Intramuscular fat (IMF) content is associated with lamb flavor and largely varies between individuals of the same breed. However, studies investigating the effects of IMF variations on lipid profiles and aroma compounds are limited. Here, we performed lipidomic and volatilomic profiling of high-IMF and low-IMF Hu lambs. Triglycerides and diglycerides in the high-IMF group were significantly higher than those in the low-IMF group ( p < 0.05). Seventy-nine of 842 lipids identified were significantly different between the groups under positive and negative ion modes (variable importance in projection > 1, p < 0.05). Volatilomic analyses revealed that the aroma profiles also differed between the groups. Fifteen aroma compounds, mainly originating from lipid oxidation, could be responsible for this difference. Thus, our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the increases in IMF content that drive consumers’ satisfaction and also provide a basis for underpinning breeding value for IMF.
The total synthesis of compound 1 , a chiral diglyceride metabolite present in both humans and fungi, was achieved via a seven-step route, affording the target molecule in 2.33% overall yield. The synthetic strategy involved: (1) selective protection of the terminal hydroxyl group of chiral ketal 2 with a sterically hindered benzyl group, followed by ketal deprotection to yield benzyl ether 4 ; (2) protection of the terminal hydroxyl group of benzyl ether 4 with a bulky silyl protecting group, and subsequent esterification of the remaining hydroxyl with erucic acid to generate ester 6 ; (3) removal of the silyl protecting group from ester 6 , followed by esterification of the liberated hydroxyl group with pentadecanoic acid to afford ester 8 ; and (4) selective deprotection of the benzyl group of ester 8 to furnish compound 1 . Network pharmacology and molecular docking studies identified 196 potential targets of compound 1 , with AKT1, ALB, CASP3, EGFR, HSP90AA1, IGF1, and SRC highlighted as potential hub targets. In silico analysis suggested potential therapeutic applications in diabetes, neuro-systemic diseases, thyroid hormone disorders, lipid disorders, tumors, and gynaecological diseases. Furthermore, in silico screening using three databases identified 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR) as a potential biological target. However, in vitro HMGCR inhibition assays failed to demonstrate a significant reduction in cholesterol levels in human blood upon treatment with compound 1 . These findings contribute to the understanding of the chemical synthesis and biological activity of chiral diglycerides and provide a basis for future research in this area.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）