Current Pharmaceutical Analysis
·
2026
·
IF 3.6
Qiao Wang,Bo Feng,Yongzhi Gao
Background This study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Tanshinone ⅡA using an in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs). Methods An LPS-induced periodontitis model was constructed with HPDLFs. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry assays were used to assess cell viability and apoptosis of model HPDLFs. The content of inflammation-relevant cytokines was quantified by ELISA, and the autophagosome formation was observed under a transmission electron microscopy. Further, correlations with mediators related to autophagy and protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway were tested via quantitative PCR and immunoblotting assays. For validation, rescue assays were performed using autophagy inhibitor 3-MA or AKT activator SC79. Results Tanshinone ⅡA effectively restored cell viability, inhibited apoptosis, and significantly downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-1β. Tanshinone IIA promoted autophagosome formation, upregulated the expression of Beclin 1, downregulated p62 levels, and simultaneously inhibited the phosphorylation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Intervention experiments using the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA and the AKT activator SC79 confirmed that the protective effects of Tanshinone IIA was dependent on the activation of autophagy and inhibition of the AKT/mTOR pathway. This study is limited to in vitro assays in LPS-induced HPDLFs, and lacks in vivo validation. Conclusion This study further evaluated the anti-inflammatory property of Tanshinone ⅡA on LPS-induced HPDLFs, and proposed that the activation of autophagy and suppression of AKT/mTOR pathway may account for such effects.
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Molecular Catalysis
·
2026
·
IF 4.3
Shuo Wang,Jing Ding,Yichang Pan,Hui Wan,Guofeng Guan
Chitosan-supported pyridinium ionic-liquid catalysts were prepared. • Halide, DD, and ionic-liquid loading effects were systematically studied. • Br-IL2Cs-90DD gave 95% cyclic carbonate yield at 0.5 MPa CO 2 . • The catalyst retained high activity over five consecutive cycles. • DFT revealed cooperative activation by N⁺, Br⁻, and chitosan –OH sites. Developing recyclable heterogeneous organocatalysts with clearly identifiable cooperative active sites is important for the mild and solvent-free cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides. Herein, a chitosan-supported pyridinium ionic-liquid catalyst was constructed by covalently immobilizing bifunctional ionic-liquid moieties onto renewable chitosan through Schiff-base chemistry. The catalyst integrates pyridinium cations, Br⁻ nucleophiles, Schiff-base linkages, and chitosan hydroxyl groups into a cooperative heterogeneous catalytic environment. Among the investigated structural variables, the bromide-containing catalyst prepared from high-deacetylation chitosan (Br-IL2Cs-90DD) showed the best performance, affording 96% epichlorohydrin conversion, 99% cyclic carbonate selectivity, and 95% cyclic carbonate yield at 80 °C and an initial CO 2 pressure of 0.5 MPa within 4 h under solvent-free conditions. This performance is competitive with representative heterogeneous ionic-liquid and biomass-supported catalysts operating under mild-pressure conditions. The recovered catalyst retained 94% conversion, 98% selectivity, and 93% yield after five consecutive cycles, and post-reaction FT-IR/XPS characterization further supported the structural retention of the immobilized ionic-liquid catalyst. Characterization and density functional theory calculations support the proposed cooperative catalytic mechanism, in which the pyridinium cation and Br⁻ promote epoxide activation and ring opening, while chitosan hydroxyl groups help stabilize alkoxide and carbonate-related species. This work provides a biomass-derived immobilized ionic-liquid catalyst for metal-free CO 2 -to-carbonate conversion and offers molecular-level insight into cooperative active-site design. Download: Download high-res image (271KB) Download: Download full-size image
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MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
·
2026
·Vol. 227
·期 15
·e70321
·
IF 2.8
Baihu Dong,Haoyuan Sun,Xiang Wang,Yunqi Chen,Xinqiang Wang,Yingfeng Tu,Shaohui Lin,Qinmin Pan,Xianshe Feng,Flora T. T. Ng
A novel polystyrene-supported Salen-cobalt(III) complex (PS-Salen-Co(III)-OAc) is prepared via covalent immobilization onto functionalized polystyrene microspheres. The catalyst is comprehensively characterized by FT-IR, XPS, SEM-EDS, and ICP-OES, confirming successful immobilization and preservation of the catalyst sites. This heterogeneous system is applied in the alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and propylene oxide (PO), achieving high polycarbonate yields (up to 76%), excellent chemoselectivity (up to 99%), and narrow molecular weight distributions in the presence of a chain transfer agent ( Ð as low as 1.04) under mild conditions (30°C, 500 psi). The introduction of 1,2-propanediol as a chain transfer agent further enhances the control over molecular weights. However, catalyst reuse is hindered by substantial mass gain due to covalent grafting of the polycarbonate product onto the supporting polystyrene matrix via the surface hydroxyl groups. Attempts to mitigate this grafting through hydroxyl capping and reduction are partially effective. A degradation-recycling strategy, based on controlled depolymerization of surface-grafted polymer chains via a back-biting mechanism, significantly reduces mass gain and restores catalytic activity in subsequent cycles. This study provides a practical and efficient platform for sustainable CO 2 utilization through regenerable heterogeneous catalysis.
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OPTICAL MATERIALS
·
2026
·
IF 4.3
Yu Zhang,Chen Chang,Likun Zang,Yongge Cao,Chaoyang Ma
Aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) aerogel has attracted considerable attention in the field of high-performance thermal insulation materials due to their high-temperature stability and low thermal conductivity. However, phase transformations at high temperatures often lead to a loss of transparency and insulation performance, limiting their application in high temperature. Herein, transparent Al 2 O 3 aerogel monoliths with sustained high-temperature performance were prepared by sol-gel method combined with the CO 2 supercritical drying. By systematically tuning the molar ratios of propylene oxide (PO), ethanol (EtOH) and water (H 2 O), an optimal formulation was determined as Al: PO: EtOH: H 2 O = 1 : 10: 12 : 45. This composition yielded a homogeneous boehmite-derived network with a low density (0.060 g/cm 3 ), a high surface area (618 m 2 /g) and a visible transmittance of 90.3% at 550 nm. The structural evolution of Al 2 O 3 aerogel at heat treatment temperature (600–1200 °C) was systematically studied. It was found that, Al 2 O 3 aerogel experienced a series of phase transformation (boehmite → γ → δ → θ → α) with gradual densification and pore shrinkage, avoiding catastrophic collapse. Consequently, the aerogel retained a specific surface area of 141 m 2 /g, a thermal conductivity of 0.066 W/(m·K), and a transmittance of 49.6% even at 1100 °C, demonstrating excellent high-temperature thermal insulation and optical properties. This work provides a promising strategy for the efficient preparation of high-performance transparent insulation materials that can operate in high-temperature environments.
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ACS Applied Polymer Materials
·
2026
·
IF 5.2
Zhou Zhou,Ce Zhao,Xinxin Yan,Lukuan Guo,Shilong Yang,Zhen Chen,Junlong Song,Jiaqi Guo
This work demonstrates a regioselectively designed cellulose derivative that enables colorless liquid-crystal-based anticounterfeiting with polarization-dependent readout. To overcome the intrinsic visibility and color dependence of conventional optical anticounterfeiting technologies, the hydroxyl group at the C6 position of cellulose was first selectively protected with trityl chloride, followed by ring-opening etherification of the C2 and C3 positions with propylene oxide to yield structurally defined 6-triphenylmethyl-2,3-hydroxypropyl cellulose (6T-HPC). A systematic comparison between 6-triphenylmethyl cellulose and its hydroxypropylated derivatives reveals that 6T-HPC retains liquid-crystalline ordering while completely suppressing visible structural color, thereby achieving an effective decoupling of liquid-crystal optical response from photonic-crystal coloration. Due to this unique optical behavior, a colorless liquid-crystal anticounterfeiting label was fabricated. The label remains fully transparent and invisible under ambient light, yet displays predefined patterns and optical textures when viewed under polarized conditions, enabling a “covert storage-polarized readout” mode of information encoding. This work demonstrates a precise molecular design strategy for tuning the optical functionality of cellulose derivatives and establishes a new route toward sustainable, high-security, and difficult-to-replicate colorless anticounterfeiting materials.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 9.1
Shuxin Zhang,Kun Liu,Shuyuan Yu,Zifeng Lin,Yu Xie,Yanbin Jiang,Longfu Wei,Changlin Yu
Traditional propylene oxide (PO) production processes consume large amounts of organic feedstock and release hazardous by-products. The synthesis of PO via the epoxidation of propylene using O 2 is an ideal route offering 100% atomic economy. However, achieving high selectivity and high efficiency under mild conditions remains a significant challenge. In this study, we have developed a visible-light-driven tandem reaction system combining a carbon- and oxygen-co-doped three-dimensional spherical indium sulfide (C,O-In 2 S 3 ) photocatalyst with titanium silicate molecular sieve (TS-1), thereby achieving the distinctly selective oxidation of propylene at ambient temperature. Assembled from ultra-thin nanosheets, the three-dimensional structure of C,O-In 2 S 3 provides abundant active sites and mass transfer space, with carbon‑oxygen co-doping narrowing the bandgap and enhancing visible light absorption. In a pure water system, the H 2 O 2 yield of C,O-In 2 S 3 reached 1450.40 μmol·g −1 ·h −1 , which is 17.8 times that of pristine In 2 S 3 . Utilizing the excellent compatibility of the methanol/water system, the photocatalytic generated H 2 O 2 was directly employed in the TS-1-catalysed epoxidation of propylene, achieving a PO yield of 2230.03 μmol·g −1 within 2 h with a selectivity of 99.1%. This work applies sulfide-based photocatalysts to a tandem reaction involving photocatalytic H 2 O 2 production and propylene epoxidation, providing a new strategy for the green, safe and efficient synthesis of PO.
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SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2026
·
IF 9.1
Min Li,Juan Li,Tingyan Ye,Shuangjiang Li,Wenjun Zhang,Yutong Zhang,Yunfei Zhi,Pingyan Wang,Donghui Liu,Tianding Hu,Shaoyun Shan,Na Li,Yi Liu
The utilization of CO 2 as a sustainable carbon feedstock is an attractive strategy toward carbon neutrality, while the development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts under mild and co-catalyst-free conditions remains challenging. Herein, three porous organic polymer catalysts (PLZ, PLY, and PL-YZ) were synthesized through a one-step bidirectional polymerization strategy to systematically investigate the individual and synergistic roles of hydrogen-bond donor site (HBDs), Lewis basic N sites, and nucleophilic Cl − sites in CO 2 cycloaddition. Among them, PL-YZ exhibited the highest catalytic activity, affording chloropropylene carbonate in 93.1% yield with nearly 100% selectivity under optimized mild conditions (80 °C, 0.5 MPa CO 2 , 8 h) without any co-catalyst. In addition, PL-YZ maintained over 86% yield after five consecutive cycles and displayed broad substrate applicability toward various terminal epoxides. Kinetic analysis, in situ FT-IR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations consistently revealed that the cooperative interactions among HBD sites, Lewis basic N sites, and nucleophilic Cl − sites promote epoxide activation and ring-opening, facilitate CO 2 insertion, and accelerate cyclic carbonate formation. This study demonstrates the high product yields, selectivity, and recyclability of multifunctional porous polymer catalysts under mild conditions and establishes a practical design principle for integrating complementary active sites toward sustainable CO 2 conversion.
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Gels
·
2025
·Vol. 11
·期 6
·440
·
IF 5.3
Haoren Ma,Sijia Liu,Jinyi Ren,Xiaochan Liu,Weiyi Zhang,Ying Zhu,Zhipeng Yuan,Jinxu Zhu,Xibin Yi
Traditional β-eucryptite (LiAlSiO4) is renowned for its unique characteristics of low thermal expansion and high temperature thermal stability, making it an ideal material for precision instruments and aerospace applications. In this study, β-eucryptite was fabricated into an aerogel structure through the sol–gel process and supercritical drying method and using alumina sol as a cost-effective precursor. The synthesized β-eucryptite aerogel demonstrated unique properties including a negative thermal expansion coefficient (−7.85 × 10−6K−1), low density (0.60 g/cm3), and high specific surface area (18.1 m2/g). X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) mutually corroborated the crystalline structure of β-eucryptite, with XRD confirming the phase purity and TEM imaging revealing well-defined crystal lattice characteristics. Combined nitrogen adsorption–desorption analysis and scanning electron microscopy observations supported the hierarchical porous microstructure, with SEM visualizing interconnected nanoporous networks and nitrogen sorption data verifying the porosity. The negative thermal expansion behavior was directly linked to the β-eucryptite crystal structure, as collectively validated by thermal expansion measurements. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) independently confirmed the aluminosilicate framework structure through characteristic vibrational modes. This research shows the innovation in the synthesis of β-eucryptite aerogel, especially its application potential in precision instruments and building materials that need low thermal expansion and high stability, and the use of aluminum sol as an aluminum source has simplified the preparation steps and reduced production costs.
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Autophagy
·
2025
·
IF 14.3
Tongtong Ma,Yanmei Yu,Huasheng Luo,Ziqi Zhang,Miaotao Wei,Chunjie Tian,Xianmou Fan,Zhenyi Yan,Shaowu Zhang,Junfeng Hao,Peng Wang
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by the dysfunction of renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs), often leading to renal fibrosis. Mitochondrial impairment is a common hallmark across various types of AKI. However, the potential role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in modulating mitochondrial homeostasis during AKI and subsequent renal fibrosis remains underexplored. Our findings reveal a significant reduction of circAass levels in the renal cortex across all three AKI models. Mechanistically, circAASS mitigates TEC apoptosis and inflammatory responses by promoting mitochondrial homeostasis, thereby attenuating AKI. Specifically, cytoplasmic circAASS acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sequestering MIR324-3p, which in turn enhances the expression of PINK1, a critical regulator of mitophagy. Additionally, nuclear circAASS directly interacts with the PPARGC1A/PGC-1α protein, inhibiting its ubiquitin-mediated degradation and thereby promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the RNA-binding protein IGF2BP2 suppresses circAASS biogenesis by binding to intronic sequences in the AASS pre-mRNA. Restoring circAass in AKI mouse models improves both mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, ameliorating pro-inflammatory responses of TECs and thus mitigating renal fibrosis. Decreased circAASS expression and its association with impaired mitochondrial function in TECs, followed by more severe renal fibrosis, are observed in AKI patients. Collectively, our results suggest that circAASS protects against AKI by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for kidney injury.
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POLYMER
·
2026
·
IF 5.1
Jiaqi Zhao,Jie Wang,Xinyue Yang,Weihua Shen,Yunjin Fang
Metal-free catalytic copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and propylene oxide (PO) has attracted considerable attention, yet poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) obtained by one-pot metal-free routes often exhibits low molecular weight and limited thermal stability. Herein, we report an efficient strategy employing a Lewis acid–base pair catalyst, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (DMCHA) and triethylborane (TEB), in combination with trace amounts of 4,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) to synthesize high-molecular-weight PPC. ODPA markedly accelerates terpolymerization and enhances polymer thermal performance. Under optimal conditions (DMCHA/TEB/PO = 1/2/2000, ODPA = 0.1 mol%), the resulting polymer achieved a number-average molecular weight (M n ) of 104 kg mol −1 , a dispersity (Ð) of 1.53, and a catalytic productivity of 321 g polymer g −1 catalyst. Characterization by NMR, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the superior structure and performance of the product. Moreover, this strategy was applicable to other tertiary amines and multifunctional anhydrides, demonstrating excellent versatility. The introduction of trace multifunctional anhydrides provides a promising approach for enhancing catalyst activity and developing high-performance CO 2 -based polycarbonates.
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Materials Today Bio
·
2026
·
IF 11
Li Xiong,Bin Chai,Gaixia Kuang,Yosuke Kaneko,Gonghao Zhang,Yunhan Ji
Background Chronic inflammation and impaired immune microenvironment are key barriers to effective cartilage regeneration. Herein, we developed an integrated, injectable thermosensitive hydrogel system termed CS@Gel-Mg. This system modularly combines exosome-loaded chitosan microspheres (CM@Exo) embedded within a Mg 2+ -coordinated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-based ionic liquid hydrogel (Gel-Mg), aiming to modulate local immune response and promote cartilage repair. Methods Hydroxypropyl-modified chitosan microspheres were synthesized via emulsion crosslinking and effectively loaded with bioactive exosomes. The Gel matrix was fabricated using an ionic liquid monomer (IL-C4) copolymerized with NIPAM and N-vinylimidazole, followed by Mg 2+ complexation. Physicochemical properties, including morphology (SEM/TEM), surface chemistry (XPS/FTIR), and thermoresponsive behavior (DSC/TGA), were systematically characterized. The effects of CS@Gel-Mg on immune and cartilage regeneration were evaluated in vivo and in vitro using Western blot, qPCR, histological staining, flow cytometry, gait analysis, and asymmetric weight-bearing analysis. Results In vitro, the system demonstrated excellent cytocompatibility, promoted ATDC5 cell proliferation and migration, and inhibited apoptosis. The hydrogel also reprogrammed macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype, as confirmed by qPCR and flow cytometry. In vivo, using a rat full-thickness cartilage defect model, CS@Gel-Mg exhibited improved weight-bearing function, reduced inflammatory infiltration, and superior cartilage histological scores compared to control groups. Mechanistically, immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses suggested enhanced expression of SOX9, COL2A1 and COL1A1, along with suppression of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, SOX9 knockdown in vivo diminished the therapeutic effect, confirming its regulatory role in the immuno-chondrogenic axis. Conclusion This exosome-integrated thermoresponsive hydrogel provides a multifunctional platform for immune modulation and cartilage regeneration. Our findings highlight the potential of CS@Gel-Mg as a promising therapeutic strategy for osteochondral repair.
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ACS Applied Nano Materials
·
2026
·Vol. 9
·期 33
·15691-15704
·
IF 5.8
Kozłowski Filip,Agback Peter,Agback Tatiana,Gohil Suresh,Małecka Małgorzata,Wiglusz Rafał Jakub,Lewińska Agnieszka,Witwicki Maciej,Bartkowiak Aleksandra,Yan Yige,Meijer Johan,Seisenbaeva Gulaim A.,Kessler Vadim G.
Tryptophan (Trp)
oxidation is a key biochemical process influencing
plant development and numerous biomedical pathways. Here, we investigate
how manganese doping modulates the catalytic behavior of titanium
dioxide nanoparticles toward selective Trp oxidation. Mn-doped TiO 2 nanoparticles containing 5%, 10%, and 20% Mn were systematically
examined, while structurally related metal oxides (pristine TiO 2 , MnO 2 , MnFe 2 O 4 , maghemite
(γ-Fe 2 O 3 ), and industrial Fe 3 O 4 ) were included as reference materials to establish
catalytic benchmarks. Whereas the reference oxides predominantly promoted
nonspecific reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation or exhibited
lower catalytic efficiency, Mn-doped TiO 2 displayed highly
tunable reactivity. Specifically, 5% Mn doping favored broad-spectrum
photocatalytic ROS production, whereas increasing the Mn content to
20% transformed the material from a conventional photocatalyst into
a highly selective nanozyme. The 20% Mn-doped TiO 2 exhibited
superior biomimetic catalytic activity and was therefore subjected
to detailed mechanistic studies. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) revealed highly selective,
nanozyme-driven Trp oxidation pathways leading to the formation of
auxin-mimicking metabolites. In vivo experiments
using Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrated
that the resulting metabolite cocktail significantly stimulated lateral
root formation, indicating improved nutrient acquisition potential.
Collectively, these findings establish Mn-doped TiO 2 as
a tunable catalytic platform capable of directing amino acid oxidation
toward biologically relevant products and highlight its potential
applications in agriculture and biomedicine.
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