retardant performance of the d ZIF-8 modified EP was caused by the quenching effect of the free radical containing phosphorus in gas phase and the charring effect of pyrophosphoric acid and zinc oxide in condensed phase. The morphology of d ZIF-8 crystal changed from granular to laminar, indicating that the introduction of DMZ affected the crystal growth of d ZIF-8. The laminar structure of the d ZIF-8 provided a layered barrier effect during the burning process of EP.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Sustainable Systems
·
2022
·Vol. 6
·期 12
·2200346
·
IF 6.737
Xiaohan Sun,Qianqian Yu,Zhaolin Yang,Senwei Hu,Haiyue Yang,Xin Wang,Jiazuo Zhou,Yuan Yu,Chengyu Wang,Yudong Li
The demand for improved indoor air quality has grown with improvements in the standards of living worldwide. While wood is widely used to construct furniture since it is a renewable resource and aesthetically pleasing, it is also flammable, which limits its applications. Although there have been extensive research efforts in reducing the flammability of wood products, current approaches often have adverse effects on the environment. In this work, a novel organo-inorganic coordination system is proposed to prepare a fire-retardant and smoke suppression wooden “air purifier” using a vacuum impregnation method. The “air purifier” is composed of tourmaline particles/KH550 (TPs/KH550) and delignified wood. The added TPs give the final composites capable to purify air (1000 psc cm −3 negative oxygen ions [NOIs]). Compared with pristine wood (PW), total heat release (THR), peak heat release rate (HRR), and smoke production rate (SPR) of the wooden “air purifier” are reduced by 47.88%, 11.73%, and 82.81%, respectively, highlighting that the composites have good fire-retardancy and smoke suppression performances. Life cycle assessment (LCA) results indicate the composites have minimal environmental impact (EI) in 15 categories. This green, eco-friendly wooden “air purifier” with fire-retardant and smoke suppression properties has a great potential application in furniture and buildings.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
·
2019
·
IF 6.864
Lubin Liu,Yue Xu,Miaojun Xu,Zhiqi Li,Yumeng Hu,Bin Li
An economical flame retardant additive dimelamine pyrophosphate (DMPY) was synthesized from melamine and sodium pyrophosphate and its chemical structure was well characterized and confirmed. It was used to flame retardant epoxy resin (EP) thermosets and the fire retarded performance, mechanical properties , moisture resistance and flame retardant mechanism of EP thermosets were investigated in details. The samples achieved UL-94 V-0 grade during vertical burning tests and the limiting oxygen index value reached 28.7% when 9 wt% DMPY was incorporated. DMPY stimulated the degradation of EP matrix in advance and the formation of intumescent and compact char layer during combustion. Besides, the nonflammable gases generated from the decomposition of DMPY exerted flame retarded effect in gas phase. Thus, the rate and total amount of heat release and smoke production were significantly suppressed. The moisture resistance of EP/DMPY thermosets was improved comparing with that of pure EP. The samples remained superior flame retardant performance and mechanical properties after water resistance tests due to the excellent water resistance of DMPY. In summary, the EP/DMPY thermosets exhibited excellent flame retardancy , moisture resistance, mechanical properties and fire safety performance. The presented investigation provided a broad application prospect in the high-performance field of flame retardant EP thermosets because of the low cost and easy industrialization of DMPY.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering
·
2025
·Vol. 19
·期 4
·1-11
·
IF 4.5
Shao Siqing,Jin Liping,He Siyuan,Feng Yijing,Guo Wenwen
To achieve fire-resistant epoxy resin (EP), a UiO-66-based novel flame retardant coating (CS@APP@UiO-66) was prepared by modifying UiO-66 with chitosan (CS) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) through a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly method, which was then introduced into an EP system to improve its fire safety. The results of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show that the unsaturated Zr atoms in the UiO-66 framework provide many active sites conducive to modification, so that the UiO-66 particles, which originally had a regular octahedral structure, are more dispersed by LbL modification without causing doping or distortion issues. The thermogravimetric analysis results indicate that the char residue of EP/2% UiO-66 is increased by 2.52% compared with that of pure EP, indicating that the thermal properties of the EP composite are improved after modification. In addition, the cone test results indicate that EP/2%UiO-66-5L has good flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties, and the peak heat release rate, total smoke production and rate of CO generation values are 25.2%, 5.7% and 38.5% lower than those of the unmodified EP. Moreover, it can be concluded from the Raman test that the graphitization degree of the modified EP composite is strengthened. The above results indicated that after the incorporation of CS@APP@UiO-66 into the EP composites, more char layers formed as physical barriers to prevent the transfer of mass and heat, thus reducing the speed of flame propagation. Therefore, the flame resistance and smoke suppression of the EP composites improved. These favorable characteristics, including high flame retardant efficiency and good smoke suppression, make LbL-functionalized UiO-66 promising for flame retardant polymer applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
·
2021
·
IF 2.161
Zijin Luo,Zhe Chen,Jun Wei,Dongchao Wang,Han Chen,Rui Chen
A novel intumescent flame retardant, PPMD, was designed from phosphaphenanthrene and nitrogen heterocycles through the two-step gut reactions of 1,4-phthalaldehyde and 3-methyl-1-phe-nylpyrazol-5-ylamine. After determination of its structure by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared analyses, PPMD was added to an epoxy resin (EP) to facilitate a curing process. Thus, EP/PPMD samples with excellent transparency and flame retardancy were acquired. For example, the EP sample satisfied the UL-94 V-0 standard and achieved a limiting oxygen index value of 30.5% because of the incorporation of 5 wt% PPMD. The cone calorimeter test of the EP/5% PPMD sample revealed that its total smoke production (TSP) and total heat release (THR) values of EP/5% PPMD was only 22.5% and 56.4% of the control group, respectively. Moreover, the average effective heat of combustion (av-EHC) value of EP/5% PPMD was reduced by 34.1%, indicating that PPMD possessed high flame-inhibition activity and smoke suppression efficiency. The flame-retardant mechanisms of PPMD were also investigated in gas phase by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and in condensed phase by XPS and IR.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2022
·Vol. 140
·期 7
·e53480
·
IF 3.057
Qilei Wu,Long Xiao,Junfeng Chen,Zhihe Peng
The realization of high-performance thermosetting polymers with superior mechanical properties, flame retardancy and smoke suppression is very necessary but not yet implemented. Herein, a flame-retardant curing agent (BICPD) combining cyclotriphosphazene and phosphaphenanthrene groups was synthesized, and used to prepare high-performance, flame-retardant epoxy (EP/BICPD) systems. Our results showed that the EP/BICPD systems began to cure at 110°C and solidify rapidly under heating. In comparison to the common epoxy system, the EP/BICPD thermosets exhibited improved glass transition temperature and mechanical properties. Most impressively, the EP/BICPD thermosets possessed outstanding flame retardancy and smoke suppression. The EP/BICPD-20 thermoset achieved the LOI value of 37.7% and passed the UL94 V-0 rating. Additionally, compared with the common epoxy thermoset, the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and total smoke production (TSP) of EP/BICPD-20 thermoset were reduced by ~70.0% and ~43.4%, respectively. The significant enhancements in flame retardancy and smoke suppression was mainly due to the collaboration of cyclotriphosphazene and phosphaphenanthrene in condensed and gaseous phases. Therefore, the high-performance EP/BICPD systems with high glass transition temperature, satisfied mechanical properties, superior flame retardancy and smoke suppression showed profound scientific and industrial significance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）