JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
·
2021
·Vol. 168
·期 10
·103507
·
IF 4.316
Fuhua Chen,Hao Guo,Lili Zhao,Xin Guo,Shunchang Li,Ying Chu,Xueying Wang,Yongping Zhu
As a cathode material for thermal batteries, WS2 has high thermal decomposition temperature and large specific capacity, but it is an intermittent semiconductor, with relatively low conductivity. This low conductivity can prolong the activation time and reduce the discharge specific capacity of thermal batteries. Here, we prepared WS2 with sulfur vacancies through a simple high-temperature annealing method and used electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to detect the presence of sulfur vacancies. The result shows that sulfur vacancies were successfully introduced in WS2, and the existence of sulfur vacancies can effectively improve the discharge performance of thermal batteries. While maintaining the nanostructure, the thermal decomposition temperature still exceeds 1000 °C, which is far beyond the traditional FeS2 (550 °C) and CoS2 (650 °C) cathodes. The Li-B/LiF-LiBr-LiCl/WS2 with sulfur vacancies (treated at 500 °C) couple has higher discharge specific capacity (when the cut-off voltage is 0.5 V, it is 380.58 mAh g−1, which is 14.85% higher than the original WS2) and lower total polarization (about 21% lower than original WS2). This work provides a beginning for further study of sulfur vacancies defect materials as the cathode of thermal batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Science China-Technological Sciences
·
2020
·Vol. 64
·期 1
·91-97
·
IF 2.302
Cao Yong,Li Jian,Yang Peng,Wei KaiYuan,Ma ShiPing,Zhang XiaoQiang,Wu MeiFen,Liu XiaoJiang,Cui YanHua,Wen ZhaoYin
NiCl 2 with high theoretical voltage and thermal decomposition temperature attracts much attention as cathode material for thermal batteries with the requirement of high power density, high energy density and long work time. Unfortunately, the practical utilization of thermal batteries with NiCl 2 cathode is limited by their poor electrochemical performance under large current, even with the conventional LiF-LiCl-LiBr all-lithium molten salt electrolyte which proposes ultrahigh lithium ion conductivity. In this work, an unexpected ionic exchange reaction between NiCl 2 and LiBr in LiF-LiCl-LiBr was found, which would be the main reason for the poor electrochemical behavior of thermal batteries with NiCl 2 cathode and LiF-LiCl-LiBr molten salt. On this basis, LiF-LiCl-Li 2 SO 4 , another all-lithium molten salt free of LiBr, was investigated as the new electrolyte for NiCl 2 cathode. For the single cell of Li(Si)/LiF-LiCl-Li 2 SO 4 /NiCl 2 , a discharge capacity of 377 mA h g −1 (with a cut-off voltage of 1.2 V) was achieved with large current density (500 mA cm −2 ) applied at 520°C, which is almost twice of that of Li(Si)/LiF-LiCl-LiBr/NiCl 2 (190 mA h g −1 ) at the same conditions.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
·
2024
·
IF 5.8
Yaping Xing,Ting Wang,Xiaotian Wang,Zhiguo Liu,Zhengfeng Jia,Chuanyu Jin,Jinming Zhen,Ran Zhang
Although two-dimensional MoS 2 exhibits superior properties compared to the bulk, the significant agglomeration and poor conductivity limit the application in energy storage and conversion. In this paper, two-dimensional MoS₂ powders, synthesized using a straightforward ultrasonic method, are employed as the raw material and subsequently self-assembled into three-dimensional MoS₂ through the cross-linking action of dopamine (DA). Utilizing the reduction properties of DA, nano-silver (Ag) is successfully anchored within the layered structure of MoS 2 , which not only enhance conductivity of MoS 2 , but also improve structural stability. Finally, the mixed samples are carbonized to prepare a highly stable and conductive three-dimensional MoS 2 /Ag@C cathode material. In thermal batteries, MoS 2 /Ag@C cathode has a large specific energy of 404.74 Wh kg −1 at 50 mA cm −2 with a cut-off voltage of 1.35 V, which is higher than 26.70 Wh kg −1 of bulk MoS 2 and 107.76 Wh kg −1 of two-dimensional MoS 2 cathodes, respectively. Subsequent studies demonstrate that Ag and pyrolytic carbon enhance the structural stability of the electrode under high-temperature discharge conditions, but also inhibit the interfacial dissolution reaction between MoS 2 and molten salt, ultimately improving the discharge performances.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源存储与转换
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
IONICS
·
2022
·Vol. 28
·期 7
·3453-3460
·
IF 2.961
Chen Fuhua,Guo Hao,Zhao Lili,Chu Ying,Wang Xueying,Zhu Yongping
Traditional cathode materials can no longer meet the development needs of thermal batteries, and the research of new cathode materials is imminent. In this study, WS 2 was successfully prepared by a simple one-step synthesis method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that it has good electrical conductivity, its bandgap had been calculated by ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-visDRS), and its thermal decomposition temperature exceeded 1000 °C by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. Due to the high decomposition temperature and high electronic conductivity of WS 2 , LiBr–LiCl–LiF electrolyte with high ionic conductivity but the high melting point was selected. The structure and composition of WS 2 and LiBr–LiCl–LiF after reaction at high temperature (500 °C) were studied, and WS 2 was found to have good compatibility with ternary lithium electrolyte. Assembling Li–B/LiBr–LiCl–LiF/WS 2 single thermal battery, the discharge specific capacity is 952As g −1 at 300 mA cm −2 and cutoff voltage of 0.97 V. And the internal resistance of the single thermal battery is 11.87 mΩ under the super large pulse current density of 5A cm −2 . This further advances the application of WS 2 in thermal batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS LETTERS
·
2021
·
IF 3.423
Fei Chen,Chipeng Jiang,Like Xu,Xiaoyu Li,Qiang Shen
In view of the shortcomings of low utilization rate of disulfide cathode for thermal battery, chloride has been developed as a candidate material for thermal battery cathode. In this case, PbCl 2 was tried to be used as a cathode material for thermal batteries and tested the electrical properties of single battery. The discharge specific capacity can reach 168 mAh/g at 450 °C and 0.5 C current, the voltage plateau reaches 1.8 V, and the active material utilization rate is as high as 87.5% when the cut-off voltage is 0.5 V. The only discharge platform and high utilization rate enable PbCl 2 to be used as the active material for thermal batteries, which also provides a new direction for the chloride cathode active material for thermal batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
·
2023
·
IF 9.4
Caiping Xu,Chuanyu Jin,Lintao Liu,Yu Qi,Fangjie Xie,Jie Chen,Yaning Chang,Na Du,Shengyang Cheng
Vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) is an attractive high-energy cathode material for thermal batteries but is limited by the high solubility and tendency to react with halogenic molten salt. Li x V 2 O 5 (0 < x ≤ 1) are expected to take the place of V 2 O 5 as the promising cathode materials in thermal batteries. In this work, Li x V 2 O 5 were successfully synthesized by the high-efficiency and low-cost method, which uses the molten salt as lithium source and through a brief-time sintered process (900 °C for 15 s). Li x V 2 O 5 /molten salt electrode with CNTs conductive agent exhibits an original discharge voltage with 2.51 V and a specific capacity up to 309.46 mA h g −1 . The high chemical stabilization between Li x V 2 O 5 and molten salt which could increase interfacial structure stabilization and improve the transmission rate of Li + . Besides, CNTs could build the continuous electron transport channels in active cathode inter-particles and improve the utilization rate of Li x V 2 O 5 . This paper not only prepares the Li x V 2 O 5 cathode materials with high specific capacity via a simple method, but also provides insights into the phase evolution process of V 2 O 5 based cathode electrodes during discharge process of thermal batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
能源存储
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
·
2024
·
IF 9.4
Xin-ya Bu,Yan-li Zhu,Yu Xia,Bin-chao Shi,Shu Zhang,Xiao-yu Wei,Jing Luo,Yi Zhang,Ting Quan
Thermal batteries are a type of thermally activated reserve batteries, where the cathode material significantly influences the operating voltage and specific capacity of the battery. In this work, VS 4 -VO 2 has been synthesized through the hydrothermal method and used as the cathode material for thermal batteries. Firstly, the material with the VS 4 crystallinity is obtained at 170 °C and the mass percentages of VS 4 /VO 2 are 63.1 % and 36.9 %, respectively. The formation mechanism of VS 4 -VO 2 has been proposed based on in-situ ultraviolet (UV) spectrum, which shows that the hydrolysis product S 2- under alkaline conditions promotes the formation of VS 4 . To further improve the conductivity of the material, the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been introduced into VS 4 -VO 2 nanomaterials. When applied in thermal batteries, the rGO-VS 4 -VO 2 composite exhibits a voltage plateau of approximately 2.4 V and a discharging specific capacity of 327 mAh/g with the cut-off voltage of 1.5 V at 50 mA and 350°C, which are higher than those of VS 4 -VO 2 . Furthermore, the discharge mechanisms of rGO-VS 4 -VO 2 in thermal batteries have been analyzed, which indicates that VS 4 -VO 2 involves two processes of phase transformation, including the intercalation process and conversion process. The results confirm rGO-VS 4 -VO 2 as a promising cathode material for thermal batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Energy Technology
·
2022
·Vol. 10
·期 4
·2100885
·
IF 4.149
Jing Hu,Xin-Liang Wang,Hao Guo,Ming Yang,Jin-Xiu Yuan,Ying Chu,Li-Li Zhao
Transition metal sulfide is the most widely used cathode material for thermal batteries. The development of modern weapons requires higher quality and output of transition metal sulfide cathode materials. However, the current synthesis processes have some limitations for large-scale industrial production due to the long production cycle and low production efficiency. Herein, by controlling the synthesis temperature and adopting a high-temperature solid-state method, sulfide FeS 2 , CoS 2 , and NiS 2 with single-phase and good crystalline structure are synthesized. This method with a simple production process, short production cycle, and high single output is suitable for engineering production. Hence, guidance for large-scale industrial synthesis of pure phase FeS 2 , NiS 2 , and CoS 2 is provided, embodying important scientific significance and application value.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
MATERIALS LETTERS
·
2020
·
IF 3.204
Zheng Liao,Licai Fu,Jiajun Zhu,Wulin Yang,Deyi Li,Lingping Zhou
Currently, the thin-film electrodes for energy storage devices commonly have complicated fabrication process and poor flexibility. In this case, the high strength and flexibility of the NiO thin films were fabricated by a simple tape-casting process combined heat-treatment time. The thin film can withstand repeated large-angle bending without damage. The film thickness can be regulated from 20 ~ 200 μm. Then, the NiO thin film has first been applied to the thermal battery cathode and shows excellent electrochemical performance. The actual discharge specific capacity could reach 543.6 mA h g −1 at the 0.1 A cm −2 with the cut-off voltage of 1.2 V. There is only one voltage platform during the discharge process. This high voltage accuracy electrode is suitable for precision equipment which is sensitive to voltage change. The simple and efficient fabrication process and excellent electrochemical performance make the flexible NiO thin film as a promising cathode material for thermal batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源存储
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Science Advances
·
2023
·Vol. 9
·期 7
·
IF 13.6
Zhe Zhang,Kuo Li,Shangchao Lin,Ruiqi Song,Dehong Yu,Yida Wang,Jingfan Wang,Shogo Kawaguchi,Zhao Zhang,Chenyang Yu,Xiaodong Li,Jie Chen,Lunhua He,Richard Mole,Bao Yuan,Qingyong Ren,Kun Qian,Zhuangli Cai,Jingui Yu,Mingchao Wang,Changying Zhao,Xin Tong,Zhidong Zhang,Bing Li
To harvest and reuse low-temperature waste heat, we propose and realize an emergent concept—barocaloric thermal batteries based on the large inverse barocaloric effect of ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN). Thermal charging is initialized upon pressurization through an order-to-disorder phase transition, and the discharging of 43 J g−1 takes place at depressurization, which is 11 times more than the input mechanical energy. The thermodynamic equilibrium nature of the pressure-restrained heat-carrying phase guarantees stable long-duration storage. The barocaloric thermal batteries reinforced by their solid microscopic mechanism are expected to substantially advance the ability to take advantage of waste heat.
研究领域:
能量存储
·
材料科学
·
热力学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Kaite Peng,Xiaoyan Wang,Zhiyong Wang,Xianbo Jin
Advanced thermal batteries require new cathode materials with high thermal stability, high capacity, high voltage, and high-rate performance. Although antimony sulfide (Sb 2 S 3 ) has a high theoretical capacity, its low melting point characteristic hinders the application in thermal batteries. Here, we demonstrate that modifying with a small amount of graphite can effectively immobilize liquid Sb 2 S 3 to form a pellet electrode, which allows us to use cathodes made of this liquid active material just like traditional solid-state electrodes. The formation of such a solid-like liquid cathode can be attributed to graphite's affinity for Sb 2 S 3 while repelling the molten electrolyte. The electrochemical testing in LiCl-KCl eutectic at 560 °C and 600 °C indicates that, the performance of the graphite modified Sb 2 S 3 (gra@Sb 2 S 3 ) of optimized proportions far surpasses that of traditional FeS 2 , both in terms of discharge capacity and thermal stability. This study provides a strategy for developing new kind of liquid cathode materials for high-performance thermal batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 13.2
Qibing Wu,Xufeng Wang,Yuan Qin,Bin Shi,Bin Xiang,Xuefeng Zou
Due to its high voltage, high capacity, and high thermal stability, NiCl 2 is considered one of the best choices for cathode materials in high-power, high-capacity thermal batteries. However, its characteristic of being easily miscible with electrolytes at high temperatures poses a huge challenge to its application. This work proposed a simple, scalable strategy through using a commercial porous MgO (PMO) as absorber and buffer layer as well as an industrial-grade multilayer graphene (MLG) as conductive agent to manage the mutual solubility process and improve the electronic conductivity. Research finds that owing to strong coupling between components, the introduction of PMO and MLG can greatly improve the electrochemical stability of NiCl 2 , resulting in excellent thermal battery performance. When the content of PMO introduced is 8 wt%, the specific capacity of Li-B|EG|N-2 battery is 285.3 mA h/g (cut-off voltage at 2.0 V) at a current density of 200 mA cm −2 , almost 3.8 times than that of the pure NiCl 2 (only 73.4 mA h/g). When the current density is 500 mA cm −2 , its specific capacity can still reach 278.3 mA h/g. Meanwhile, its peak voltage reaches 2.461 V, while that of the pure NiCl 2 battery is only 2.38 V. Especially, it exhibits high initial voltage and continuous stable voltage output. Therefore, this work provides a feasible approach for the industrial preparation of highly stable NiCl 2 -based cathodes with excellent thermal battery performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）