Metals
·
2022
·Vol. 12
·期 9
·1419
·
IF 2.695
Jie Wang,Hongtao Yang,Long Cheng,Pin Gao,Yanchun Li,Dongming Song
To improve the combustion stability and ignition performance of thermite, B/NC/CuO micro particles were prepared from boron (B), nano copper oxide (CuO), and nitrocellulose (NC) as an energetic binder through the electrospray technique. The burning rate dependency on boron content, ambient temperature, and pressure was estimated by compressing B/NC/CuO micro particles into columns. Scanning electron microscopy results show that the sizes of these particles mostly lie in the range of 3–4 μm. The particles are ignitable and burn consistently with minor variations in the conditions: B content (8.3–17%), ambient temperature (−50–55 °C), and ambient pressure (0.02–0.1 MPa). The optimum formula was observed for micro particles with 11 wt% B content. Compared with the ball milling sample, the standard deviation of the burning rate of the electrosprayed sample was reduced by 32%. Combustion is barely affected by ambient pressure. Between −50 °C to 55 °C, the burning rate of B/NC/CuO increases by 14.16% from an initial rate of 13.35 mm⋅s−1. In addition, the laser ignition energy required for B/NC/CuO microparticles was also reduced from 70 to 45 mJ.Keywords:boron;thermite;burning rate;combustion performance
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY & FUELS
·
2021
·
IF 3.605
Beibei Feng,Yitong Zhai,Lidong Zhang
The combustion and catalytic combustion of ethanol (a typical bioalcohol) at atmospheric pressure and an equivalence ratio of ϕ = 3 were investigated in a flow reactor. Reactants, important intermediates, and products were detected and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. For ethanol combustion, the hydrogen abstraction reaction attacked by OH radicals is the initial pathway for ethanol consumption. Acetaldehyde is regarded as an important intermediate in ethanol combustion through kinetic analysis. However, catalytic combustion of ethanol over γ-Al2O3 is dominated by bimolecular and unimolecular dehydration reactions to produce diethyl ether and C2H4, while Pd/γ-Al2O3 can strongly oxidize ethanol to CO2 with a dramatic decrease in the decomposition temperature. To further understand the mechanism of catalytic combustion, pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of ethanol were also explored. The product distribution in catalytic pyrolysis demonstrated weaker coke deposition over γ-Al2O3 in comparison to catalytic combustion. In addition, the deactivation of Pd/γ-Al2O3 at high temperatures was probably due to the increase in the concentration of oxygenated species to cover the active Pd site. The apparent activation energy was estimated by the Arrhenius equation to illustrate the difference in primary reaction channels. This work bridges the gap between combustion and catalytic combustion of ethanol, which is beneficial for the improvement of catalytic performance and control of pollutants by combining pyrolysis and combustion.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
·
能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2023
·Vol. 13
·期 37
·25853-25861
·
IF 3.9
Wenzhe Ma,Yanjing Yang,Yuxin Jia,Dongxiao Fu,Fengqi Zhao,Kangzhen Xu
Metal organic complexes are regarded as a series of promising combustion catalysts for solid rocket propellants. Their effects on the combustion performance of propellants are closely related to the reaction mechanism. Here, the metal–organic complex Cu(Salen) was investigated as a candidate material for the combustion catalyst of the HMX-added composite modified double-base propellant (HMX-CMDB). The combustion performance of the propellant was found to be evidently enhanced in the presence of Cu(Salen) compared with the propellant samples containing Benzoic-Cu or without catalyst. The addition of Cu(Salen) can improve the burning rate and combustion efficiency of the propellant – and greatly reduce the burning rate pressure index. Analysis shows that the addition of Cu(Salen) can increase the combustion area, flame brightness and combustion surface uniformity of the propellant to a higher degree. The sample can spray more beams of bright filaments on the flat combustion section, and the amount of gas generated by decomposition also greatly increases. In addition, Cu(Salen) shows amazing advantages in improving the surface of the propellant and the temperature gradient of the combustion flame.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2025
·
IF 7.5
Liuling Yin,Hua Yang,Xi Cao,Changsheng Bu
Oxygen carrier-aided combustion (OCAC) in biomass combustion has the potential to improve fuel conversion efficiency and reduce CO 2 emissions. However, the key mechanisms of oxygen carriers (OCs) in OCAC remain unclear, and the influence of biomass ash on combustion characteristics hinders the industrial application of this technology. In this study, a bench-scale bubbling fluidized bed experimental apparatus is employed, utilizing three types of biomass (sawdust, rice husk, and wheat straw) as fuels, and AR-Fe 2 O 3 , hematite, and steel slag as OCs. The focus is on assessing the influence of OCs on the combustion characteristics of biomass, as well as exploring the effects of ash on these characteristics, all within the atmosphere of 10% O 2 and 90% CO 2 maintained at a temperature of 850℃.The results indicate that AR-Fe 2 O 3 , with high lattice oxygen content and substantial oxygen storage capacity, does not engage in competitive gaseous oxygen (O 2 (g)) uptake with biomass char but instead facilitates efficient oxygen transfer, accelerates the carbon reaction rate, shortens the burnout times, and elevates the generation of CO. Conversely, hematite and steel slag reduce CO generation through low content lattice oxygen reactions with CO, then the oxygen vacancies compete with biomass char for O 2 (g), leading to slower combustion rates and longer burnout times. Although ash in raw biomass char maybe hinder combustion, the structural modifications induced by demineralization are dominant under short reaction times, significantly enhancing combustion performance. The findings providing a guidance for OC selection and biomass pretreatment strategies, supporting the optimization of OCAC for industrial biomass energy applications.
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2025
·
IF 1.5
Wenke Zhang,Jianzhong Liu,Huanhuan Gao,Haitian Gong
To investigate the detailed combustion processes of solid propellant components near the burning surface, this study develops a microscopic ignition and combustion experimental method and establishes a corresponding test system. A high-power microscope and image sensor are employed to continuously record the ignition and combustion of thin-film solid propellants (TFSP, AP/HTPB/Al). By integrating existing theories with image processing techniques, the combustion behavior of AP, Al, and the TFSP as a whole is analyzed in detail. A refined combustion surface model is constructed based on decomposition results, offering theoretical support for ignition combustion modeling and its integration with agglomeration models. Quantitative analysis reveals that reducing AP particle size in TFSP significantly enhances burning rate and combustion surface irregularity. This approach enables the observation of finer combustion behaviors and provides a novel perspective for solid propellant ignition and combustion research.
研究领域:
固体推进剂燃烧
·
微观分析
·
燃烧建模
·
含能材料
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
·
2022
·
IF 5.767
Yan Zhang,Chuangchuang Cao,Bowen Mei,Jiabiao Zou,Long Zhao,Jiuzhong Yang,Yuyang Li
This work investigated the flow reactor pyrolysis of n -pentylbenzene using synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (SVUV-PIMS) at 0.04 and 1 atm, and measured the laminar burning velocities (LBVs) of n -pentylbenzene in a high-pressure constant-volume cylindrical combustion vessel at 473 K, 1–10 atm and equivalence ratios ( ϕ ) of 0.7–1.5. A kinetic model of n -pentylbenzene combustion was developed from our previous models of n -butylbenzene and validated against the present experimental data. The unimolecular decomposition reactions and H-abstraction reactions are the dominant consumption pathways of n -pentylbenzene under pyrolysis conditions. Aromatic intermediates with unsaturated side-chains play crucial roles in indene and naphthalene formation, while phenyl and benzyl are precursors of unfused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which in turn convert to fused tricyclic PAHs. In the laminar flame propagation, small species reactions are crucial under lean conditions, while chain-termination reactions, especially fuel-specific reactions, show important inhibition effects on the laminar flame propagation under rich conditions. Furthermore, the effects of side-chain length on the pyrolysis and laminar flame propagation of alkylbenzenes were also investigated for toluene, ethylbenzene , n -propylbenzene, n -butylbenzene and n -pentylbenzene. It is concluded that alkylbenzene smaller than n -butylbenzene tends to decompose at low temperature as the side-chain length increases, while n -butylbenzene and n -pentylbenzene have very close decomposition temperature regions. For indene and naphthalene formation, decomposition/cyclization reaction sequences of C 9 and C 10 alkenylbenzenes have rapidly increasing importance in the pyrolysis of large alkylbenzenes. Benzyl is concluded to play an important role in inhibiting laminar flame propagation of alkylbenzenes, which is an important reason for the observations that toluene and ethylbenzene have the lowest and highest LBVs, respectively.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
燃烧学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2025
·
IF 7.5
Hui Li,Jiankan Zhang,Fengqi Zhao,Xuefeng Huang
Optimizing the ignition and combustion characteristics of Al by fluorine-containing oxidizers have attracted significant interest. However, few of them dedicated to alleviate the incomplete combustion of Al in propellant. Herein, we demonstrated that the combustion of micron-Al in AP free nitramine-based propellants can be greatly enhanced by thin coating layer of PVDF, resulting decreased volume fraction of agglomerates exceeding the initial particle size and active Al content in condensed combustion products (CCPs). After extensive analysis from thermal reactivity, single particle ignition and observation of particles evolution from burning surface to flame zone, we propose that the combustion efficiency is promoted by the fragmentation of chain structured aluminum skeleton by gas recoil near burning surface, oxidation acceleration by diffusion of Al and oxidative gas through the cracks among the particle shell in the dark zone and the subsequent ejection of molten Al triggered by gasification of low boiling point AlF 3 in the flame zone. The findings in this work suggest that core–shell Al@PVDF has a great potential to be further used in the development of future highly energetic solid propellants.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧学
·
推进剂技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY
·
2022
·
IF 8.857
Yanwu Ji,Yunlan Sun,Baozhong Zhu,Jianzhong Liu,Yuxin Wu
Aluminum (Al) powder as an additive can enhance the specific impulse of propellants. However, it is hard to completely burn due to its aggregates in the combustion of propellants. To improve the combustion of Al powder, calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) was added to micron-sized Al powder to form the Al/CaF 2 mixture, whose thermal behaviors, ignition and combustion performance, and combustion products were investigated. Micron-sized Al powder with CaF 2 addition can decrease its ignition delay time and increase its self-sustaining combustion time. The corresponding values can be decreased by more than 65% and increased by more than 16%, respectively. Compared with micron-sized Al powder, an obvious gas-phase combustion occurs in the Al/CaF 2 mixture. The agglomeration mechanism of Al combustion in the Al/CaF 2 mixture were analyzed. On the one hand, the uneven distribution of oxidant leads to a pressure difference during combustion to accelerate Al agglomeration; on the other hand, the melting-agglomeration-combustion process occurs because the melting temperature and the ignition temperature of Al have a big difference. In addition, an improved Al combustion mechanism was established.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2015
·Vol. 5
·期 123
·101416-101426
·
IF 3.84
Lin-Lin Liu,Guo-Qiang He,Ying-Hong Wang,Song-Qi Hu
A facility was designed to collect the primary combustion products of boron-based fuel-rich propellants under different chamber pressures. The morphology and particle size of condensed-phase products were analyzed using a laser particle size analyzer and a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and chemical analysis of condensed-phase products was carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser Raman spectrometry, wet chemical analysis and elemental analysis. In addition, organics in condensed-phase products and gaseous products were analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) and Gas Chromatography (GC), respectively. The results show that the condensed-phase products mainly consist of B, C, B4C (or B12C2), BN, Mg, MgO, MgAl2O4, Al, Al2O3, AlCl3, NH4[Mg(H2O)6]Cl3, NH4Cl and Fe3O4; there are large amounts of boron oxide and boron carbide in the condensed-phase products, which indicates that elemental boron is highly active during the primary combustion process; a higher chamber pressure may be disadvantageous to the secondary combustion efficiency because more inactive boron carbide, graphite and h-BN (especially boron carbide) are produced.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Xin Li,Ruixuan Xu,Hao Zhang,Heng Deng,Qi-Long Yan,Hongqi Nie
Aluminum (Al) can significantly improve the energy density and specific impulse (I sp ) of solid rocket propellants as the primary metal fuel, but its incomplete combustion results in an undesirable energy release performance. The strategy of fuel/oxidizer interfacial control has been proved to effectively enhance the reaction efficiency of Al-based composites and thus improving the combustion properties of solid propellants. Ammonium perchlorate (AP) is commonly used as a high-energy oxidizer in solid propellant, and its thermal decomposition behavior directly affects the combustion characteristics of propellants. The addition of combustion catalysts can decrease thermal decomposition temperature and increase thermal reactivity of AP. As an emerging catalytic material, MoO 3-x quantum dots (QDs) with oxygen vacancies possess a high specific surface and strong charge adsorption capacity, which renders it a great potential for catalyzing AP. In this study, MoO 3-x QDs were introduced as catalyst and compared with traditional nano-metal oxides (M x O y ), the spherical Al@AP/M x O y composites with polydopamine as interfacial layer were prepared by spray drying method. The particle morphology, thermal decomposition kinetics and ignition properties of Al@AP/M x O y were investigated. The phase composition, morphology and particle size distribution for the condensed combustion products of composites were further analyzed. The decreased particle size and less unreacted Al content in CCPs indicated the increase of combustion efficiency between Al and AP. In particular, Al@AP/MoO 3-x has the higher heat of reaction, lower thermal decomposition temperature and small CCPs particle size distribution, which collectively suggested that the MoO 3-x is capable to improve the thermal reactivity of Al@AP composites with a higher combustion efficiency.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
燃烧与推进
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
·
2025
·
IF 7.8
Guanxiang Wang,Chaoqun Li,Wenqing Xu,Xianchun Li,Yixi Wang,Tingyu Zhu
High proportion flue gas recirculation reduces oxygen content, affecting sintering production. To address combustion inhibition under low oxygen conditions, this study examines the impact of quasi-particle structure on combustion characteristics in hypoxic environments. The combustion characteristics of one-dimensional quasi-particles were quantitatively analyzed using non-isothermal and isothermal thermogravimetric experiments. The reactivity index and reaction rate constant of CaO-coated coke increased by 26.6% and 15%, respectively, compared to pure coke under 15% O₂ conditions. Subsequent studies have shown that CaO-coating increases the number of active sites and extends the diffusion path of combustion products, significantly enhancing the catalytic combustion effect. These findings were used to propose a CaO premixed low-oxygen sintering scheme. The effect of low-oxygen sintering of two-dimensional discrete fuels on production indexes was investigated by sintering pot experiments. Experimental results indicate that CaO premixing increases vertical sintering speed by 6.33%, enhancing productivity by 5.45%. Furthermore, the melting time of the surface layer is prolonged by 50%, leading to a 12.6% yield increase and a 1.9% improvement in drum strength. This study confirms that CaO premixing meets production requirements at 15% O 2 , thus providing data basis for improvements in the sinter flue gas recirculation rate.
研究领域:
冶金工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
VACUUM
·
2023
·
IF 4
Erhai An,Yingxin Tan,Cunjuan Yu,Ying Zhang,Haihong Liu,Xiong Cao,Peng Deng,Xiaoxia Li
Nano Silicon (Si) powder has become a new type of solid fuel in recent years because of its high energy density , large gas production, and low agglomeration behavior. Optimizing and improving its energy release performance is an important challenge. In this paper, DAP-4, an energetic molecular perovskite material with high energy and strong oxidation , was introduced as the oxidant to prepare DAP-4/Si composites, and its combustion properties were studied. The thermal decomposition , combustion performance, as well as their combustion product properties, were studied. The results showed the thermal decomposition properties of DAP-4/Si composites still keep stable (>370 °C), and the combustion properties of DAP-4/Si composites first increase with Si content and then reduced. It was confirmed that DAP-4/Si with the ratio of 6.5:3.5–6:4 had a better burning intensity than the other ratios. The combustion mechanism of DAP-4/Si composites was proposed based on the ignition and combustion characteristics of DAP-4/Si composites. This work may provide a further reference for the application of DAP-4 into solid propellant formulation.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
高能材料
·
燃烧科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）