Defence Technology
·
2025
·
IF 5.9
Ting Liu,Jian Wang,Jie Chen,Cui Nie,Yaofeng Mao,Jun Wang,Ruolei Zhong,Wei Cao,Fude Nie
Aluminum (Al) powder is widely applied in thermobaric explosives due to its high energy density and favorable reaction kinetics. However, the inert oxide layer (Al 2 O 3 ) on Al particles limits combustion reactivity and energy efficiency. Fluoride-based surface modification has been developed as an effective approach to address this issue. Here, four classical fluoropolymers (F11, F14, PVDF, PTFE) are employed as coatings to prepare core-shell Al/Fluoropolymer. The combustion experimental results demonstrate that the core-shell Al/PTFE exhibits the highest flame propagation rate (52.88 mm·ms -1 ) and pressure output (109.02 kPa) performance. Consequently, core-shell Al/PTFE is selected as a high-energy fuel to prepare RDX/Al/PTFE microspheres via the emulsion and solvent evaporation method, which can enhance the energy performance of RDX. The effects of the core-shell Al/PTFE ratio and RDX content on the combustion heat and pressure output are systematically investigated. The peak pressure reaches a maximum of 187.8 kPa when the mass ratio of RDX, Al, and PTFE is 60: 25: 10. Additionally, RDX/Al/PTFE microspheres exhibit significantly higher laser-induced air shock velocities, detonation heat, and detonation pressure than those of pure RDX and RDX/Al. The mechanism underlying the enhanced reactivity and energetic performance is attributed to the ability of PTFE to etch the inert Al 2 O 3 shell on the surface of Al particles, thereby improving post-combustion reactions and significantly increasing the overall energy output of RDX explosives. This work offers a novel design strategy for high-energy structural thermobaric explosives for the practical applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
爆炸化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2023
·
IF 7.4
Yun Zhang,Wenjuan Li,Qing Pei,Xin Zhang,Zhuanghong Zhou,Sen Xu,Yanhua Lan,Fengyuan Jiao,Xueqiang Shi,Siyu Xu,Weiguo Cao
AlH 3 is considered to be the most promising high-energy additive and stearic acid (SA) is a common passivation coating material to enhance stability. To explore the effect of coating of SA on AlH 3 , flame propagation and reaction mechanisms are compared through ignition experiments and ReaxFF molecular dynamics, respectively. The flame propagation of AlH 3 /SA slowed down for ∼20 ms and the flame duration is longer for ∼50 ms, indicating that the combustion intensity is reduced. The combustion reaction of AlH 3 is initiated through the release of •H by H-Al breaking and further oxidizing to form H 2 O and Al-O clusters. The presence of SA results in more O and C atoms contained in the system and more reaction paths. The addition of C atoms and O atoms makes the maximum cluster molecular weight of AlH 3 /SA increase by 0.1 × 10^4 than AlH 3 . The results of flame propagation and reaction mechanisms verify that the stability of AlH 3 is improved by the coating of SA.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FirePhysChem
·
2023
·
IF 0
Jun Wang,Jie Chen,Wei Cao
Introducing additional oxidizers in aluminized explosives is an effective way to improve energy performance by enhancing the secondary combustion reaction. In this work, perfluorocarbon as oxidizer has been introduced into TATB/Al based energetic materials to improve combustion reaction and energy output performance. The uniform TATB/Al/perfluorocarbon composites are prepared through acoustic resonance mixed technology, and the energy and pressure output performance are fully studied in air blast and underwater explosion. A significantly exothermic peak derived from the reaction between fluorine and Al is observed between 540 and 580℃ for TATB/Al/perfluorocarbon. The heat of explosion of TATB/Al/perfluorocarbon is increased first and then decreased with F/Al ratio from 0 to 0.608. The highest heat of explosion is 6021 J/g for TATB/Al/perfluorocarbon with F/Al ratio of 0.274. Furthermore, the enhanced working capacity, the significantly enlarged fireball and relatively high overpressure are obtained for TATB/Al/perfluorocarbon. More importantly, the shock impulse and first bubble oscillation time of TATB/Al/perfluorocarbon have been increased by 23.2% and 21.18% during underwater explosion, respectively. The results further illustrate that adding perfluorocarbon is a feasible approach to enhance energy output due to combustion reaction between fluorine and Al, which can be applied in explosives and propellants.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
·
爆炸力学
✓ 已验证
DOI
Defence Technology
·
2023
·
IF 5.1
Jian Wang,Jie Chen,Yaofeng Mao,Yongjun Deng,Wei Cao,Fude Nie,Jun Wang
Metal (aluminum and boron) based energetic materials have been wildly applied in various fields including aerospace, explosives and micro-devices due to their high energy density. Unfortunately, the low combustion efficiency and reactivity of metal fuels, especially boron (B), severely limit their practical applications. Herein, multi-component 3D microspheres of HMX/B/Al/PTFE (HBA) have been designed and successfully prepared by emulsion and solvent evaporation method to achieve superior energy and combustion reactivity. The reactivity and energy output of HBA are systematically measured by ignition-burning test, constant-volume explosion vessel system and bomb calorimetry. Due to the increased interfacial contact and reaction area, HBA shows higher flame propagation rate, faster pressurization rate and larger combustion heat of 29.95 cm/s, 1077 kPa/s, and 6164.43 J/g, which is 1.5 times, 3.5 times, and 1.03 times of the physical mixed counterpart (HBA-P). Meanwhile, HBA also shows enhanced energy output and reactivity than 3D microspheres of HMX/B/PTFE (HB) resulting from the high reactivity of Al. The reaction mechanism of 3D microspheres is comprehensively investigated through combustion emission spectral and thermal analysis (TG-DSC-MS). The superior reactivity and energy of HBA originate from the surface etching of fluorine to the inert shell (Al 2 O 3 and B 2 O 3 ) and the initiation effect of Al to B. This work offers a promising approach to design and prepare high-performance energetic materials for the practical applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧与爆炸学
·
能源材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY
·
2018
·
IF 4.968
Wenjing Yuan,Anjian Xie,Ping Chen,Fangzhi Huang,Shikuo Li,Yuhua Shen
Finding an effective approach to prepare low-cost metal-free catalysts with excellent catalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a crucial challenge for the commercialization of fuel cells. Herein, a novel and effective combustion approach was designed in order to construct the three-dimensional porous carbon foam and followed by heat treatment in an NH 3 atmosphere. In the combustion process , sucrose was used as the carbon source to produce the carbon framework, sodium bicarbonate as the pore-foaming agent to form the porous structure . This synthetic route is novel, cost-effective and without using any templates, expensive equipment as well as highly toxic chemical reagents. Compared with the control samples, the typical product exhibits the excellent catalytic activity in terms of not only a positive onset potential and high current density , but also low H 2 O 2 yield and approximate four-electron reaction pathway in alkaline media . The reason may be attributed to the synergistic effect of the three-dimensional porous structure, high BET surface area (up to 1216 m 2 g −1 ) and effective nitrogen-doping of the product. In addition, the novel method is of great importance, which may guide future efforts for the development of other porous carbon-based materials for applications in multi-fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
·
能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Defence Technology
·
2022
·
IF 4.035
Yao-feng Mao,Qian-qian He,Jian Wang,Chuan-hao Xu,Jun Wang,Fu-de Nie
As a typical energetic composite, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/aluminum (Al) has been widely applied in explosives, pyrotechnics, and propellants due to its ultra-high energy density and intense exothermic reaction. In this work, the radial gradient (RG) structure of PTFE/Al cylinders with three different PTFE morphologies (200 nm and 5 μ m particles and 5 μ m fiber) and content changes are prepared by 3D printing technology. The effect of radial gradient structure on the pressure output of PTFE/Al has been studied. Compared with the morphology change of PTFE, the change of component content in the gradient structure has an obvious effect on the pressure output of the PTFE/Al cylinder. Furthermore, the relationships of the morphology, content of PTFE and the combustion reaction of the PTFE/Al cylinder reveal that the cylinder shows a more complex flame propagation process than others. These results could provide a strategy to improve the combustion and pressure output of PTFE/Al.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧动力学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Yaofeng Mao,Jie Chen,Jian Wang,Wei Cao,Jun Wang,Fude Nie
Fluorinated reactive materials as new energetic materials are widely studied because of their high combustion heat and the ability to release large amounts of gaseous products. In order to further improve combustion reaction and the energy release efficiency, structural processing strategy is usually adopted to construct unique microstructures for fluorinated reactive materials. In this work, it is found that fluorinated graphene (FG) and nano-aluminum (nAl) can be rapidly assembled by the intercalation-like method to form multilayer nanostructured energetic materials with particle mosaic. Based on this, the energy output performance of these multilayer nanostructured energetic materials can be effectively regulated by changing the ratio of FG to nAl. The shortest laser ignition delay time (8 ms) and the longest burning time (56 ms) can be achieved for the multilayer nanostructured energetic material with proper FG/Al ratio, while the burning rate of the sample spline can reach 14.83 cm/s. In addition, the reaction process of multilayer nanostructured FG/Al energetic materials depends upon oxygen content that participates in the reaction in different atmospheres, leading to the different pressure output performance. This study provides a promising strategy for the further application of fluorinated reactive materials in the field of energetic materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACTA ASTRONAUTICA
·
2024
·
IF 3.1
Haoqiang Sheng,Xiaobin Huang,Yuan Ji,Jie Zhang,Wenbin Hu,Zeming Ji,Xiangzhao Wang,Miaoshen He,Hong Liu
Controllable hydrocarbon fuel combustion and combustion path adjustment are effective but difficult approaches to achieve reliable ignition under extreme conditions. However, the effective mechanism to control the combustion characteristics of hydrocarbon fuels is still unclear. In this study, the fuel (Fuel 6) based on free radical relay combustion (FRRC) significantly expands the ambient temperature-based ignition limits of pure fuel and shows a weak temperature correlation with ignition delay time. In addition, Fuel 6 still has a 100 % ignition probability at 50 kPa (the corresponding ignition limit flight altitude increased from 0.9 km above sea level to 5.4 km). Gaussian simulations show the thermodynamic feasibility of FRRC and prove the relay effect. According to kinetic analysis , the combustion reactions can be adjusted based on FRRC and exhibit three types of oxidation reactions, of which the reaction activation energies are all lower than those of the oxidation reactions of pure fuel. Furthermore, the results of in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are consistent with the kinetic analysis based on thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric studies. The investigation of the combustion control mechanism under extreme conditions helps to broaden the ignition limit of the aviation engine combustor and to significantly improve the accurate control level of ignition under extreme conditions, providing theoretical support for solving the ignition problems of advanced aviation engines under extreme conditions.
研究领域:
能源科学
·
化学动力学
·
航空工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2024
·
IF 13.3
Wei Huang,Yao-feng Mao,Jie Chen,Jian Wang,Wei Cao,Xing-quan Zhang,Jun Wang
Aluminum/Polytetrafluoroethylene (Al/PTFE) composites have attracted a great deal of attention due to their remarkable energy density and wide range of applications. Unfortunately, the inert oxide layer (Al 2 O 3 ) on the surface of Al and the interfacial contact area between PTFE and Al seriously impact the combustion reaction kinetics and energy output efficiency. Here, an approach is utilized to significantly enhance the interfacial contact area between Al and PTFE through F 2601 serving as the bridging agent. The ignition, combustion reaction, and energetic performance (pressure and combustion heat) can be adjusted by varying the particle size of Al and PTFE content. The energy release efficiency of bridging Al/PTFE has been improved significantly as PTFE content increases and the particle size of Al decreases. The bridging Al/PTFE with 10 μm Al and nano Al exhibit a bright and wide flame, and a fierce flame propagation process, as well as much high pressure output (167.73 kPa and 199.92 kPa) and heat release (11879 J/g and 12322 J/g). Furthermore, the critical mass ratio (approximately 88/12) of bridging Al/PTFE for self-sustained combustion has been obtained for the first time. The improvement of energy output performance is attributed to the interfacial contact between PTFE and Al and the reaction of fluorine and Al 2 O 3 resulted from bridging Al/PTFE through F 2601 . The prepared bridging Al/PTFE with high energy output characteristics holds great potential in solid propellants, reactive materials, and other high-energy fuels.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧与爆炸学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials Research Express
·
2019
·Vol. 6
·期 11
·115526
·
IF 1.449
Kuibao Zhang,Baozhu Luo,Haibin Zhang
In this study, zirconolite-based ceramic powder was firstly fabricated from combustion reaction route. CeO2 was introduced as the surrogate of tetravalent actinides, which was directly immobilized by the single-phase zirconolite waste matrice. The results demonstrate that the crystalline incorporation of CeO2 is highly depended on the sintering temperature. 10 wt% CeO2 was directly immobilized into the zirconolite crystal structure under 1250 °C sintering, where Ce concurrently occupies the Ca and Zr sites. Higher CeO2 incorporation (15–25 wt%) leads to the formation of Ce-rich impurity phase and phase transformation from 2M-zirconolite to 3T-zirconolite. The Ce-bearing zirconolite waste forms exhibit the highest density and hardness after sintering at 1400 °C for 12 h. The aqueous durability was evaluated, where the 42 days LRCe values are 1.68 × 10–6 and 6.85 × 10–6 gm−2d−1 before and after the leachate treatment using nitric acid.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
核废料管理
·
陶瓷
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2022
·
IF 8.035
Jian Wang,Yaofeng Mao,Jie Chen,ZiJian Li,Jun Wang,Fude Nie
Boron (B) shows great potential applications in the military and aerospace industry due to its high calorific value. However, the reactivity is limited by the inert oxide layer (B 2 O 3 ) that covers the B particles. Herein, nano-Al, and Fluorographene (FG) are employed as coating materials to enhance the ignition and combustion efficiency of boron. When graphite fluoride (GF) was utilized as an oxidizer (the B/GF mass ratio is 1:9), the maximum heat release of B@nano-Al/GF (∼5.6 kJ/g) and B@FG/GF (∼5.4 kJ/g) were markedly higher than that of raw B/GF (∼2.5 kJ/g), ascribed to the self-activation effect of the coating layer. On this basis, the combustion experiments were performed and their performances were compared and studied. Specifically, the ignition delay time of B@nano-Al/GF and B@FG/GF was decreased to 320 ms 262 ms, respectively, compared with that of raw B/GF (380 ms) with 15 W laser power. This is consistent with the ignition burning test, where the B@6%nano-Al/GF and B@2%FG/GF have higher flame height than raw B/GF. However, the maximum pressure and pressurization rate decreased for B@6%nano-Al/GF and B@2%FG/GF because of the reduced amount of gas caused by decreased boron content. Additionally, the effects of the B/GF mass ratio (1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6) on the combustion performances of composites were fully studied. The pressure output, combustion reaction, and ignition delay time are reduced with B/GF mass ratios increased. This work could provide a general approach to improve the ignition and combustion performance of boron.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
航空航天工程
·
军事技术
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）