SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2023
·
IF 8.6
Chen Li,Wei Liu,Fen Jiao,Congren Yang,Gonghao Li,Shiyang Liu,Wenqing Qin
Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD), an important secondary resource, is categorized as hazardous solid waste which contains multiple heavy metals such as zinc, lead and chromium. Smelting-Reduction is considered as an effective method to recover metal elements from EAFD. To efficiently separate the zinc, lead, iron and slag from EAFD, a novel and clean process developed to enhance reduction and lower smelting temperature through sodium carbonate was proposed herein. Thermodynamic analysis and laboratory experiments were carried out to determine the feasibility and reliability of this new process. The optimal conditions were determined as temperature of 1450 °C, sodium carbonate dosage of 4%, C/O of 0.8, holding time of 30 min and basicity of 0.8, and the corresponding volatilization of Zn and Pb could be 99.78% and 89.47% respectively; besides, the reduction of iron could reach 98.98%. Simultaneously, the recovery of iron reached 98.62% and the grade of iron amounted to 93.8%. The melting reduction process of zinc, lead and iron could be divided into three stages according to both the experimental results and the thermodynamic analysis. The short process which is characteristic of high efficiency and low energy consumption, aims to provide a clean and sustainable approach to utilize EAFD.
研究领域:
冶金工程
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环境科学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOM
·
2021
·Vol. 74
·期 2
·622-633
·
IF 2.474
Liu Zhihong,Ye Fengchun,Chen Rui,Wang Hongjun,Xia Longgong
Halogen-containing organic components in waste electrical and electronic equipment have an obvious influence on the distribution behaviors of valuable metals during the smelting processes. However, the mechanism is still incomplete in the literature. The equilibration-quenching-(ICP+EPMA) experimental technique has been applied in studying the partitioning behaviors of Au, Ag, and Sn in the Cu-FeO x -SiO 2 -CaO-Al 2 O 3 smelting system in the presence of halogen elements (F, Cl, Br). The obtained results showed that: (1) 93% Au terminated into the alloy phase in CaF 2 adding experiments, and a maximum of 32% Au reported to the gas phase in CaCl 2 or CaBr 2 adding experiments; (2) 22–49% Ag entered the gas phase when adding CaF 2 into the system, and 3–34% Ag entered into the gas phase when adding CaCl 2 or CaBr 2 ; and (3) halogen elements influenced Sn dramatically, and portions of Sn in the gas phase and slag phase increased along with increasing temperature or halides dosage.
研究领域:
冶金学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 2.799
Qingxia Ye,Zhen Li,Jin Liu,Di Wang,Ping Wang,Xianbiao Wang,Xianhai Hu
In this paper, the application of zone smelting to remove the trace heavy metal lead from waste acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (wABS) plastics was investigated. ABS standard samples with uniform and stable lead content were prepared by the method of lead stearate coupling agent. The structure, thermal stability, morphology and lead content of the standard ABS samples before and after zone smelting were characterized by FTIR, DSC, SEM and ICP-AES. The results showed that the lead content in the front and middle sections of the ABS sample decreased obviously after zone smelting, while the lead content in the tail increased significantly, and the structure, thermal stability and morphology remained basically unchanged.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境工程
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分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
·
2022
·
IF 8.91
Hua Long,Xinyu Huang,Meijia Liu,Changhao Cui,Li Li,Yang Liao,Dahai Yan
The improper disposal of large amounts of solid waste (SW) has led to serious ecological and environmental problems, especially heavy metal (HM) pollution. Converter steelmaking has the potential to co-process SW, but the distribution of heavy metals (HMs) during converter steelmaking is unclear. In this study, the effects of smelting temperature and slag alkalinity on the distribution of typical HMs in the SW of steel samples, steel slag , and the gas phase were investigated in a specially-made induction furnace. The results showed that upon increasing the smelting temperature, As (As 2 S 3 ) was mainly distributed in the steel sample, and the HM-containing compounds Cr 2 O 3 , CrCl 3 , ZnCl 2 , ZnS, ZnO, PbCl 2 , PbS, and PbO were mainly distributed in the gas phase. Upon increasing the alkalinity within a certain range, the distribution of HMs in steel samples and steel slag increased gradually, while their distribution in the gas phase decreased. Thermodynamic calculations , Eh-pH diagrams, XRD patterns, and XPS spectra indicated that impurity elements in the hot metal and the CaO content affected the chemical reactions by which HM-containing compounds in the steel sample formed elemental HMs and those in steel slag existed as oxides; therefore, it is necessary to choose a suitable temperature and alkalinity for slag when disposing of different types of SW.
研究领域:
环境科学
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冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2022
·
IF 5.532
Haoran Li,Yan Liu,JinJing Yang,Ming Yuan,Anle Sun,Tiesong Lin,Xuejian Liu,Zhengren Huang
A new La 2 O 3 -doped Y 2 O 3 crucible materials was fabricated and evaluated by TiAl alloys melting test. Microstructure and properties of the La 2 O 3 -doped Y 2 O 3 ceramics were systemically investigated. In addition, interfacial reaction mechanism of the La 2 O 3 -doped Y 2 O 3 crucible materials and TiAl alloys, together with oxygen content of TiAl alloys were discussed. Solid solution of La 3+ in the crystal lattice of Y 2 O 3 significantly improved sintering properties of the La 2 O 3 -doped Y 2 O 3 crucible materials and decreased the open porosity. Compared with pure Y 2 O 3 , when adding 15 wt% La 2 O 3 , the open porosity and strength retention ration after thermal shock test of the La 2 O 3 -doped Y 2 O 3 crucible materials changed from 10.8% to 3.9% and from 64% to 78%, respectively. The interfacial reaction between La 2 O 3 -doped Y 2 O 3 crucible materials and TiAl alloys belongs to physical dissolution, and no reaction products were found during the melting of TiAl alloys. When using the 15 wt% La 2 O 3 -doped Y 2 O 3 crucible materials to melt TiAl alloys, oxygen content of the TiAl ingot declined to 530 ppm, which was only one fourth of that using pure Y 2 O 3 materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2022
·
IF 5.532
Yichong Li,Han Zhang,Huizhong Zhao,Jun Yu,Jiuhong Ma,Li Feng,Yanli Liu
Management and utilization of solid waste are necessary for sustainable development in the metallurgical industry. This study focuses on the use of ferrotitanium slag (FTS) as a low-cost source of hibonite in the refractory lining of an aluminum-melting furnace. FTS enhances the resistance of castable samples to cryolite melt penetration but reduces their bulk density and cold mechanical strength . To explain this enhancement mechanism, we present a model in which the Al 2 O 3 and SiO 2 components in the castable samples react with the cryolite melt to form a high-viscosity barrier layer against the molten cryolite. Moreover, the well-developed calcium hexaaluminate crystals in FTS, which show excellent resistance against Na + and F − , prevent the penetration of cryolite melt through the FTS aggregate area, and reduce the penetration speed. By promoting high-efficiency resource utilization, this study contributes to the development of a circular economy in the metallurgical industry.
研究领域:
冶金学
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材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2021
·Vol. 14
·期 24
·7889
·
IF 3.623
Lixiang Zhu,Meishuai Zou,Xiaodong Zhang,Lichen Zhang,Xiaoxuan Wang,Tinglu Song,Shuo Wang,Xiaodong Li
The main problem for the application of hydrogen generated via hydrolysis of metal alloys is the low hydrogen generation rate (HGR). In this paper, active Al alloys were prepared using a new coupled method-melting-mechanical crushing-mechanical ball milling method to enhance the HGR at room temperature. This method contains three steps, including the melting of Al, Ga, In, and Sn ingots with low melting alloy blocks and casting into plates, then crushing alloy plate into powders and ball milling with chloride salts such as NiCl2and CoCl2were added during the ball milling process. The microstructure and phase compositions of Al alloys and reaction products were investigated via X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersed X-ray spectroscopy. The low-melting-point Ga-In -Sn (GIS) phases contain a large amount of Al can act as a transmission medium for Al, which improves the diffusion of Al to Al/H2O reaction sites. Finer GIS phases after ball milling can further enhance the diffusion of Al and thus enhance the activity of Al alloy. The hydrogen generation performance through hydrolysis of water with Al at room temperature was investigated. The results show that the H2generation performance of the Al-low-melting point alloy composite powder is significantly higher than the results reported to date. The highest H2generation rate and H2conversion efficiency can reach 5337 mL·min−1·g−1for the hydrolysis of water with 1 g active alloy.Keywords:aluminum alloys;melting-crushing-ball milling;hydrogen generation performance;hydrogen storage
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2021
·
IF 4.527
Zhiqian Yu,Zhihong Liu,Fengchun Ye,Longgong Xia
Pyrometallurgical processes have been widely recognised as the preferred technology for E-scrap recycling, and E-scrap smelting is usually accompanied by the formation of high-Al 2 O 3 -content slag. However, this slag can cause problems, such as refractory wear and even accelerated failure. Therefore, the corrosion mechanism of magnesia-chrome and alumina-chrome refractories in contact with FeO x -SiO 2 -CaO-Al 2 O 3 smelting slag was experimentally studied in the range of 1300–1400 °C, in air ( p O2 = 0.21 atm) and at p O2 = 10 -7 atm. The results showed that refractory-component dissolution and new phases formation were the major causes of refractory degradation. The dissolution of the refractory components increased along with both increasing temperature and decreasing Al 2 O 3 concentration in the initial slag. When decreasing the p O2 , the dissolution of MgO and Al 2 O 3 into the slag slowed down. New phases such as forsterite, anorthite, and spinel were detected at the interface between the slag and the bulk refractory. The formation of forsterite accelerated the refractory wear, whereas the newly formed (MgO,FeO)·(Cr 2 O 3 ,Fe 2 O 3 ,Al 2 O 3 ) spinel phase acted as a protective layer against further corrosion. A lower Al 2 O 3 concentration in the slag and a higher smelting temperature both densified the formed spinel layer. Additionally, a high oxygen partial pressure was beneficial to the formation of spinel in the magnesia-chrome refractory corrosion experiments. However, a low oxygen partial pressure was favourable for the formation of spinel on the surface of the alumina-chrome refractory materials . This study provides useful information for designing refractory materials and optimizing the processing parameters of E-scrap smelting.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
·
2022
·
IF 6.364
Yunsong Liu,Yuying Gao,Enhui Wang,Guangyao Chen,Enxia Xu,Fei Zhao,Yunsong Zhao,Chonghe Li,Xinmei Hou
The interfacial behavior between CaAl 12 O 19 -MgAl 2 O 4 spinel (CA 6 -MA) crucible and molten wrought Ni-based superalloys during the vacuum induction melting process have been comprehensively investigated, with Al 2 O 3 crucible included for comparison. Experimental and theoretical results suggest that CA 6 -MA crucible exhibits higher thermodynamic stability and poor wettability to the superalloy melt. Benefited from these merits, the superalloy ingot with cleaner surfaces and more metallic luster is obtained in the CA 6 -MA crucible. Furthermore, the total oxygen content in the superalloy ingots obtained from CA 6 -MA crucible is 17.9 ppm, which is considerably lower than that from Al 2 O 3 crucible (29.7 ppm). These results indicate that CA 6 -MA crucible can be a promising candidate for melting wrought Ni-based superalloys.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOM
·
2020
·Vol. 72
·期 9
·3195-3203
·
IF 2.054
Xie Boyi,Yang Tianzu,Liu Weifeng,Zhang Duchao,Chen Lin
The treatment of spent lead paste is essential for the recycling of spent lead-acid batteries. In this study, we propose a facile route for the recovery of lead from spent lead paste by pre-desulfurization followed by low-temperature reduction smelting. The effects of two desulfurization methods, i.e., high-pressure and normal-pressure processes, on the desulfurization efficiency of spent lead paste were compared. The high-pressure process was found to be more effective than the normal-pressure process; 99.1% of sulfur was removed under the high pressure conditions with NaOH excess of 1.1 at 150°C for 30 min. Moreover, a part of PbO 2 reacted with PbO to form Pb 3 O 4 . Afterwards, the desulfurized residue, mainly consisting of Pb 3 O 4 and PbO 2 , was directly used in low-temperature reduction smelting, and the optimum smelting conditions were determined to be: starch/Pb-residue mass ratio = 1/6.3; Na 2 O/Pb-residue mass ratio = 1/15; B 2 O 3 /Pb-residue mass ratio = 1/7.5; smelting temperature 700°C; and smelting duration 90 min. The lead recovery under the optimum conditions was as high as 93%. Scanning electron microscope images of the smelting slag showed that the smelting slag mainly consisted of PbO x and Na 2 O.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
·
2023
·
IF 8.4
Wei Jin,Shenghai Yang,Chaobo Tang,Yun Li,Cong Chang,Yongming Chen
Traditional bismuthinite concentrate precipitation smelting has problems of low recovery of valuable metals (e.g., Bi, Cu, Mo, and Ag), high fuel consumption, and high cost of SO2 flue gas treatment. Therefore, in this study, an eco-friendly alkaline smelting process was proposed to extract metallic bismuth and recover valuable metals. The phase equilibrium composition of the Bi2S3-Na2CO3-C system was revealed by thermodynamic simulations at different temperatures and reductant contents. Based on reaction product characterizations and thermodynamic simulations, the following reaction mechanism and suitable bismuth extraction path were confirmed: Bi2S3 first reacted with Na2CO3 to form Bi2O3 and Na2S, and the intermediate (Bi2O3) was then reduced to metallic Bi by both C and CO. Under optimized conditions (Wbismuthinite/WNa2CO3/Wcoke = 200:300:20, 900 °C, 150 min), up to 96.56% Bi, 75.07% Pb, and 85.11% Ag were enriched in crude bismuth, respectively, while 93.57% Cu, 70.23% Fe, 96.63% Mo, and 94.34% W entered the salt slag. More than 99.9% W and Mo were recovered as Na2WO4 and Na2MoO4, respectively, from the salt slag by water leaching. In the leaching residue, chalcopyrite, pyrite, and elemental sulfur could be recovered by flotation.
研究领域:
冶金学
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环境科学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2024
·
IF 5.1
Ruyuan Wang,Chao Zhao,Haolong Liu,Jinbao Long,Xuan Luo,Minghan Sun,Ning Li
TiNi alloys with excellent mechanical properties and unique functional characteristics show substantial potential for producing engineered structural components and biomedical materials. However, the high reactivity of molten TiNi poses significant challenges when ceramic crucibles are used in vacuum induction melting, inevitably resulting in severe ingot contamination. In this study, we report an innovative method for producing high-purity, low-contamination TiNi ingots by using a ZrN/AlN composite ceramic crucible. Fundamentally, this ZrN/AlN composite crucible fabricated with vacuum pressureless sintering technology, is characterized by its high relative density (>95 %) and absence of cracks. The ZrN/AlN composites exhibit impressive properties, including excellent flexural strength, high thermal conductivity, and exceptional thermal shock resistance. Notably, during induction melting, the crucible surface forms a dense TiN barrier layer, thereby protecting the crucible substrate. Compared with traditional oxide refractories, the as-prepared ingots have a low interstitial atom content (Wt. (O, N) < 1000 ppm), demonstrating the superior corrosion resistance of the ZrN/AlN composite crucible. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of crucible-melt interaction mechanisms and a promising method for producing high-purity TiNi alloys.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
冶金工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）