AMERICAN SOCIOLOGIST
·
2002
·Vol. 33
·期 3
·21-57
·
IF 0
Richardson Barbara
Best known as the first woman graduate from MIT, and the founder of Home Economics, Ellen Swallow Richards was a Progressive Era reformer who applied social science research techniques to problems of concern to early sociologists. As a mentor to many women who joined the “Cultural” and “Pragmatic” feminists of Hull House, her secular theories of “Oekology” and “Euthenics” challenged many of the models of social change prevalent in the Cambridge and Chicago academic communities. Her most radical contribution as a feminist was her assertion that women’s unpaid labor in the home played a vital economic role in maintaining capitalism and was the ultimate source of their second-class citizenship. She shared a belief in democracy and education as a feminist “Pragmatist,” and laid the groundwork for the contemporary “Ecofeminist” movement. Although she was a biochemist by training, she engaged several genera-tions of women in the application of scientific methods to the solution of contemporary social problems. As a political organizer, much of her legacy is reflected in the accomplishments of the reform organizations she was instrumental in founding.
研究领域:
社会学
·
女性研究
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环境科学
·
公共健康
·
教育学
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应用社会科学
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DOI
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
·
2021
·Vol. 78
·期 2
·643-652
·
IF 4.845
Jiyuan Liu,Tong Zhou,Chaoxia Li,Ruichi Li,Xuan Ye,Zhen Tian
BACKGROUND Pheromone-based management is a leading nonpesticidal strategy among integrated pest management options. Improving the potency of pheromone products by adding synergists would be a practical way to popularize pheromone-based management as well as to reduce pesticide use. RESULTS Using reverse chemical ecology, synergists for Grapholita molesta sex pheromone were screened. Combined molecular docking and in vitro binding assay led to the determination of four potentially active odorants showing high affinity to G. molesta pheromone binding protein 2 (GmolPBP2). Thereafter, the high affinity between Codlemone and GmolPBP2 was further verified by exploration of GmolPBP2–Codlemone interactions. As the only sex pheromone synergist validated by both laboratory behavioral tests and field trapping, Codlemone was used to optimize commercial sex attractants currently used in G. molesta control. The recommended formulation [( Z )-8-dodecenyl acetate:( E )-8-dodecenyl acetate:Codlemone = 95:4:10] was found to trap about five to six times more G. molesta adults than the commercial sex attractant [( Z )-8-dodecenyl acetate:( E )-8-dodecenyl acetate: ( Z )-8-dodecenol = 95:4:1]. CONCLUSION Codlemone is an excellent pheromone synergist that can be potentially sensed by GmolPBP2, which can remarkably improve the potency of G. molesta sex attractants. It is believed that the introduction of reverse chemical ecology would increase the chance of discovering pheromone synergists, promoting the development of more efficacious pheromone products that can be used in controlling G. molesta and beyond. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
研究领域:
昆虫学
·
化学生态学
·
害虫管理
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·
IF 5.895
Ning-Na Yin,An-Jin Yang,Chun Wu,Hai-Yan Xiao,Yu-Ruo Guo,Nai-Yong Liu
In this study, we annotated 49 odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) in Papilio xuthus, with four novel genes and seven improved sequences. Expression profiles identified numerous OBPs in antennae or reproductive tissues. Using two antenna-enriched general OBPs (PxutGOBP1 and PxutGOBP2) as targets, we screened three key compounds by a reverse chemical ecology strategy. Of these, an oviposition stimulant vicenin-2 could strongly interact with PxutGOBP1, representing a dissociation constant (Ki) value of 10.34 ± 0.07 μM. Molecular simulations and site-directed mutagenesis revealed the importance of His66, Thr73, and Phe118 between PxutGOBP1 and vicenin-2 interactions. Two other compounds, an ordinary floral scent β-ionone and a widely used insecticide chlorpyrifos, exhibited high affinities to PxutGOBPs (Ki < 13 μM). Furthermore, two mutations His66Ala and Thr73Ala of PxutGOBP1 significantly reduced the binding to chlorpyrifos. Our study provides insights into the putative roles of PxutGOBPs in odorant perception and identifies key binding sites of PxutGOBP1 to vicenin-2 and chlorpyrifos.
研究领域:
昆虫学
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基因组学
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化学生态学
·
分子生物学
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Bio-protocol
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 21
·e5104
·
IF 1
Peng-Wu Yin,Xian-Guo Guo,Wen-Yu Song,Wen-Ge Dong,Yan Lv,Dao-Chao Jin
The ectoparasites of rodents and other small mammals usually involve five categories of arthropods—fleas, sucking lice, gamasid mites, chigger mites, and occasionally, ticks. These ectoparasites are medically important, serving as vectors for diseases such as plague, murine typhus, scrub typhus, forest encephalitis, Lyme disease, and other zoonoses. Field surveys, collection, and specimen preparation of ectoparasites are crucial for studying taxonomy, faunistics, ecology, and epidemiology. They are also essential for vector surveillance. The present protocol summarizes the on-site monitoring and specimen-making of ectoparasites of rodents and other sympatric small mammals. Besides the collection and specimen preparation of small mammal hosts, the protocol describes in detail the collection, fixation, specimen-making, and taxonomic identification of ectoparasites and provides some monitoring indices. The on-site monitoring indices include the host density index and the infestation indices of ectoparasites (prevalence, mean abundance, mean intensity). The methodologies outlined in this protocol provide technical guidance and references for vector monitoring (surveillance) and control. Key features • Collection and specimen preparation of small mammal hosts, including rodents (rats, mice, and voles) and other sympatric small mammals (shrews, tree shrews, and pikas). • Collection, fixation, specimen-making, and taxonomic identification of ectoparasites, including fleas, sucking lice, gamasid mites, chigger mites, and ticks. • On-site monitoring indices—host density index and infestation indices of ectoparasites: prevalence, mean abundance, and mean intensity. Graphical overview Flowchart for collection and specimen-making of ectoparasites and their hosts. A. Process for the collection and specimen preparation of small mammal hosts. B. Collection and fixation of ectoparasites. C. Process for specimen-making for different categories of ectoparasites.
研究领域:
寄生虫学
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动物学
·
流行病学
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公共卫生
·
医学昆虫学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2020
·Vol. 28
·期 9
·11572-11585
·
IF 3.056
Zou Yanghuan,Ye Chenli,Pan Yongzhang
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been proposed as significant sources of microplastics (MPs) in freshwater and estuarine environments. WWTPs, even those with high removal efficiencies, release millions of MPs per plant daily. China is the largest plastic producer worldwide, but only a few studies of MP pollution from WWTPs have been carried out in China. In this work, we present a comprehensive report concerning the MPs in effluent from six WWTPs in Guangzhou, which is the third largest city in China. The six WWTPs employ different treatment processes and serve different populations and types of factories. The average abundance of MPs in the effluents of all six WWTPs was 1.719 ± 1.035 MP/L. Fiber was the most common type of MP in the effluent, accounting for 39.48 ± 6.37% of all MPs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed that 35.7% of the particles were plastics, including polyethylene terephthalate (31.9%), polypropylene (26.6%), and polyethylene (9.7%). The results showed that advanced or tertiary treatment technologies could substantially remove MPs and that the size of the population served was positively associated with the abundance of MPs. The number of textile factories was a key factor contributing to the total release of MPs. In addition, the MP shapes and polymer compositions showed that the occurrence of MP types is regional, varies regionally, and is related to the types of factories in the vicinity. More studies on the effects of specific industries are suggested in order to improve the management of wastewater discharge and reduce MPs presence in the natural environment.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
生态学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
·
2017
·Vol. 65
·期 1
·87-96
·
IF 0.639
Congyan Wang,Jun Liu,Hongguang Xiao,Jiawei Zhou,Daolin Du
This study aims to gain insights into the allelopathic effects (by using leaf extracts) of the notorious invasive Solidago canadensis L. on seed germination of the associated Pterocypsela laciniata (Houtt.) C. Shih under different nitrogen (N) forms added: inorganic (NO3--N and NH4 -N), organic (urea-N), and mixed N (a mixture of the three N forms at 1:1:1 ratio). Among the two used concentrations of S. canadensis leaf extracts the higher exhibited inhibitory allelopathic effects on seedling height and biomass, germination potential, germination index, and vigor index of P. laciniata. N demonstrated positive effects on seed germination of P. laciniata. The effects of mixed and organic N on the seedling biomass of P. laciniata were more pronounced than those of inorganic N and control treatment. The vigor index of P. laciniata under mixed N was significantly higher than those under single N form and control treatment. Thus, organic and mixed N showed higher ecological effects on seed germination of P. laciniata than inorganic and single N form. All N forms could alleviate the inhibitory allelopathic effects of S. canadensis on seed germination of P. laciniata. Overall, the inhibitory allelopathic impact of S. canadensis on seed germination of native species may be attenuated under increased and diverse N deposition, thus it could prevent its further invasion.
研究领域:
植物学
·
生态学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF AQUACULTURE
·
2018
·Vol. 80
·期 4
·436-446
·
IF 0.737
Wentong Xia,Xiao Qu,Yingxue Zhang,Rui Wang,Wei Xin,Chuanbo Guo,Jim Bowker,Yushun Chen
Fish culture in lakes is an important component of aquaculture in some countries, but little is known about its impact on the ecosystem of the impacted lake. In summer 2015, we measured concentrations of 11 heavy metals, including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and manganese (Mn), in water and sediment from 23 lakes of different aquaculture classifications in the middle reach of the Yangtze River basin, China. These lakes represented the following four lake aquaculture management strategies: fish ranching in lakes classified as receiving low (LOW; used for backup drinking water and irrigation), medium (MEDIUM), or high (HIGH; fish fed commercial feed) stocking rates or as fallow (FALLOW), in which previously ranched HIGH lakes had not been stocked for 2 years. Results showed a positive relationship between most heavy metal concentrations and fish culture intensity. Concentrations of Cu, Zn, and aluminum (Al) in the water column were significantly greater in the HIGH lakes than in the LOW lakes. Heavy metals in the FALLOW lakes did not appear to fully recover from past aquaculture activities. In sediment, the concentration of As in LOW lakes was significantly lower than those in MEDIUM and HIGH lakes, whereas no among-group significant differences in the other heavy metal concentrations were detected. Metals in sediments of all four lake types were at the low ecological risk level. We speculate that these results may be applied to lakes in other regions globally with similar fish stocking and management strategies.
研究领域:
生态学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Desalination and Water Treatment
·
2016
·
IF 1.272
Jia-jia Yuan,Wen-yi Dong,Fei-yun Sun,Ke Zhao,Pu Li
Under the present investigation, removal capacities and influential factors of four heavy metals (HMs) (Cu, Pb, Cr, and Ni) by three wetland vegetations, i.e. Canna indica, Dracaena sanderiana, Cyperus alternifolius, were conducted to assess their feasibility and reliability to collocate into an ecological vegetation-activated sludge process (V-ASP) for HMs contained wastewater treatment. The maximum specific Cu, Pb, Cr, and Ni removal rate of D. sanderiana, C. indica, C. indica, and C. alternifolius was 17.6, 6.39, 19.09, and 7.05 mg/kg WW-d, respectively. Co-existence of organic and nitrogenous pollutants and their content fluctuation affected significantly on Cu, Pb, and Ni removal efficiency, and moderately on Cr removal. A weak alkaline (7.5–8.0) in bulk favored Cu and Pb removal, while a weak acidic (~6.5) was beneficial to Ni elimination. Vegetation roots had a much higher HMs concentration than their stems and leaves, and continuous HMs accumulation within vegetation decreased its photosynthesis rates, and made various morphological changes, although which would be recovered under proper conditions. Evidences of stable HMs removal by proper vegetation collocation give direct guideline for V-ASP configuration, which have profound significance for its practical application.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
生态学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Forests
·
2022
·Vol. 13
·期 2
·253
·
IF 3.282
Xuan Li,Huijuan Bo,Jialei Zhu,Jiwei Zhang,Jun Hu,Fuyong Mu,Lishui Nie
This study aimed to explore the effects of different additives on tending shreds ofPlatycladus orientalis(L.) Franco. Two different additives (priming 0.2% and common compost 0.2%) combined with C, N, and P adjustment of raw material treatments were tested on the temperature, moisture, EC, pH, lignocellulose degradation rate, nutrient content, and toxicity of compost. Priming made the compost temperature rise rapidly, and the peak temperature of the composting group with priming reached 51 °C. At the end of composting, the moisture in each treatment from high to low was in the order: common compost > priming > C/N, C/P adjustment only > control group. The increase of EC in the treatments with additives was great, and the peak value of EC in the treatment of priming was 1.30 ms·cm−1, which was 3.9 times higher than that of the control group. At the end of composting, the decomposition rate of cellulose in priming compost was 1.7 times higher than that in the control group, and the hemicellulose decomposition rate in the common compost group was 3.2 times higher than that in the control group. By the end of composting, the pH value of the composts in additive treatments was above 7.0, and the pH value of the priming treatment was the highest (7.5). The highest content of organic matter was found in the priming treatment, which was 52%, 1.7 times higher than that in the control group. The total nutrient content (TN + K2O + P2O5) of additive treatments was higher than 5.0%, and the priming treatment was 2.7% higher than that of the control group. By the end of composting, the germination rate and germination index ranged from 88% to 91% and 60% to 81%. Except for the control group, the C/N ratio of other treatments decreased to below 25. Additives can accelerate the decomposition of raw materials, shorten the composting cycle, and improve the quality of composts, and the effect of adding priming is the most significant.Keywords:Platycladus orientalis(L.) Franco;compost;forest stand;Huairou District;nutrient cycling
研究领域:
林业学
·
生态学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
·
2020
·Vol. 287
·期 1925
·
IF 4.638
Waseem Raza,Jianing Wang,Alexandre Jousset,Ville-Petri Friman,Xinlan Mei,Shimei Wang,Zhong Wei,Qirong Shen
Even though bacteria are important in determining plant growth and health via volatile organic compounds (VOCs), it is unclear how these beneficial effects emerge in multi-species microbiomes. Here we studied this using a model plant–bacteria system, where we manipulated bacterial community richness and composition and determined the subsequent effects on VOC production and VOC-mediated pathogen suppression and plant growth-promotion. We assembled VOC-producing bacterial communities in different richness levels ranging from one to 12 strains using three soil-dwelling bacterial genera (Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Pseudomonas) and investigated how the composition and richness of bacterial community affect the production and functioning of VOCs. We found that VOC production correlated positively with pathogen suppression and plant growth promotion and that all bacteria produced a diverse set of VOCs. However, while pathogen suppression was maximized at intermediate community richness levels when the relative amount and the number of VOCs were the highest, plant growth promotion was maximized at low richness levels and was only affected by the relative amount of plant growth-promoting VOCs. The contrasting effects of richness could be explained by differences in the amount and number of produced VOCs and by opposing effects of community productivity and evenness on pathogen suppression and plant-growth promotion along the richness gradient. Together, these results suggest that the number of interacting bacterial species and the structure of the rhizosphere microbiome drive the balance between VOC-mediated microbe–pathogen and microbe–plant interactions potentially affecting plant disease outcomes in natural and agricultural ecosystems.
研究领域:
植物学
·
微生物学
·
生态学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Water
·
2017
·Vol. 9
·期 5
·326
·
IF 1.832
Ting Zhang,Jian He,Xingzhang Luo
Due to the fact that not all eutrophic lakes have cyanobacteria blooms, we hypothesized Fe may be another important limiting factor which regulates cyanobacteria bloom formation. We tested the hypothesis by batch cultures of bloom-forming Cyanobacterium,Microcystis aeruginosawith different ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-Fe concentrations (0.5–6.0 mg/L), three levels of initial biomass, and excessive N and P (N = 4.2 mg/L, P = 0.186 mg/L) to simulate dynamically a cyanobacteria bloom in eutrophic conditions. The effect of EDTA and Fe uptake kinetics byM. aeruginosawere also examined. Results showedM. aeruginosagrowth rate positively correlated with EDTA-Fe concentration and negatively correlated with biomass. Maximal biomass ofM. aeruginosawas determined by Fe availability and initial biomass. EDTA could decrease both Fe availability and toxicity. Based on experimental results, a conceptual model of how Fe availability regulates cyanobacterial biomass in eutrophic lakes was developed. This study demonstrated bioavailable Fe is a potential limiting factor in eutrophic lakes that should be included in eutrophication management strategies.Keywords:Microcystis;eutrophication control;freshwater;Fe availability
研究领域:
环境科学
·
生态学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
·
2023
·Vol. 30
·期 15
·44819-44832
·
IF 5.8
Jia Xia,Wang Yunjie,Zhao Jiamin,Gao Yunfeng,Zhang Chunyan,Feng Xiaojuan,Ding Xiaoyi
Global warming and heavy metal-contaminated soils co-occur in natural ecosystems. Flavonoids and phenolic acids in plants have significant antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging ability, which can quickly increase under adverse environments. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization can affect the synthesis of flavonoids and phenolic acids in host plants. This study focused on the main effect of Glomus mosseae , cadmium (Cd, 8 mg kg −1 dry soils), and elevated temperature (ET, + 3 °C) on main flavonoids and phenolic acids in 120-d Medicago sativa L. (alfalfa). Elevated temperature decreased G. mosseae colonization ratio by 49.5% under Cd exposure. Except for p-hydroxybenzoic acid, flavonoids and phenolic acids content in shoots increased ( p < 0.05) under G. mosseae + Cd relative to Cd only. G. mosseae and Cd showed significant effects on rutin, quercetin, apigenin, liquiritigenin, gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid, and G. mosseae colonization led to increases in these compounds by 41.7%, 35.4%, 32.2%, 267.8%, 84.7%, 33.5%, 102.8%, and 89.4%, respectively, under ET + Cd. Carbon, N, and Cd in alfalfa and G. mosseae colonization rate were significant factors on flavonoids and phenolic acids accumulation. Additionally, P content in shoots significantly influenced flavonoids content. G. mosseae inoculation significantly stimulated the synthesis of main flavonoids and phenolic acids in alfalfa shoots under ET + Cd, which was helpful to understand the regulation of AMF on non-enzyme antioxidant system of plants grown in heavy metal-contaminated soils under global change scenarios.
研究领域:
植物学
·
环境科学
·
生态学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）