Polymer Chemistry
·
2024
·Vol. 15
·期 47
·4824-4834
·
IF 4.1
Zidie Song,Li Liu,Pengbo Zhang,Kangle Xue,Zibo Hua,Tao You,Yiqi Wu,Hong Cui,Zhen Hu,Yudong Huang
Degradable epoxy resins are designed to address the environmental pollution caused by traditional epoxy resins. However, incorporating the degradability of dynamic covalent bonds in the design of degradable resins often compromises the rigidity and heat resistance of the material, rendering it less suitable for high-temperature applications, such as those used in deep space exploration. This paper presents the creation of an innovative, entirely bio-based epoxy monomer. Its cyclic rigid dynamic bonds confer a high tensile modulus (4.06 GPa), glass transition temperature (Tg = 240 °C), notable creep resistance with full shape recovery at 180 °C, and remarkable degradability, dissolving entirely in a 1 M HCl solution in just 60 minutes at 50 °C. The preparation of the diacetal was accomplished by reacting vanillin with xylitol under acidic conditions. This was followed by a reaction with bio-derived epichlorohydrin to produce bio-based, multifunctional epoxy monomers featuring hydroxyl groups and bicyclic acetal structures, representing a new strategy for eco-friendly polymer synthesis. This monomer was then cured with a hardener to create an epoxy crosslinked network. The eco-friendly raw materials are easily obtainable, and the synthesized cross-linked network structure is exceptionally high-performing. This makes it a potential material for use in deep space exploration and other tough environments, and it provides a benchmark for synthesizing chemically degradable epoxy resins suitable for extreme conditions.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
·
化学工程
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DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
·
2017
·
IF 2.843
Xiaobin Shen,Xiaoqing Liu,Jinggang Wang,Jinyue Dai,Jin Zhu
A bio-based epoxy 2,5-bis[(2-oxiranylmethoxy)methyl]-furan (BOF) has been synthesized from 2,5-furandimethanol and toughened by its Diels–Alder (DA) reaction adduct DA-BOF, which contained a flexible pendant chain. The chemical structures of the synthesized monomers were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR). The thermal reversibility of DA-BOF was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy. On the basis of the UV–vis results, the degree of retro Diels–Alder reaction was determined to be 25–27% in different cured systems. The study of the mechanical properties indicated that when the content of DA-BOF reached 50%, an 85% increase in impact strength could be obtained without seriously sacrificing its tensile strength or modulus. The strategy described in this work could help us to achieve a bio-based epoxy resin with increased impact strength and nearly unaffected tensile properties.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
有机化学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
·
2025
·
IF 8.5
Zijun Zhang,Xinyue Yao,Yan Xu,Haining Na,Chao Fang,Zhu Jin
The synthesis of monomers with two epoxy structures (EIA) was successfully achieved by adopting holo-biobased feedstocks and in situ solvolysis reaction. The molecular structure of EIA was subjected to characterization through the use of infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR). The EIA was employed as the epoxy monomers for the synthesis of the grafted compatibilizer, resulting in the successful preparation of a fully bio-based and high epoxy value grafted compatibilizer (PLA-g-EIA (PLE)). The effects of varying proportions of the monomer (EIA) and Bis(tert-butylperoxy-1-methylethyl)-benzene (BIBP) on the dynamic grafting reaction were investigated systematically using IR, 1 H NMR, melt flow index (MFR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, the compatible effects of PLE on the mechanical performances, rheological properties, and microstructure of bamboo powder (BP) enhanced PLA composites were also investigated. Furthermore, a series of comparisons were conducted between PLE and a homemade PLG under identical conditions. The grafting degree (GD) of PLE reached 1.28 % under identical conditions (monomer mass addition of 3 %, monomer: initiator mass ratio of 20:3), whereas the GD of homemade PLA-g-GMA (PLG) was only 0.82 %. In comparison to PLG with varying contents, the prepared PLE markedly augmented the interfacial adhesion between two phases, thereby promoting an enhancement of impact, tensile, and flexural strength. Furthermore, the presence of PLE (5 wt%) enhanced the impact strength by up to 37 %, tensile strength by up to 3.03 MPa, and flexural strength by up to 6.16 MPa of PLA/BP composites compared to the absence of the compatibilizers. Meanwhile, PLE (5 wt%) was 1.68, 2.16, and 2.02 times more effective than PLG in enhancing the notch impact, tensile, and bending strength of composites, respectively.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 59
·期 14
·1528-1539
·
IF 0
Yao Chen,Wenchuan Wang,Dong Xie,Lili Wu,Chaocan Zhang
TPPAlCl-PPN + Cl − binary catalyst (where TPPAlCl is 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin aluminum chloride, PPN + Cl − is bis[triphenylphosphine] iminium chloride, the molar ratio of TPPAlCl to PPN + Cl − is 1 to 0.5) can initiate the effective one-pot/one-step ternary copolymerization of CO 2 , lactide and 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene-1,2-epoxide, and the quaternary copolymerization of CO 2 , propylene oxide, lactide, 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene-1,2-epoxide, to form multiblock poly(carbonate-co-lactide) products with pendant vinyl group. The ternary copolymerization product composes of polylactide (PLA) block and poy(vinylcyclohexylene carbonate) (PVCHC) block, and the quaternary copolymerization product composes of poy(propylene carbonate) (PPC) block, PLA block and PVCHC block, which are verified by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, 1 H- 1 H cosy, hetero-nuclear multiple bond correlation, DTG, and Gel permeation chromatography analysis. The functionality and glass-transition temperature of the products can be easily adjusted by the copolymerization variables, such as the molar ratio of comonomers, copolymerization temperature, pressure of CO 2 , the concentration of the catalyst. Graphical
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF LIPID SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2017
·Vol. 119
·期 8
·1600429
·
IF 2.145
Yantao Li,Liting Yang,Hui Zhang,Zijian Tang
A novel bio-based epoxy monomer (EP) was obtained from the reaction of modify soybean oil and epichlorohydrin (ECH). And EP blended with bisphenol-A epoxy oligomer (DGEBA) to form the epoxy networks using triethylene tetramine as curing agent. The weight fraction of EP affects the performance of epoxy networks have been studied. The structures of the monomers and networks were studied by Fourier transformation infrared spectrometer (FTIR), and were consistent with the theoretical structures. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC) were used to determine the thermal properties of the epoxy networks, indicating that glass transition temperature ( T g ) and thermal stability decreased with increasing EP content. Mechanical properties analysis showed that the elongation at break and impact strength of the epoxy networks increased with the increasing EP content, while the tensile strength decreased. Dynamic non-isothermal curing test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that there was no obvious phase separation and formed homogeneous crosslinking network structure. The properties of the epoxy networks were hard and brittle in low EP content, and presented strong flexible or soft flexible in high EP content. Practical applications: Soybean oil is one of the most interesting environmental resources for the synthesis of monomers, because of the aliphatic chain and functional groups contribute as a primary element to the backbone of polymer. It has received much attention as a renewable resource to replace petroleum resource for preparing chemicals and polymers, due to its environmental advantages, renewable and economic. The bio-based epoxy resin can be used to modify the commercial bisphenol-A epoxy resin to overcome the weaknesses of brittleness of the cured networks. As a novel epoxy monomer, it can be used in many fields which the traditional epoxy resins were used, such as paint, coatings, adhesives, electronic materials, and structural materials. Also, it can be used as a modifier to modify other industrial epoxy resins, due to the flexible aliphatic chain structure and low viscosity property. The bio-based may degrade after discarding and come into environmental cycle. Soybean oil has received much attention as a renewable resource to replace petroleum resource for preparing chemicals and polymers, due to its environmental advantages, renewable and economic. In this paper, a novel polyols is derived from soybean oil and used for the preparation of aliphatic epoxy monomer. And then the bio-based epoxy monomer is used to modify the commercial bisphenol-A epoxy oligomer to overcome the weaknesses of brittleness of the cured networks. The epoxy monomer and epoxy networks prepared from soybean oil are environmentally friendly materials. It may degrade after discarding and come into environmental cycle.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
WOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·Vol. 56
·期 3
·813-831
·
IF 2.898
Guo Dengkang,Yang Sheng,Fu Feng,Guo Nai,Li Gaiyun,Chu Fuxiang
The range of application for fast-growing plantation wood is limited by its dimensional instability, susceptibility to biodegradation and low mechanical strength. In this study, a novel method based on in situ reaction of a hydrophilic epoxy monomer (1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether) in the wood cell walls was proposed to improve the performance of plantation wood. The effects of curing agent on the reaction mechanism and performance of treated wood were discussed in detail. The results demonstrated that after curing using methyl hexahydro phthalic anhydride (MHHPA), an epoxy oligomer with a higher molecular weight and superior water resistance was formed inside the wood cell wall compared to curing with the 2-methylimidazole (2-MI). Moreover, the epoxy group was able to react with alcohol and phenolic hydroxyl in wood through 2-MI catalysis resulting in a higher grafting ratio. After the modification reaction, notable improvements were observed in the dimensional stability (anti-swelling efficiency of more than 65%), fungal ( Gloeophyllum trabeum ) decay resistance (weight loss of < 6%) and compressive strength (increased by 17%) of the wood.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
林学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2013
·Vol. 1
·期 16
·5081-5088
·
IF 0
Lijun Cao,Xiaoqing Liu,Haining Na,Yonggang Wu,Wenge Zheng,Jin Zhu
A bio-based epoxy monomer (GA-II) was synthesized from renewable gallic acid. The aromatic group contained made it capable of being absorbed onto the surface of graphene via strong π–π interactions, which was proven by Raman spectra and UV spectra. The GA-II anchored graphene was easily homogeneously dispersed in the epoxy resin. After solidification, the graphene/epoxy composites demonstrated superior performances in terms of good mechanical properties, excellent thermal conductivity, as well as high electrical conductivity. With the addition of only 2 wt% GA-II/graphene, the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites were improved by 27%, 47%, 9% and 21%, respectively. The thermal and electrical conductivities were also improved by 12-fold (from 0.15 to 1.8 W m−1 K−1) and 8 orders (from 7.0 × 10−15 to 3.28 × 10−5 s cm−1), respectively. This work provided us with an environmentally friendly agent with high efficiency for graphene dispersion and demonstrated an efficient method for fabricating epoxy/graphene composites with superior properties.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
·
2025
·
IF 6.3
Xinkai Zou,Xiaofei Sun,Anxin Xu,Yang Liu,Wei Zhao,Yingxia Zong,Jingjiang Sun,Qingfu Wang
The research on hyperbranched polyethers (HBPEths) currently focused on two main areas: (1) the development of a practical synthesis method and (2) the functionalization of HBPEths. “A 1 + B 2 ” ring-opening polymerization (“A 1 + B 2 ”-ROP) offers an efficient approach to access functional HBPEths with controllable structures. In the present study, a series of HBPEths were successfully prepared by employing “A 1 + B 2 ”-ROP, where the A 1 and B 2 represent a monofunctional primary alcohol and a biepoxy monomer, respectively. The obtained HBPEths possessed molar masses ranging from 2600 to 30000 g/mol. By employing functional A 1 primary alcohol initiators, it is possible to directly introduce a single type or a mixture of functionalities including fluoride, alkyne, alkene, azide, and furfuryl groups into the HBPEths terminal structures, while by adjusting various B 2 monomers with different linkage between both epoxy groups the main chain structures could be well controlled. Moreover, apart from conventional end group modification via esterification, the functionalities can be introduced during the one-pot “A 1 + B 2 ”-ROP process via ether bonds, which are stable against hydrolysis and redox-reaction.
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
GREEN CHEMISTRY
·
2020
·Vol. 23
·期 1
·501-510
·
IF 9.48
Hafezeh Nabipour,Xin Wang,Lei Song,Yuan Hu
With the growing awareness of global warming and depletion of petroleum resources, the development of bio-based epoxy thermosets as an alternative to petroleum-based diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy thermosets has generated extensive interest over the past decade. However, most of the bio-based epoxy thermosets studied to date are bio-based epoxy monomers or bio-based curing agents. In order to increase the biomass content in the resultant epoxy thermoset as high as possible, it is desirable to fabricate fully bio-based epoxy thermosets. In this study, we synthesized a bio-based epoxy monomer (SA-GA-EP) from syringaldehyde, as well as a bio-based curing agent (DIFFA) from furfurylamine. The fully bio-based epoxy thermoset was obtained through curing SA-GA-EP by DIFFA, while the commercial DGEBA epoxy thermoset was cured by 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as a contrast sample. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the cured SA-GA-EP/DIFFA thermoset was as high as 204 °C, which was much higher than that of the DGEBA/DDM thermoset (143 °C). The tensile strength and elongation at break of SA-GA-EP/DIFFA were 57.4 MPa and 2.9%, respectively, which were comparable to those of DGEBA/DDM. Additionally, the cured SA-GA-EP/DIFFA thermoset displayed excellent intrinsic flame retardancy with UL-94 V-0 classification and a relatively high limiting oxygen index of 40.0%. The results of the cone calorimetry test also manifested that the peak heat release rate, the total heat release and the smoke production rate of SA-GA-EP/DIFFA significantly declined by 85%, 86% and 38%, respectively, compared to those of DGEBA/DDM. Moreover, bio-based epoxy exhibited antibacterial activities against Gram-positive S. aureus. Owing to these outstanding performances (including mechanical strength and modulus, high Tg, intrinsic flame resistance and antibacterial properties), this fully bio-based epoxy thermoset is a green and promising substitute for DGEBA-based thermoset in high performance fire safe applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
绿色化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Yanqiu Wang,Tianheng Wang,Shaobin Wen,Liyuan Fan,Mengshi Chen,Yaqi Dong,Qiang Zhang
Pervaporation technology is suitable for separating organic solvent azeotropic mixtures or isomers that are challenging for traditional distillation methods. However, the conventional methods to fabricate pervaporation membranes often lead to limitations in membrane performance and stability, such as the restrictiveness of material selection and the high costs of manufacturing. Herein, we utilized commercially available inexpensive monomers CE (3,4-Epoxycyclohexylmethyl) and DOX (3-ethyl-3-[(3-ethyloxetan-3-yl)methoxymethyl]oxetane), along with the sulfonium salt photo-initiator (Ar6S 2+ SbF 6- ), to fabricate pervaporation membranes through cationic photopolymerization, resulting in separation layers enriched with ether groups. The resulting pervaporation membranes were employed to separate ethanol/n-hexane and ethanol/cyclohexane azeotropes formed during the production of ethyl acetate. The separation efficiency was significantly enhanced compared to the original PVDF membranes, achieving a separation factor of up to 162.81 for ethanol/n-hexane azeotrope and 41.89 for ethanol/cyclohexane azeotrope. During the 110-hour prolonged operation test, the membranes demonstrated exceptional tolerance and long-term stability against different organic solvents.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2016
·Vol. 6
·期 103
·100796-100803
·
IF 3.289
Yi Xi Song,Xiao Ji Ye,Min Zhi Rong,Ming Qiu Zhang
To avoid the high corrosiveness of the fast-healing epoxy system previously developed by our lab, which contains a strong Lewis acid or Brønsted acid, we introduced a much less corrosive BF3–amine complex (50% boron trifluoride–2,4-dimethylaniline in 1,4-butanediol) as a replacement. The new hardener was successfully synthesized, encapsulated in silica hollow microcapsules, and embedded in an epoxy matrix with a microencapsulated cycloaliphatic epoxy monomer. Impact tests indicated that the healing system worked as expected. The self-healing epoxy composite can regain its strength within seconds at room temperature, and its self-healability remained stable after 4 months of storage. The high cationic polymerization reactivity of the cycloaliphatic epoxy accounts for the rapid restoration. It is believed that the present work represents an important step towards practical usage of the fast extrinsic self-healing strategy.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CATALYSIS LETTERS
·
2020
·Vol. 151
·期 6
·1766-1775
·
IF 2.482
Zhou Yulan,Liao Wanfeng,Ni Xiuyuan
Abstract For the cationic photopolymerization of high value, we designed a new visible-light initiator complex consisting of the visible-light sensitive titanium dioxide (Py x% :TiO 2 , x = 3, 6, 9, 12), octanioc acid and iodonium salt (Iod). The ternary complex was proved to efficiently initiate the cationic ring-opening polymerization of the epoxide under the light irradiation at the wavelength of 520 nm. By using gas chromatography-mass spectra (GC-MS), electron spin resonance (ESR) and 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H-NMR), the mechanism studies clearly presented that the Py x% :TiO 2 photocatalyzed the oxidation reaction of octanioc acid in the pathway of photo-Kolbe decarboxylation. Meanwhile, Iod was decomposed by the photocatalytic reduction reaction. The results of this visible-light photocatalytic cationic polymerization process were analyzed by using attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The conversion of the epoxide can reach up to 93.8%. Graphic Abstract
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）