Reaction Chemistry & Engineering
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2020
·Vol. 5
·期 6
·1093-1103
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IF 3.441
Jinyu Shi,Peng Zhu,Shuangfei Zhao,Ruiqi Shen,Huanming Xia,Hanyu Jiang,Siyu Xu
The crystal morphology of explosives has a great influence on their detonation performance and safety. In order to realize the crystal morphology control of explosives, a new strategy based on microfluidics was proposed. The new strategy consisting of morphology predictions and microfluidic verification experiments has the characteristics of excellent accuracy, less sample consumption, and fast verification. The shapes and sizes of explosives were predicted by simulations and theoretical analysis with different solvents, respectively. Considering an ideal crystallization environment for verification experiments, the parameters of the microfluidic platform were optimized. Under the optimal parameters, the verification experiments were conducted using a microfluidic platform. Here, we used hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW, also known as CL-20) as a sample to study the applicability of the new strategy for crystal morphology control of explosives. The optimized flow rate ratio and number of chambers were adapted to the verification experiments. It was found that the thicknesses of HNIW have positive correlation with the polarities of the solvents and the sizes have negative correlation with the concentrations, which is in line with predictions. This study demonstrates the feasibility of an efficient, accurate strategy to realize the crystal morphology control of explosives based on a microfluidic platform.
研究领域:
化学工程
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材料科学
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爆炸物研究
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DOI
高影响因子
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
·
2021
·Vol. 45
·期 32
·14655-14664
·
IF 3.591
Jing Yan,Xiaomin Song,Bo Jin,Rufang Peng
Nitro explosive photocatalytic degradation is of great importance. Herein, novel and efficient polyethylenimine-g-C3N4/BiOCl (PEI-CN/BC) heterojunctions were constructed through electrostatic self-assembly. Zeta potential results showed that the PEI-CN surface was positively charged. Transmission electron microscopy findings proved that PEI-CN and BC successfully formed a close contact PEI-CN/BC heterostructure. The photocatalytic effect of PEI-CN/BC on PNP degradation was also investigated under simulated light conditions. The results showed that the obtained 1PEI-CN/2BC (mass ratio of PEI-CN to BC was 1 : 2) had the best photocatalytic effect and could completely degrade PNP in 90 min. The apparent rate constant (k) of the reaction was 21.9 and 4.0 times that of PEI-CN and BC alone, respectively. Photoelectrochemistry and photoluminescence results showed that the improved electron–hole separation was the main reason for the superior photocatalytic performance of PEI-CN/BC. Free radical trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance measurements revealed that superoxide radicals were the major active substance in the photodegradation. This work provides inspiration and alternatives in designing new efficient 2D/2D heterogeneous photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of nitro explosive wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2021
·
IF 13.273
Jinyu Shi,Peng Zhu,Shuangfei Zhao,Cong Xu,Fanyuhui Yan,Ruiqi Shen,Huanming Xia,Hanyu Jiang,Siyu Xu,Fengqi Zhao
The spheroidization of explosives with micro/nano hierarchical structure is a feasible and efficient way to meet the requirements of energy and safety. In order to achieve the expectation, a microfluidic strategy consisting of a spheroidization model and verification experiments was proposed. The model states a possible spheroidization process and three spheroidization types by theoretical analysis. Furthermore, a continuous microfluidic platform was established for the verification experiments, which is consisting of a combinatorial microfluidic module and a spray-drying module. Here we used HNS (2,2′,4,4′,6,6′hexanitrostilbene) to verify the applicability of the strategy. The spheroidization process was verified by deconstructing HNS microspheres and adjusting the internal-outside pressure at the microscale . The spheroidization types were verified by tuning flow rate ratios of the solvent and antisolvent. It was found that the model is quite applicable for the spheroidization of micro/nano hierarchical structure by microfluidics. According to the detonation test, it was found the HNS microspheres have similar firing sensitivity to nano HNS under short-pulse shock wave, which means the better fluidity and higher bulk density can be realized while retaining the firing sensitivity. This study demonstrates an efficient, safe strategy to realize the high-quality spheroidization and continuous preparation of explosives with micro/nano hierarchical structure.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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纳米技术
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energetic Materials
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2022
·
IF 2.421
Xiaopeng Zhang,Yige Wu,Pengcheng Wang,Qiuhan Lin,Shusen Chen,Shaohua Jin,Yuangang Xu,Ming Lu
As a new structural motif, an interesting 3D energetic metal – framework of silver ions and 3,4-diaminofurazan, [Ag+(daf)NO3−]n, is successfully synthesized and the structure is determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The effects of hydrogen bond, coordination bond, adsorption and filling interactions make this compound have a high density (2.694 g·cm−3 at 293 K). The calculated detonation velocity and the sensitivities are all comparable with trinitrotoluene (TNT). The onset decomposition temperature is equal to hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), state-of-the-art explosive. This framework provides a potential superiority of E-MOFs for energetic materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
·
2025
·
IF 4.3
Xiaomin Song,Donghan Jia,Shanhu Sun,Xiaoyu Sun,Haobin Zhang,Shiliang Huang,Huiyang Gou,Jie Sun,Jinjiang Xu
Supramolecular assembly has emerged as a promising strategy to drive the development of high-performance energetic materials (HEDMs). In this study, we reported the fabrication of novel HNIW/N 2 host–guest explosives using DAC combined with pressure–temperature (P-T) strategy. The molecular composition and crystal structure were analyzed through Raman spectroscopy, synchrotron radiation XRD and DFT calculations. High-pressure Raman spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations confirmed the stabilizing effect of nitrogen on structural stability of explosive crystals. Remarkably, HNIW/N 2 exhibited superior detonation performance (D V = 9646 m/s, P = 43.4 GPa), and the formation mechanism of host–guest explosives was illustrated from the perspective of crystal stacking. The newly constructed HNIW/N 2 host–guest explosives realized the green and safe incorporation of nitrogen, as well as enhanced the structural stability and detonation performance for explosive crystals. The study can offer valuable insights into the design of advanced energetic materials and underscore the potential of supramolecular assemblies in this field.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学
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DOI
高影响因子
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
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2020
·
IF 6.785
Yong Liu,Jiguang Li,Guangfa Wang,Baiyi Zu,Xincun Dou
Although colorimetric detection based on reagents has been widely used in the fields of practical trace analysis, its versatility for detecting multitargets remains the most challenging problem. As a proof of concept, a general colorimetric reagent based on potassium isopropanol (C3H7KO) and dimethyl sulfoxide for one-step instantaneous detection and discrimination of typical military and improvised explosives was designed. Vivid colors from none to purple red, blue green, yellow green, and green were shown, respectively, when detecting 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT), elemental sulfur (S), and potassium permanganate (KMnO4). The unique design including the specific nucleophilic addition reaction and the base-catalyzed oxidation-induced electron transfer ensures perfect selectivity even upon facing more than 20 interferents. It is further experimentally demonstrated that the confinement effect introduced by Tween-20 plays an essential role in enhancing the color signal on the surface and thus boosts the detection performance even with a mass as low as 1.45 ng. The applicability of this versatile colorimetric reagent was further verified by integrating the reagent onto paper strips for the in-field identification of TNT, DNT, S, and KMnO4 with the help of a portable smartphone-based microscope apparatus, and a practical detection mass of 10.3 ng could be realized. We expect the present colorimetric reagent design strategy would pave a way for one-step instantaneous visual detection toward trace multianalytes.
研究领域:
分析化学
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爆炸物检测技术
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Analytical Methods
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2020
·Vol. 12
·期 33
·4123-4129
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IF 2.596
Wei Liu,Zihao Song,Yifan Zhao,Yu Liu,Xuan He,Sheng Cui
Sensitive and reliable methods for explosives detection are of significance in homeland security due to the serious threats of explosives in terrorist attack events. However, such suitable sensors are still rare. Herein, porous silica aerogels decorated with silver nanoparticles (SiO2–Ag hybrids) were prepared and applied as a flexible SERS substrate for ultrasensitive explosives detection. It is worth noting that the silica aerogel we prepared had good flexibility compared with traditional silica aerogels, which effectively avoided structural damage during sample collection. Also, because of excellent adsorption performance provided by the silica aerogel, trace explosive 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) could be enriched and realized by label-free detection. Combined with the plasma enhancement provided by Ag NPs decorated around these porous aerogels, the limit of detection for explosive NTO was as low as 7.94 × 10−10 M. As far as we know, this SiO2–Ag hybrid SERS substrate was firstly used for the detection of explosives. It presented good sensitivity and reproducibility for analyte sensing. Most importantly, this is a label-free method for trace explosives detection and has a good application prospect in homeland security.
研究领域:
材料科学
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分析化学
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公共安全
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Chemical Science
·
2015
·Vol. 6
·期 8
·4445-4450
·
IF 9.211
Peng Wu,Chaoying Xu,Xiandeng Hou,Jing-Juan Xu,Hong-Yuan Chen
Fingerprints are a unique characteristic of an individual. Recently, it has been realized that fingerprints carry more information about individuals than just their identity, for example, they may identify potential addicts and terrorists carrying explosives. Therefore, the development of imaging moieties capable of both fingerprint staining and drug/explosive visualization is of significant importance for forensic chemistry. Here we developed a nanohybrid comprising green- and red-emitting QDs for simultaneous fingerprint imaging and TNT visualization in fingerprints. The red-emitting Cu-doped ZnCdS (Cu–ZnCdS) QDs were embedded into silica nanoparticles and the green-emitting ZnCdS QDs were anchored onto the surface of the silica nanoparticles and further functionalized with polyallylamine (PAA). Both components of the nanohybrid, i.e., the PAA-functionalized green QDs and red QD-doped silica nanoparticles, could be explored for fingerprint imaging. Due to the formation of a Meisenheimer complex between TNT and PAA, the green-emitting QDs could be quenched by TNT, meanwhile the red-emitting QDs were inert. Therefore, the nanohybrid exhibited a traffic light-type fluorescence color change (green-yellow-red) to TNT concentration in the range of 40–400 μM. This method is promising for potential applications in security-screening needs in public areas such as airports and train stations.
研究领域:
法医学
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材料科学
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化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Molecular Systems Design & Engineering
·
2018
·Vol. 3
·期 2
·364-375
·
IF 0
Xiaohong Chen,Xundao Liu,Jianlong Lei,Li Xu,Zihao Zhao,Fahmeeda Kausar,Xinyue Xie,Xinyuan Zhu,Yongming Zhang,Wang Zhang Yuan
Nonconventional luminogens without remarkable conjugation have attracted significant attention due to their scientific and technical importance. Their emission mechanism, however, is still under debate. Recently, we proposed the clustering-triggered emission (CTE) mechanism, namely the clustering of nonconventional chromophores and subsequent electron cloud overlap (delocalization) together with simultaneous conformation rigidification, to rationalize the emission. To further check it, nonaromatic polyurethanes (PUs) bearing carbamate (NHCOO) groups were designed and synthesized. While being virtually nonemissive in dilute PU/DMF solutions, PUs are found to be highly emissive when concentrated or aggregated as powders and films. Furthermore, room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is detected from the solid powders and films. Clustering of NHCOO groups and electronic communications among carbonyl (CO) units, N and O atoms are accountable for the emission. Such stereoelectronic interactions were also corroborated by the liquid IR (LIR) measurement. In addition, the aggregates of PUs are also useful for explosive detection and cell imaging.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学
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生物医学工程
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产品关联
DOI
Energetic Materials Frontiers
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2021
·
IF 0
Jue-yong Ning,Jin-bo Liu,Jian-zhe Liu,Qing-hua Zhang,Wen-quan Zhang,Huan-ming Xia,Rui-qi Shen,Peng Zhu
A multi-parallel recrystallization system based on microfluidic technology was established for rapid recrystallization-condition screening and small-batch preparation of high-quality explosives. The system employs a T-shaped tree chip and four parallel oscillating flow microreactors to scale up the microfluidic system and to realize multi-channel explosive preparation. Explosive 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105) was used to study the ability of the multi-parallel recrystallization system in the screening of recrystallization conditions including solvent types, the ratio of anti-solvent flow rate to solvent flow rate, and surfactant types. Results show that the system can effectively screen the preparation conditions of LLM-105 and simultaneously prepare 2,2′,4,4′,6,6′-hexanitrostilbene (HNS), 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) with high-quality crystal morphology.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
材料科学
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DOI
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2020
·
IF 3.862
Cheng Liu,Yuemin Li,Manxia Zhang,Kuanyu Yuan,Sen Liang,Guipeng Yu,Zhihuan Weng,Xigao Jian
Based on rigid and twisted heterocyclic phthalazinone unit as the core skeleton, novel hierarchical porous carbazole-containing porous organic polymers (PCMOPs) were successfully constructed through Friedel-Crafts reaction (PCMOP-Hs) and oxidation coupling reaction (PCMOP-Os), respectively, with anhydrous FeCl 3 as catalyst. The structures of resultant PCMOPs were characterized by FT-IR, 13 C CP-MAS NMR and WXRD. PCMOP-Hs displayed higher BET surface area (660–675 m 2 g −1 ), CO 2 uptake capacity (11.8–12.1 wt%, 273 K, 1 bar) and CO 2 /N 2 selectivity (up to 78.46, IAST) than those of PCMOP-Os, respectively. Even though, PCMOP-Os both displayed high sensitivity and selectivity with the fluorescent quenching rate value up to 83% for 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) and 70% for nitrobenzene (NB) in low concentration (10 −2 mol/L). The properties along with large-scale and low-cost preparation make these hierarchical POPs potential candidates for gas storage and separation as well as fluorescence detection of explosives application.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
·
环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE
·
2020
·
IF 3.28
Cheng Zhang,Xihao Pan,Siyao Cheng,Aming Xie,Wei Dong
With the increasingly severe international situation, explosive detection has become an important topic of national security, and the rapid and efficient chemical sensors have attracted people's attention. In this work, a novel sensor CSA was synthesized through cholesterol succinate and 1-Aminopyrene. UV–vis and fluorescence spectra showed that CSA had a typical aggregation-induced emission （AIE） effect in THF/H 2 O solution, and explosive CL-20 could effectively quench this fluorescence. Also, the seal and cotton swab prepared by CSA can specifically detect CL-20, providing a platform for the practical application of CSA in public safety.
研究领域:
化学
·
材料科学
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国家安全
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）