FUEL
·
2022
·
IF 8.035
K. Radhakrishnan,P. Senthil Kumar,Gayathri Rangasamy,L. Praveen Perumal,S. Sanaulla,S. Nilavendhan,V. Manivasagan,K. Saranya
Plastic production has increased globally, and many of these plastic items are no longer in use. The plastic wastes end up as garbage, disposed of in landfills, or scattered, posing major health and environmental risks. In terms of sustainability, converting plastic trash into fuels or any other better option, individual monomers, is a far more environmentally friendly waste management option than landfill dumping. Nearly 1.3 billion metric tonnes of plastic are produced annually as businesses strive to meet the demands of consumers. Plastic is made through a process called polymerization, in which hydrocarbons are rearranged into new molecules. These hydrocarbons often have a high molecular mass, and they may also contain other chemicals to boost their performance. Plastic is a useful material because, among other things, it is durable, lasts a long time, is inexpensive, and has many other benefits. Because plastic can take decades to degrade if left alone, effective waste plastic disposal should be a top priority for every-one. Yet, growing industrialization and urbanization have contributed to a discernible rise in fuel demand. Finding renewable energy sources to replace fossil fuels is now a critical global priority. Plastics-to-gasoline conversion provides a means to solve both of these problems. By applying intense heat (more than 370 °C) and an oxygen-free environment, pyrolysis thermochemically decomposes organic materials. The byproducts of pyrolysis are carbon black, hydrocarbons, and pyrolysis oil. This review focuses on pyrolysis as it is the most popular and efficient method for turning polymers into fuels in comparison with other methods. This review comprises the knowledge of different types of plastics and their properties. The major discussion was focused on pyrolysis methods for recycling plastics. To have better knowledge competitive recycling method were discussed. The optimization parameter for recycling process, by-products of plastics, advantages and disadvantages of pyrolysis process are discussed to identify the drawbacks and research gaps. The pyrolysis method are potential for addressing waste plastic management and highlights the need for a reliable alternative fuel source.
研究领域:
环境科学
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能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2019
·Vol. 9
·期 5
·2343-2352
·
IF 3.049
Feng Zhao,Shuangde Li,Xiaofeng Wu,Renliang Yue,Weiman Li,Yunfa Chen
CuO–CeO2 nanocatalysts with different amounts of Mn dopping (Mn/Cu molar ratios of 0.5 : 5, 1 : 5 and 1.5 : 5) were synthesized by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) method and tested in the catalytic oxidation of CO. The physicochemical properties of the synthesised samples were characterized systematically, including using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), oxygen-temperature programmed desorption (O2-TPD), hydrogen-temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS). The results showed that the 1Mn–Cu–Ce sample (Mn/Cu molar ratio of 1 : 5) exhibited superior catalytic activity for CO oxidation, with the temperature of 90% CO oxidation at 131 °C at a high space velocity (SV = 60 000 mL g−1 h−1), which was 56 °C lower than that of the Cu–Ce sample. In addition, the 1Mn–Cu–Ce sample displays excellent stability with prolonged time on CO stream and the resistance to water vapor. The significantly enhanced activity was correlated with strong synergetic effect, leading to fine textual properties, abundant chemically adsorbed oxygen and high lattice oxygen mobility, which further induced more Cu+ species and less formation of carbon intermediates during the CO oxidation process detected by in situ DRIFTS analysis. This work will provide in-depth understanding of the synergetic effect on CO oxidation performances over Mn doped CuO–CeO2 composite catalysts through FSP method.
研究领域:
催化化学
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材料科学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 3.9
Zheng Ziming,Li Jingjing,Dong Xiaofei,Zeng Zifeng,Lin Kunhong,Li Jingling
The development of a simple and efficient method for preparing porous tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ) electrochromic films using structure-directing agents is highly urgent for their industrialization. To this end, this work presents an efficient approach using rapid co-pyrolysis of polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG-400) and ammonium metatungstate (AMT) to produce mesoporous WO 3 thin films. The findings indicate that the concentration of PEG influences both the wettability of the precursor solution on the FTO substrate and the state of the PEG micelle solution, ultimately leading to WO 3 films with diverse morphologies after the co-pyrolysis of AMT and PEG. The porous structure significantly enhances hydrogen ion intercalation/deintercalation, and thus improves electrochromic properties. The optimized electrochromic films demonstrate a 54.5% optical modulation range at 633 nm, fast switching times (2.8 s for coloration and 1.5 s for bleaching), and a coloration efficiency of 83.2 cm 2 C⁻ 1 . In pursuit of broader optical modulation capabilities, we further innovated by developing a multilayer porous film strategy, enabling precise control over thickness through repeated spin-coating/heating cycles. Remarkably, a three-layer configuration achieved an extraordinary optical modulation of up to 87.2%, ranking among the best performances reported in the electrochromic field. This novel methodology paves the way for expedited manufacturing of porous amorphous metal oxide films and positions the enhanced WO 3 film as a highly promising candidate for advanced electrochromic technologies. Graphical abstract
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nano Research
·
2018
·Vol. 11
·期 3
·1490-1499
·
IF 7.994
Du Haoran,Huang Kuangfu,Li Min,Xia Yuanyuan,Sun Yixuan,Yu Mengkang,Geng Baoyou
Porous hollow Co 3 O 4 microspheres have been synthesized from a mixed cobalt nitrate and urea solution through spray pyrolysis followed by calcination at 600 °C in air. This porous hollow Co 3 O 4 is assembled by nanoparticles and exhibits variable porosity depending on the amount of gas in the system. In pyrolysis process, urea continuously decomposes into gaseous components, which act as a template to control the porous structure. The amount of gas escaping from precursor droplets can directly influence the porosity of the microspheres and the size of the nanoparticles controlled by the ratio of urea to cobalt nitrate. Electrochemical measurements show that the performance of the porous hollow Co 3 O 4 microspheres is related to the porosity and size of the nanoparticles. The sample with optimal porosity delivers a high first charge capacity of 1,417.9 mAh·g −1 at 0.2C (1C = 890 mA·g −1 ), and superior charge cycle performance of 1,012.7 mAh·g −1 after 100 cycles. In addition, the optimized material displays satisfactory rate performance of 1,012.4 mAh·g −1 at 1C after 50 cycles and 881.3 mAh·g −1 at 2C after 300 cycles. Superior charge/discharge capacity, excellent rate performance and high yield achieved in this study is promising for the development of high-performance Co 3 O 4 anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源存储技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
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2020
·
IF 9.038
Lushi Sun,Tao Chen,Cailing Ba,T.R. Reina,Jie Yu
This work showcases cost-effective elemental mercury capture strategy enabled by bamboo saw dust and bromine flame retardant (BFR) derived sorbent prepared by a novel hydrothermal-pyrolysis method. The hydrothermal treatment of bamboo and BFR blend was conducted in subcritical water resulting in a hydrothermal char. Subsequently, the hydrothermal char was pyrolyzed in nitrogen atmosphere leading to an improved pore architecture. The resulting biomaterials were proven highly effective for Hg removal. A thorough analysis of the physicochemical properties of the samples was conducted by means of BET, SEM , XRD , XPS and FT-IR. Key parameters such as bamboo/BFR ratio, hydrothermal temperatures and pyrolysis temperatures influence Hg 0 removal capacity of our bio-sorbents. Overall, the optimal bamboo/BFR ratio, hydrothermal temperature and pyrolysis temperature are 2:1, 320 °C and 800 °C, respectively. Under these optimized conditions, a very promising elemental mercury removal efficiency of 99% is attained. The kinetics and mechanism of Hg 0 removal are also proposed. The experimental data fit well with a pseudo-second-order model, indicating that Hg 0 adsorption over sorbents was dominated by chemisorption . Our results indicate that the C–Br groups in sorbents provide active sites for oxidizing Hg 0 into HgBr 2 .
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN ELECTRONICS
·
2021
·Vol. 32
·期 4
·4125-4131
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IF 2.478
Zheng Han,Liu Ying
Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS), with a direct bandgap of 1.5 eV, is a primary candidate material for solar energy conversion applied in both photovoltaics and photocatalysis due to its tremendous reserves and environmental friendly components. Though the utilization of CZTS with phases of kesterite and wurtzite are extensive, until now, the synthesis and growth procedure of both phases are not clearly understood. In this work, we succeed in synthesizing CZTS microspheres with controlled phase through a facile method—ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP). By choosing ammonium thioglycolate and l -cysteine as sulfur source, which were found to be the key factor in the phase formation process, CZTS microspheres can be prepared in kesterite phase and wurtzite phase, respectively. After exposing the prepared CZTS microspheres under the Xe lamp irradiation, we found an apparently phase-dependent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution, in which the performance of kesterite phase CZTS sample was almost 2 times as high as that of wurtzite CZTS sample.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源转换
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光催化
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
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2020
·
IF 4.65
Guanjie Xing,Min Huang,Simeng Hao,Chuansheng He,Xiaohong Li,Louzhen Fan,Yunchao Li
To obtain high-capacity electrode materials and meanwhile actualize the reuse of scrap lead paste, a novel alkylamine-mediated thermolysis route is proposed herein for one-pot preparation of high-quality PbO nanomaterials , relying on the thermal decomposition of lead carboxylate in hot solvent in the presence of hexadecylamine (HDA). This synthetic route allows us to produce uniform PbO nanowires with a diameter of 7.1 nm and a length beyond 10 μm, and nanosheets and nanorings with a lateral size of ca. 310 nm on a gram scale, by simply tuning the alkylamine content or reaction time. In particular, we have employed various means to unveil the key role of HDA, i.e., precursor activation and surface passivation function, in the controlled preparation of such PbO nanomaterials. Impressively, when serving as the positive active materials for lead acid batteries (LABs), the anodes based on PbO nanowires displayed an excellent discharge performance: its discharge capacity and active material utilization ratios could reach 164.3 mA h/g and 68.5% respectively even at a discharge current density as high as 50 mA/g, which are superior to most of the previously-reported values. Such an excellent discharge performance was speculated to result from the synergization effect of the large ECSA, small charge transfer resistance and highly active exposed facets associated with the PbO nanowires.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nanoscale Research Letters
·
2020
·Vol. 15
·期 1
·1-10
·
IF 3.578
Xiao Chenhong,Zhou Zhongyuan,Li Liujing,Wu Shaolong,Li Xiaofeng
Hematite (α-Fe 2 O 3 ) material is regarded as a promising candidate for solar-driven water splitting because of the low cost, chemical stability, and appropriate bandgap; however, the corresponding system performances are limited by the poor electrical conductivity, short diffusion length of minority carrier, and sluggish oxygen evolution reaction. Here, we introduce the in situ Sn doping into the nanoworm-like α-Fe 2 O 3 film with ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. We show that the current density at 1.23 V vs. RHE ( J ph@1.23V ) under one-sun illumination can be improved from 10 to 130 μA/cm 2 after optimizing the Sn dopant density. Moreover, J ph@1.23V can be further enhanced 25-folds compared to the untreated counterpart via the post-rapid thermal process (RTP), which is used to introduce the defect doping of oxygen vacancy. Photoelectrochemical impedance spectrum and Mott-Schottky analysis indicate that the performance improvement can be ascribed to the increased carrier density and the decreased resistances for the charge trapping on the surface states and the surface charge transferring into the electrolyte. X-ray photoelectron spectrum and X-ray diffraction confirm the existence of Sn and oxygen vacancy, and the potential influences of varying levels of Sn doping and oxygen vacancy are discussed. Our work points out one universal approach to efficiently improve the photoelectrochemical performances of the metal oxide semiconductors.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Solar RRL
·
2020
·Vol. 4
·期 12
·2000551
·
IF 7.527
Muhammad Ishaq,Shuo Chen,Umar Farooq,Muhammad Azam,Hui Deng,Zheng-Hua Su,Zhuang-Hao Zheng,Ping Fan,Hai-Sheng Song,Guang-Xing Liang
Antimony sulfide (Sb 2 S 3 ) is emerging as a popular photovoltaic candidate for thin-film solar cells due to its large absorption coefficient, suitable bandgap, nontoxic, and earth-abundant nature. The performance of thermally evaporated Sb 2 S 3 devices is severely restricted by interfacial recombination leading to high open-circuit voltage ( V OC ) losses. CdS as electron transport layer (ETL) has overcome this problem, but triggered lower J SC issues due to parasitic absorption loss conceding to its smaller bandgap. Herein, a spray pyrolysis method is adopted for the deposition of a uniform and compact Zn-doped TiO 2 film with tuned energy levels to facilitate charge extraction and transport. The solar cell fabricated with a modified TiO 2 ETL holds superior interface quality, high build-in potential, and suppressed recombination losses, therefore pronouncedly improves the V OC . As a result, the efficiency of the device is boosted from 4.41% to 5.16%, a record V OC of 702 mV for Cd-free full-inorganic Sb 2 S 3 solar cell is achieved. These findings are expected to be implemented in other Sb-chalcogenide solar cells to further enhance the device performance.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
太阳能电池技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY
·
2018
·
IF 2.943
Shuai Mao,Rui Bao,Dong Fang,Jianhong Yi
Ag/AgX (X = Cl, Br) plasmonic photocatalysts were synthesized via a facile one-pot ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method, wherein no additional issues such as high pressure, surfactants and reducing agents were required. The structure, morphology, and optical property of the as-prepared photocatalysts was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), ultraviolet–visible light absorption spectra and total organic carbon (TOC). The results showed that Ag/AgX photocatalysts have excellent photocatalytic performance for the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) pollutants under visible light illumination, and the photocatalytic activity maintains a high level after seven cycles. Metallic Ag 0 particles nucleate on the surface of AgX uniformly through the thermal decomposition of residual AgNO 3 solution, which enhanced the interaction between Ag 0 and AgX. The outstanding photocatalytic activity benefits from the small size and high dispersion of Ag 0 nanoparticles and the enhanced interaction between Ag 0 and AgX.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POWDER TECHNOLOGY
·
2017
·
IF 2.942
Lanbo Li,Rui Bao,Jianhong Yi,Liang Liu,Shuai Mao
Uniform dispersion of carbon nanotube (CNT) and strong interface combination between nano‑carbon reinforcement and metal matrix are of extremely importance to fabricate CNT/metals composite by powder metallurgy method due to the hereditary effects. Therefore, in this paper, CNT/Cu composite powder was fabricated through Spray Pyrolysis (SP) to improve the dispersity and interface property . Nucleation and growth of Cu grains on the CNT surface occurred in the ultrasonic atomization of acetate (Cu(CH 3 COO) 2 ·H 2 O) solution droplets with mono-dispersed CNT. The microstructures of composite powder were investigated by TGA , Raman, XRD, FESEM and TEM analysis methods. Results show that structural integrity and purity of CNT can be enhanced by SP process at 500 °C. And CNT/Cu composite powder with uniform dispersion and good combination between CNT and Cu particles could be obtained by SP even though high composition of CNT was added. At last, the mechanisms of nucleation and growth were estimated based on the microstructure analysis .
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Results in Physics
·
2019
·
IF 3.042
Yang Zhou,Xiaoyuan Liu,Ke Wang,Jing Li,Xinglai Zhang,Xin Jin,Xinyue Tang,Xiuhui Zhu,Ruishi Zhang,Xin Jiang,Baodan Liu
Series of “Hopcalite” catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation are prepared through a facile ultra-sonic spray pyrolysis approach. It has been found that the spray pyrolysis temperature and Cu/Mn atomic ratio in initial precursors show significant impacts on the catalytic activity of Cu-Mn-O catalysts. The catalyst synthesized at 550 °C with Cu/Mn = 1/2 in precursor (Cu1Mn2-550) shows the highest catalytic activity towards CO oxidation (T 100 = 63 °C; E a = 17.04 KJ mol −1 ), owing to the formation of CuMn 2 O 4 phase with poor crystallinity. The synergistic effect of Cu and Mn species in spinel Cu-Mn-O phases attributes to the evaluated catalytic activity compared with those of pure oxides of copper or manganese towards CO oxidation. The results reveal that Cu1Mn2-550 not only provides more defects and vacancies to create more active sites, but also generates more highly active Cu (II) to promote CO oxidation. On the contrary, the decreasing amount of Cu (II) and the higher degree of crystallinity resulting from higher synthesis temperature lead to the deterioration of catalytic activity. Moreover, the phase transformation among the Cu x Mn 3-x O 4 spinels also shows significant effect on CO conversion rate. Finally, the formation mechanism of Cu-Mn-O catalysts and related CO oxidation process are discussed based on series of characterizations.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
催化材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）