MOLECULES
·
2018
·Vol. 23
·期 12
·3214
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IF 3.098
Jun Cao,Huimin Wang,Wei Zhang,Fuliang Cao,Geli Ma,Erzheng Su
Ginkgo bilobaleaves have various health benefits due to the presence of bioactive compounds such as polyprenyl acetates, flavonoids, and terpene trilactones. However, there is little literature reported on the aromatic acids inGinkgo bilobaleaves. In this work, five aromatic acids including shikimic acid (SA), 6-hydroxykynurenic acid (6-HKA), protocatechuic acid (PA), gallic acid (GAA), andp-hydroxybenzoic acid (PHBA) were simultaneously extracted fromGinkgo bilobaleaves by employing the green deep eutectic solvents (DESs). A DES tailor-made from xylitol, glycolic acid and 1,5-pentanedioic acid at a molar ratio of 1:3:1 with 50% (w/w) water addition, named as NGG50, gave higher extraction yields for the five aromatic acids. Main factors affecting the extraction process were further optimized. The highest extraction yields of SA, GAA, 6-HKA, PA, and PHBA were 94.15 ± 0.96 mg/g, 332.69 ± 5.19 μg/g, 25.90 ± 0.61 μg/g, 429.89 ± 11.47 μg/g and 67.94 ± 0.37 μg/g, respectively. The NGG50-based extraction process developed here was a successful attempt of simultaneously extracting five aromatic acids fromGinkgo bilobaleaves for the first time, which could provide a new exploitation direction ofGinkgo bilobaleaves.Keywords:deep eutectic solvents;Ginkgo bilobaleaves;simultaneous extraction;shikimic acids;6-hydroxykynurenic acid
研究领域:
药学化学
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分析化学
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植物科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACOLOGY
·
2021
·Vol. 74
·期 1
·22-31
·
IF 3.765
Shen Zhuowei,Hu Haihong,Pan Jie,Xu Mingcheng,Ou Fengting,He Kaifeng,Zeng Kui,Yao Jianbiao,Wang Ruwei,Lou Yan,Zeng Su
Objectives6-Hydroxykynurenic acid (6-HKA) is an organic acid component in extracts of Ginkgo biloba leaves and acts as a major contributor to neurorestorative effects, while its oral bioavailability was low. Therefore, using prodrug method to improve the bioavailability and brain content of 6-HKA is significant.MethodsThree structural modified compounds of 6-HKA were synthesized, and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods for quantification of these structural modified compounds in rat plasma and rat brain homogenate were established and comprehensively validated. The methods were effectively applied to investigate the effects of structural modification on apparent permeability coefficients in cells, the pharmacokinetics and the brain distribution in rats.Key findingsThe results illustrated that esterification can greatly improve the apparent permeability coefficient and bioavailability of 6-HKA. Comparing with direct oral administration of 6-HKA, the bioavailability of isopropyl ester was greatly improved (from 3.96 ± 1.45% to 41.8 ± 15.3%), and the contents of 6-HKA in rat brains (49.7 ± 9.2 ng/g brain) were significantly higher after oral administration.ConclusionsThe bioavailability and the brain content of 6-HKA can be improved by the prodrug method. Among three structural modified compounds, isopropyl-esterified 6-HKA was the most promising treatment.
研究领域:
药理学
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神经科学
·
药物代谢动力学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
·
2018
·
IF 2.831
Ting-ting Du,Ting Cui,Hong-mei Qiu,Nian-ru Wang,Dan Huang,Xin-hui Jiang
A high-performance liquid chromatography method with a diode array and an electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD/DAD) was developed to determine the levels of tryptophan (TRP), kynurenine (KYN), kynurenic acid (KYA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in rat plasma. The prepared samples were separated on a BDS column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 mm) with column oven temperature of 25 °C. The mobile phase consisted of 5% acetonitrile and a buffer solution, which contained 25 mmol/L sodium acetate and 0.01 mmol/L EDTA, adjusting pH to 4.5 with acetic acid, and it was pumped at a flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min. KYN and KYA were measured by a variable wavelength detector at wavelengths 360 nm and 333 nm respectively, TRP and vanillic acid (as IS) both were measured at 280 nm. Determination of 5-HT and 5-HIAA was accomplished at the electrochemical working potential of 700 mV. Total run time was 14 min. Several parameters of the developed method were validated including linearity, accuracy precision, and stability. The results showed the established method had good LOD and separation for all of the five compounds and IS in the biological matrix. The method is simple, fast, economical and accurate. The analytical method and the results could provide a reference for the clinical and scientific research of depression.
研究领域:
分析化学
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神经科学
·
药理学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）