V 2 O 5 , as a lithium-free cathode material, has inherent defects such as sluggish kinetics and volume change and, at the same time, requires a lithium metal anode that tends to form dendrites in liquid electrolytes. Both the lithium dendrite and the flammable electrolyte solvent bring longtime safety issues. This work introduces nonflammable inorganic–organic composite solid electrolyte to inhibit the growth of the lithium dendrite and suppress the instability caused by V 2 O 5 nanometerization. However, the long-term cycling and rate performances are still insufficient even when reducing V 2 O 5 size to about 50 nm. As an improvement, sub-10 nm V 2 O 5 /C nanosheets are designed and prepared using corn stalks as precursors through simple impregnation and calcination process. The V 2 O 5 /C offers a much better electrode/electrolyte contact and interface stability than bulk V 2 O 5 and commercial V 2 O 5 in the inorganic–organic composite solid electrolyte. The discharge capacity is 228 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C after 50 cycles and ≈110 mAh g −1 at 2.0 C.
Xuliang Lin,Xueqing Qiu,Duming Zhu,Zihao Li,Ningxin Zhan,Jieyi Zheng,Hongming Lou,Mingsong Zhou,Dongjie Yang
Effect of the molecular structure of lignin-based polyoxyethylene ether (EHL–PEG) on enzymatic hydrolysis of Avicel and corn stover was investigated. With the increase of PEG contents and molecular weight of EHL–PEG, glucose yield of corn stover increased. EHL–PEG enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis of corn stover significantly at buffer pH 4.8–5.5. Glucose yield of corn stover at 20% solid content increased from 32.8% to 63.8% by adding EHL–PEG, while that with PEG4600 was 54.2%. Effect of EHL–PEG on enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics of cellulose film was studied by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). An enhancing mechanism of EHL–PEG on enzymatic hydrolysis kinetics of cellulose was proposed. Cellulase aggregates dispersed by EHL–PEG excavated extensive cavities into the surface of cellulose film, making the film become more loose and exposed. After the maximum enzymatic hydrolysis rate, the film was mainly peeled off layer by layer until equilibrium.
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