Energy Storage Materials
·
2025
·
IF 20.2
Haiwei Han,Feng Xiong,Mulin Qin,Yongkang Jin,Hsing Kai Chu,Shenghui Han,Kaihang Jia,Ali Usman,Song Gao,Ruiqin Zhong,Zhenghui Shen,Ruqiang Zou
The safety of high-energy density batteries remains a significant challenge due to the risk of thermal runaway, which can result in catastrophic damage. Phase change materials (PCMs) can absorb heat and regulate temperature through reversible phase transitions, effectively mitigating the risk of thermal runaway and offering a reliable solution for battery thermal management. However, achieving effective flame retardancy in PCMs, particularly under thermal runaway conditions, remains a challenge. In this work, we report a solid-solid PCM with high flame retardancy. Phosphorus-based flame retardant groups are grafted onto a polyurethane skeleton via a straightforward and cost-effective synthesis process, achieving an intrinsic flame retardancy (LOI = 30.2 %) and a high phase change enthalpy (78.7 J/g), along with good mechanical flexibility and strength (6 MPa) with only 5 wt.% flame retardant. These advanced properties enable the material to maintain the working temperature of 18,650 batteries below 55 °C during high current operation, reduce the peak runaway temperature by 405 °C during thermal runaway, and delay ignition by 59 s. These improvements significantly enhance the safety of batteries and protect people and property.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
·
2025
·
IF 7.9
Junling Wang,Chao Cheng,Jiali Zhang,Junjie Yang,Zhirong Wang,Li Li,Wei Bai,Yuen Kwok Kit Richard
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used in daily life and industrial manufacture, which concurrently suffers from the high thermal runaway (TR) hazard. The separator is believed to play a crucial role in affecting the performance and safety of battery. However, the influence of novel separator on TR action of battery is rarely investigated. In this paper, the polyimide-based flame-retardant separator (TiO 2 @PZS@PI) is prepared via electrospinning and hot amination. Compared with Celgard separator, the ion conductivity, electrolyte uptake, porosity of separator are increased by 2011.2 %, 1511.8 %, 659.5 %, while the self-extinction time is reduced by 92.1 %. In comparison to Celgard battery, the battery with TiO 2 @PZS@PI separator shows a marked increase in the starting temperature of TR (∼70 °C) and obvious delay in time to peak TR temperature (∼561 min). Moreover, such separator holds the marked ability to inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. These results signify that the flame-retardant separator effectively improves the battery safety. In addition, the using of TiO 2 @PZS@PI separator not only improves the specific discharge capacity of battery, but also delays the capacity attenuation of battery. Of note, the internal resistance of battery equipped with TiO 2 @PZS@PI separator is greatly reduced. This work could provide innovative insights into the design of fire-resistant and mechanically robust separator to enhance the performance and safety of LIBS.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Wenjing Miao,Ruixing Quan,Jiaxin Ju,Meng Hu,Hui Cao,Qian Xu,Yaxuan Xiong,Yanqi Zhao,Yulong Ding,Xiang Ling
Battery, as the core of the electric vehicle, needs to be thermally managed and protected to avoid decreased performance and thermal runaway. In this study, calcium chloride hexahydrate based composite phase change materials are developed for passive battery thermal management and thermal protection. The composite phase change materials achieve wide-temperature range thermal management based on their high energy density, including 84.89 ∼ 195.5 J/g for pre-heating between 0 and 10 ℃, 99.93 ∼ 179.2 J/g for operation cooling between 25 and 50 ℃, and 326 ∼ 699.5 J/g for thermal runaway elimination between 50 and 120 ℃. Using ceramic fibre as a support material, strontium chloride hexahydrate as a nucleating agent, and hydroxylated cellulose nanofiber to improve the form stability of calcium chloride hexahydrate, the phase transition temperature is increased to 37.1 °C, which meets thermal management requirements. The unique dendrite structure provided by crystalline phase change material and the cross-linked fibre network enhances the tensile strength of the composite to 2.97 MPa. Compared with typical battery wrapping material, Polyvinyl chloride, the battery module based on the developed composite phase change material can reduce the peak temperature and temperature difference during operation cooling by up to 34.9 % and 50.7 %, respectively. In addition, the composite phase change material also provides excellent flame retardancy, with a limiting oxygen index value of 100 % unburned and UL-94 grade reaching V0. In the case of battery thermal runaway, the composite phase change material can absorb the 37,730 J of energy released by the first battery and eliminate the thermal runaway. The results show that the prepared composite phase change material has high performance thermal management and thermal protection, with the advantage of low cost.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2023
·
IF 9.5
Zhichuan Bai,Xiang Gao,Zheng Liu,Dongliang Chao,Yingying Wang,Jie Yin,Cairong Jiang,Wenge Yang,Jianjun Ma,Yongjin Chen
Graphite is one of the major anode materials for commercial lithium-ion batteries. Li+ transport in a single graphite granule along intra and interlayer modes is a crucial factor for the battery performance. However, direct evidence and visualized details of the Li+ transports are hardly provided. Here, we report the direct observation of the anisotropic transport behavior of Li+ and investigate the electro-chemo-structure evolution during the lithiation of graphite through both the intra and interlayer pathways via in situ transmission electron microscopy. The in situ experiments of nano batteries give two extreme conditions, in which thermal runaway induced by polarization only occurs along the interlayer, not along the intralayer. The high diffusion energy barrier induced large polarization when the interlayer Li+ transport became dominant. The energy of the polarization electric field would be instantaneously released like a short electric pulse, which generated a substantial amount of joule heat and created an extremely high temperature, causing the melting of the tungsten tip. We provide another possible fundamental mechanism of thermal failure in graphite-based Li-ion batteries and hope this insightful work would help the safety management of graphite-based lithium-ion batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2023
·
IF 3.4
Hejun Zhan,Yongzhi Chen,Long Huang,Chao Yang,Yalan Zhong,Lihua Wang,Xulin Jiang
Novel water-soluble methylated chitins (MCHs) were synthesized homogeneously in aqueous alkaline solution. The relatively mild reaction conditions resulted in the MCH with high degree of acetylation (DA >0.76). The chemical structure of the obtained MCHs was analyzed and the degree of methylation substitution (DS) and DA were determined by proton NMR in both D 2 O and 20% DCl/D 2 O. The MCH aqueous solutions (DS = 0.46 ~ 0.71) showed a reversible thermosensitive sol–gel–sol transition upon heating and cooling. The gel transition temperature of these MCHs (in the range of 15–85 °C) increased with increasing DS and decreasing polymer concentration. Thermal runaway has been an important safety issue impeding the development of high-energy-density zinc-ion batteries. A smart thermosensitive reversible electrolyte was prepared based on this MCH for the aqueous zinc-ion battery to prevent thermal runaway. When the temperature of zinc-ion battery rises or even gets out of control, the thermosensitive electrolyte can quickly gel and inhibit the migration of zinc ions, resulting in increase of the internal resistance and realizing intelligent and efficient thermal self-protection. Thus the novel thermosensitive methylated chitin shows promise for safe aqueous zinc-ion batteries. Graphical
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源存储
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SusMat
·
2022
·Vol. 2
·期 4
·435-444
·
IF 0
Xiang-Qun Xu,Xin-Bing Cheng,Feng-Ni Jiang,Shi-Jie Yang,Dongsheng Ren,Peng Shi,HungJen Hsu,Hong Yuan,Jia-Qi Huang,Minggao Ouyang,Qiang Zhang
High-energy-density lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are widely accepted as promising next-generation energy storage systems. However, the safety features of practical LMBs are rarely explored quantitatively. Herein, the thermal runaway behaviors of a 3.26 Ah (343 Wh kg −1 ) Li | LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 pouch cell in the whole life cycle are quantitatively investigated by extended volume-accelerating rate calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. By thermal failure analyses on pristine cell with fresh Li metal, activated cell with once plated dendrites, and 20-cycled cell with large quantities of dendrites and dead Li, dendrite-accelerated thermal runaway mechanisms including reaction sequence and heat release contribution are reached. Suppressing dendrite growth and reducing the reactivity between Li metal anode and electrolyte at high temperature are effective strategies to enhance the safety performance of LMBs. These findings can largely enhance the understanding on the thermal runaway behaviors of Li metal pouch cells in practical working conditions.
研究领域:
能源科学
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材料科学
·
热管理
✓ 已验证
DOI
AIP Advances
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2022
·Vol. 12
·期 11
·
IF 1.697
Li Xiang,Tian Shuo,Liu Zhifeng,Xu Na,Liu Runru,Wang Dejun,Lü Wei
Lithium ion battery is a complex system, and any change in device parameters may significantly affect the overall performance. The prediction of battery behavior based on theoretical simulation is of great significance. In this work, the battery performance with LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 electrodes of different active material loading amounts was theoretically investigated, such as battery rate performance, capacity decay rate, energy and power density, SOC (State of Charge) change, temperature response, and heat source distribution. A 1D electrochemical–3D thermal coupling model was established, and the accuracy and predictability of the model were verified by experiments. An in-depth analysis of batteries under different discharge rates and batteries with different electrode loading amounts is carried out. The results show that the rate performance and capacity change with different electrode loading amounts, which is attributed to the variation in lithium ion diffusion. At the same time, the change in load affects the growth of lithium dendrites and the distribution of SOC, resulting in the thermal runaway of the battery and shortening the battery life.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 1.6
Luping Gu,Cun Wang,Lei Ni,Zhiquan Chen,Danfeng Zhang,Juncheng Jiang,Yuanyuan Wang
To suppress thermal runaway during the synthesis process of tert -butyl peroxybenzoate (TBHB), phase change microcapsules (microPCMs) were prepared using paraffin as the core material and melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF) as the wall material via in situ polymerization. When the emulsification time was 20 min, the reaction temperature was 80 °C, and the paraffin mass was 10 g, the characterization of SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that the microPCMs were successfully fabricated, with microcapsule encapsulation rate reaching 62.5 %. The investigation into the thermal runaway suppression effect of microPCMs during the synthesis of TBPB revealed that adding 5 g of microPCMs at 50 °C optimized overtemperature suppression, reducing the maximum temperature of the reaction system from 58.3 °C to 50.3 °C. This work expands the application of microPCMs in semi-batch reactions and has significant implications for the prevention of thermal runaway incidents.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
热管理技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2025
·
IF 8.2
Wang Zhan,Lingling Tang,Zhiyuan Xu,Le Chen,Lixia Li,Ru Zhou,Mingyi Chen,Qinghong Kong,Juncheng Jiang
Gelatin (GA) was used as a reinforced material in the study to enhance the thermal-mechanical properties of the polyimide (PI) aerogel. The effects of the content and the freezing rate on the thermal-mechanical properties of the composite aerogels were investigated. The internal structure and chemical composition of the composite aerogels were analyzed by using characterization methods. Finally, the mechanism of enhancement of thermal-mechanical of the composite aerogels is further discussed. The results show that GA can effectively enhance the thermal-mechanical properties of PI aerogel, and the appropriate freezing rate can form a dense pore structure inside the composite aerogel to reduce the thermal conductivity and improve the mechanical property. Moreover, the thermal runaway protection result demonstrated that the composite aerogel significantly delayed the time of thermal runaway of the lithium battery.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2024
·
IF 8.3
Shilong Liu,Bin Fan,Zhen Shi,Rendian Wan,Xinxin Sheng,Xiaolong Li,Chuanbiao Zhu,Mengni Chen,Zhigang Xue,Yang Ding,Xiang Lu,Jinping Qu
As the power core of an electric vehicle, the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is directly related to the vehicle quality and driving range. However, the charge–discharge performance and cycling performance are affected by the temperature. Excessive temperature can cause internal short circuits and even lead to safety issues, such as thermal runaway. The separator plays a crucial role in protecting the battery from regular operation, preventing direct touch between the cathode and the anode while allowing the transport of lithium ions. In this study, we have designed a thermoregulating separator in the shape of calabash, which uses melamine-encapsulated paraffin phase change material (PCM) with a wide enthalpy (0–168.52 J g-1) to dissipate the heat generated inside the battery promptly. Under extra-long-use conditions, the heat emitted by the battery is absorbed by the PCM without causing a significant temperature rise that triggers thermal runaway. The PCM separator can effectively suppress the temperature increase caused by battery penetration. Due to the unique structure of the PCM, the battery is short-circuited; it can significantly delay the internal temperature rise of the battery and quickly dissipate the heat, which is consistent with the characteristics of natural calabash in nutrient absorption and water diffusion, improving the melting and heat storage efficiency of the PCM. The design of the phase change separator provides an effective reference for overheat protection and improved safety in lithium-ion batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
·
2021
·
IF 3.317
Jihe Zhao,Wenhai Zhang,Jiwen Hu,Shudong Lin,Xuefeng Gui,Shi Li,Xiao Wang,Zhihua Li,Yuanyuan Tu,Fuwei Nian,Daguang He
Polymerization reactions are exothermic processes that are often accompanied by viscosity changes, and they can pose hazards due to thermal runaway. This paper describes an investigation of the potential for thermal runaway in the industrial process of styrene solution polymerization, in which particular focus was devoted to the effects of the monomer concentration and the solvent. As the monomer concentration increased from 20.0 to 50.0 wt %, the heat of reaction Qr and the adiabatic temperature rise ΔTad increased in a linear manner from 19.0 ± 0.2 to 58.1 ± 0.6 kJ and 21.7 ± 0.1 to 64.8 ± 0.6 K, respectively, and the maximum temperature attained by the synthesis reaction (MTSR) was also increased from 86.1 ± 0.2 to 101.5 ± 0.2 °C. In addition, the molecular weight distribution of polystyrene was around 1.9, and the distribution was broad. The risk of a potential runaway reaction was evaluated using the Stoessel assessment criteria and Zurich Hazard Analysis. The criticality of runaway polymerization remained constant with increasing concentration, and class 1 risk was observed. However, the severity of a potential runaway reaction was increased from negligible to medium class. It was found that the solvent had an important effect on the risk of thermal runaway during polymerization. The criticality of the high-boiling solvents toluene and cyclohexanone used in this work was class 1, while that of the low-boiling solvent ethyl acetate was class 3. This work provides valuable insight that can help to control thermal risk in the chemical industry.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
安全科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
International Journal of Chemical Engineering
·
2022
·
IF 2.729
Wei Wang,Jiancun Gao,Chenguang Shi,Shengnan Wang,Yujing Li,Xiong Dai,Tianmeng Jiang
Thermal safety during the synthesis of a Grignard reagent under different dosing rates was evaluated in this work. A reaction calorimeter (SIMULAR) was used to investigate the heat release under isothermal experiment in the range of 0.5–2.0 g⋅min−1 dosing rates. The thermal decomposition of the Grignard reagent was analyzed using accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC). Furthermore, the risk assessment of thermal runaway was analyzed using a risk matrix and a Stoessel criticality diagram. The results indicate that decreasing the dosing rate can decrease the risk level of synthesizing the Grignard reagent from class 3 to class 1. However, the risk level was class 3 at different dosing rates when the induction period was considered. In the case of cooling failure, the most hazardous moment was the induction period, followed by the dosing period. These findings provide further evidence that the dose rate of 0.5 g⋅min−1 was safer to produce Grignard reagents.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
安全科学
·
物理化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）