ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
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2025
·
IF 19
Jingang Wang,Jianchen Zheng,Chengzhi Zhang,Ya Duan,Yuzhao Zhang,Hongji Guo,Ye Qiu,Xiaoduo Wang,Lianqing Liu,Haibo Yu
Soft microrobots exhibit distinct advantages in biomedical applications, with their exceptional maneuverability in confined spaces and environmental adaptability offering innovative solutions for targeted theranostics. However, current systems are inherently constrained by the physical separation of sensing and actuation modules, leading to inadequate integration and operational efficiency that hinder practical implementation. To overcome this challenge, a micro-nano 4D printing design paradigm is proposed. Through spatial programming of multi-responsive materials and biomimetic microstructural engineering, a microrobotic system is fabricated with synergistic perception-actuation capabilities. By integrating gradient magnetic field-responsive composites and pH-sensitive hydrogels, a 150-µm-scale biomimetic fish-shaped microrobot is developed, innovatively integrating three functionalities: magnetic-actuation, pH-triggered joint actuation, and diffractive optical sensing. Specifically, its tail joint enables adaptive modulation of doxorubicin release kinetics via pH-mediated mechanical deformation, while the head-mounted diffractive spectral sensor provides dynamic optical feedback of pathological microenvironment pH (5.0–6.5). Proof-of-concept experiments demonstrate the system's precise drug release control and environmental monitoring capabilities in gastric cancer cell therapy. This work provides a 4D printing design approach for next-generation intelligent therapeutic microrobots capable of environmental perception, intelligent response, and precise execution.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
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纳米医学
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肿瘤治疗学
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智能材料
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转化医学
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微纳机器人
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药物控释
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
·
2024
·Vol. 24
·期 5
·5895-5903
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IF 4.3
Pang Peng,Zhang Tao,Zhang Xingxu,Ma Binghe,Zhao Keli,Deng Jinjun,Luo Jian
Wall shear stress and flow direction provide a basis for analyzing the boundary layer conditions, investigating drag reduction mechanisms, and enhancing environmental perception. This work presents novel single-loop and dual-loop hot-film sensors driven by the constant temperature (CT), which are capable of simultaneously measuring wall shear stress and flow direction. Based on the heat transfer and fluid dynamics theory, a mathematical model is developed to analyze the flow directions. The sensors feature multilayer structures, where the numerous leads are concealed and embedded in the insulation layer to enhance their robustness and integration. Utilizing the microelectromechanical system technology, sensor prototypes with single-loop and double-loop are fabricated. In particular, a new process method for accomplishing junction holes in the polyimide (PI) insulation layer is proposed. The sidewall-to-bottom angle of junction holes fabricated through wet etching is ~29.4°. After metal lays are deposited in the junction holes, the upper and bottom surfaces of the insulation layer are able to conduct electricity. Moreover, a testing system consisting of a microchannel and a turbulence generator is established to carry out the experimental verification. Then, the hot-film sensors are tested in the microchannel with a maximum Reynolds number of Red = 8600. Low-frequency turbulence as well as natural transition signals are detected by the hot-film sensors successfully. In the range of wall shear stress from 0 to 14.2 Pa, the accuracies of the dual-loop and single-loop hot-film sensors in perceiving flow directions are better than ±3° and ±6.5°, respectively. This work assists to analyze the boundary layer states, to investigate drag reduction mechanisms, and to enhance environmental perception in flow field.
研究领域:
流体力学
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传感器技术
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环境感知
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微制造技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Science
·
2025
·Vol. 12
·期 40
·e09683
·
IF 14.1
Chao Xu,Shuo Jiang,Lu Zhang,Xueli Zhou,Qingping Liu,Luquan Ren
Smart actuators generally face the problems of limited response speed, dependence on external energy supply, and lack of multi-environmental signal logic judgment capability. Therefore, this study proposes a new paradigm of bionic magnetic energy actuator, which realizes high-speed autonomous response without external energy source by fusing magnetic transient triggering with programmable environmental logic gating strategy. Based on direct ink writing 3D printing technology, an integrated structure of “magnetic energy storage-environmental unlocking” is constructed by combining the directional magnetization design of a hard magnetic material (NdFeB/polydimethylsiloxane) with an environment-responsive locking material (phase-change wax, polyvinylpyrrolidone/ethanol solution). This structure synergizes the slow response of environmental signals with the transient release of magnetic energy at millisecond level, and the release rate of magnetic energy is several orders of magnitude higher than that of the traditional stimulus-responsive actuator; meanwhile, based on the biomimetic “and gate” logic coding, the precise conditional judgment of time-sequential environmental signals (e.g., “high temperature → rain”) has been realized. The results show that the actuator can simulate high-speed seed ejection, multimodal gripping, and logic-gated bouncing behaviors of biological prototypes. This research provides new ideas for environmentally adaptive robots in wild scenarios, with potential applications in ecological restoration and precision agriculture.
研究领域:
机器人学
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智能材料
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仿生工程
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软体驱动器
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环境感知
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增材制造
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Advanced Science
·
2024
·Vol. 11
·期 38
·2405276
·
IF 14.3
Huangzhe Dai,Chengqian Zhang,Hao Hu,Zhezai Hu,Haonan Sun,Kan Liu,Tiefeng Li,Jianzhong Fu,Peng Zhao,Huayong Yang
The rapid development of ocean exploration and underwater robot technology has put forward new requirements for underwater sensing methods, which can be used for hydrodynamic characteristics perception, underwater target tracking, and even underwater cluster communication. Here, inspired by the specialized undulated surface structure of the seal whisker and its ability to suppress vortex-induced vibration, a multidirectional hydrodynamic sensor based on biomimetic whisker array structure and magnetic 3D self-decoupling theory is introduced. The magnetic-based sensing method enables wireless connectivity between the magnetic functional structures and electronics, simplifying device design and endowing complete watertightness. The 3D self-decoupling capability enables the sensor, like a seal or other organisms, to perceive arbitrary whisker motions caused by the action of water flow without complex calibration and additional sensing units. The whisker sensor is capable of detecting a variety of hydrodynamic information, including the velocity (RMSE < 0.061 m s −1 ) and direction of the steady flow field, the frequency (error < 0.05 Hz) of the dynamic vortex wake, and the orientation (error < 7°) of the vortex wake source, demonstrating its extensive potential for underwater environmental perception and communication, especially in deep sea conditions.
研究领域:
生物医学工程
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海洋生物学
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传感器技术
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流体力学
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仿生学
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水下机器人
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环境感知
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）