Animal
·
2017
·Vol. 12
·期 3
·491-500
·
IF 1.921
Q. Liu,C. Wang,G. Guo,W. J. Huo,Y. L. Zhang,C. X. Pei,S. L. Zhang,H. Wang
Isovalerate supplements could stimulate rumen development by improving morphology and function of rumen mucosa, and then promote the growth of calves. This study was done to evaluate the effects of isovalerate supplements on morphology and functional gene expression of rumen mucosa in dairy calves. In total, 48 Chinese Holstein male calves with 15 days of age and 45.1±0.36 kg of BW were randomly assigned to four groups. The treatments were: control, low-isovalerate, moderate-isovalerate and high-isovalerate with 0, 3, 6 and 9 g isovalerate per calf per day, respectively. Supplementary isovalerate was hand-mixed into milk in pre-weaning calves and into concentrate portion in post-weaning calves. The study consisted of a 15-day-adaptation period and a 60-day-sampling period. Calves were weaned at 60 days of age. Three calves were slaughtered from each of the four treatments at 30, 60 and 90 days of age. The weight of body and stomach were measured, samples of ruminal tissues and blood were analyzed. Total stomach weight, total stomach to BW ratio, rumen wall and keratinized layer thickness, serum growth hormone and IGF-1 for both pre- and post-weaning calves increased linearly with increasing isovalerate supplements. Rumen to total stomach weight ratio, the length and width of rumen papillae, and serum β-hydroxybutyrate increased linearly for post-weaning calves. However, abomasum weight to total stomach weight ratio decreased linearly for both pre- and post-weaning calves. The relative messenger RNA expression for growth hormone receptor, IGF-1 receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 in rumen mucosa increased linearly for post-weaning calves. Our results suggested that isovalerate supplements promoted rumen development in a dose-dependent manner. The optimum dose was 6.0 g isovalerate per calf per day.
研究领域:
动物科学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE
·
2018
·Vol. 156
·期 2
·272-281
·
IF 1.186
Q. Liu,C. Wang,Y. L Zhang,C. X. Pei,S. L Zhang,G. Guo,W. J. Huo,W. Z. Yang
The present study evaluated the effects of isovalerate supplementation on the development of the small intestinal mucosa in dairy calves. Forty-eight Chinese Holstein bull calves at 15 days of age and 45.1 ± 0.36 kg of body weight were assigned randomly to four groups. The treatments were control, low-isovalerate, moderate-isovalerate and high-isovalerate with 0, 3, 6 and 9 g isovalerate per calf per day, respectively. The study comprised 75 days with a 15-day adaptation period followed by a 60-day sampling period. Calves were weaned at 60 days of age. Six calves were chosen from each treatment at random and slaughtered at 30 and 90 days of age. The small intestine morphology and activities of amylase and trypsin improved significantly with increasing age. No interaction between treatments and age was observed. The small intestine length, mucosa layer thickness, villus height and crypt depth increased linearly with increasing isovalerate supplementation. However, the ratio of villus height to crypt depth was not affected by treatment. Activities of amylase and trypsin increased linearly. The lactase activity increased linearly during the 75-day period and for pre-weaned calves but was unaltered for post-weaned calves. The relative mRNA expressions of growth hormone receptor, insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and sodium-glucose co-transporter-1 in the small intestine mucosa increased linearly, and a similar pattern was observed for the expression of peptide transporter-1 in the duodenum and proximal jejunum. The results suggested that small intestine development was promoted by isovalerate in a dose-dependent manner.
研究领域:
动物营养学
·
胃肠生理学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Animal Production Science
·
2018
·Vol. 59
·期 3
·471-478
·
IF 1.371
C. Wang,Q. Liu,G. Guo,W. J. Huo,Y. X. Wang,Y. L. Zhang,C. X. Pei,S. L. Zhang,C. Wang,Q. Liu,G. Guo,W. J. Huo,Y. X. Wang,Y. L. Zhang,C. X. Pei,S. L. Zhang
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of fibrolytic enzymes (FE, containing 160 units of cellulase and 4000 units of xylanase) or isobutyrate (IB) supplementation on ruminal fermentation, microbial enzyme activity and cellulolytic bacteria in dairy calves. Forty-eight Holstein bull calves of 15 days of age and of 44.9 ± 0.28 kg of BW were randomly assigned to four groups in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Two levels of FE (0 g (FE–) or 1.83 g per calf per day (FE+)) and IB (0 g (IB–) or 6 g per calf per day (IB+)) were added. Calves were weaned at 60-day-old and four calves were selected from each treatment at random and slaughtered at 45 and 90 days of age. There was no IB × FE interaction effect. Ruminal pH decreased with IB or FE supplementation for post-weaned calves, whereas concentrations of total volatile fatty acids and acetate increased with IB or FE supplementation for pre- and post-weaned calves. Acetate to propionate ratio increased with IB supplementation, but was unaffected by FE supplementation. Ammonia-N concentration decreased with IB or FE supplementation for pre- and post-weaned calves. For post-weaned calves, activities of CMCase increased with IB or FE supplementation, and activities of cellobiase, xylanase, pectinase, β-amylase and protease increased with IB supplementation. Populations of B. fibrisolvens and F. succinogenes for pre- and post-weaned calves and R. flavefaciens for post-weaned calves increased with IB or FE supplementation. It is suggested that ruminal fermentation and growth performance of calves was improved with IB and FE supplementation, and the combination of IB and FE has the potential to stimulate the growth of pre- and post-weaned dairy calves.
研究领域:
动物科学
·
微生物学
·
营养学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2016
·
IF 1.713
Q. Liu,C. Wang,Y.L Zhang,C.X. Pei,S.L Zhang,H.Q. Li,G. Guo,Y.J. Huo,W.Z. Yang,H. Wang
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2-methylbutyrate supplementation on growth performance and rumen development in pre- and post-weaned dairy calves. Fifty-six Chinese Holstein male calves with 15 days of age and 46.5 ± 0.37 kg of body weight (BW) were randomly assigned to one of four groups. The treatments were: control, low-2-methylbutyrate (LMB), moderate-2-methylbutyrate (MMB) and high-2-methylbutyrate (HMB) with 0, 3, 6 and 9 g 2-methylbutyrate per calf per day, respectively. Supplemental 2-methylbutyrate was hand- mixed into milk in pre-weaned calves and the concentrate portion of post-weaned calves. The study lasted 75 days, including a 15-day adaptation period and followed by a 60-day sampling period. Calves were weaned at 60 days of age. Six calves were chosen from each treatment at random and slaughtered at 30 and 90 days of age. Body weight, dry matter (DM) intake and stomach weight were measured, samples of ruminal tissues and blood were determined. DM intake increased linearly (P < 0.03) for post-weaned calves and overall DM intake with increasing 2-methylbutyrate supplementation and was higher for MMB and HMB than for LMB and control (P < 0.05). Average daily gain (ADG) increased linearly (P < 0.05) for pre-weaned calves, post-weaned calves and overall ADG with increasing 2-methylbutyrate supplementation, and was higher for MMB and HMB than for LMB and control (P < 0.05). Total stomach weight for pre- and post-weaned calves increased linearly (P < 0.05) and was higher for MMB and HMB than for LMB and control (P < 0.05). The ratio of rumen weight to total stomach weight tended to increase linearly (P = 0.055) for pre-weaned calves and increased linearly (P = 0.019) for post-weaned calves, whereas the ratio of abomasum weight to total stomach weight decreased linearly (P < 0.05) for pre-weaned calves and post-weaned calves with increasing 2-methylbutyrate supplementation. The ratio of total stomach weight to body weight for pre-weaned calves and post-weaned calves increased linearly (P < 0.05) and was higher for MMB and HMB than for LMB and control (P < 0.05). Both the length and width of rumen papillae, and the relative expression of mRNA for growth hormone receptor (GHR) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1) in rumen mucosa tended to increase linearly for pre-weaned calves, but increased linearly (P < 0.05) for post-weaned calves and was higher for MMB and HMB than for LMB and control (P < 0.05). Blood concentrations of BHBA increased linearly (P < 0.05) for post-weaned calves with increasing 2-methylbutyrate supplementation and was higher for MMB and HMB than for LMB and control (P < 0.05). Blood concentrations of GH and IGF-1 increased linearly (P < 0.05) for pre- and post-weaned calves with increasing 2-methylbutyrate supplementation and was higher for MMB and HMB than for LMB and control (P < 0.05). The present results indicated that 2-methylbutyrate accelerated growth of calves by improving rumen development and its ketogenesis. The 2-methylbutyrate stimulates the growth performance and rumen development of dairy calves in a dose-dependent manner. In the experimental conditions of this trial, the optimum 2-methylbutyrate dose was about 6.0 g 2-methylbutyrate per calf per day.
研究领域:
动物科学
·
营养学
·
反刍动物生理学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）