ENERGY & FUELS
·
2024
·
IF 5.2
Yuxiang Chen,Chao Li,Lijun Zhang,Shu Zhang,Jun Xiang,Song Hu,Yi Wang,Mortaza Gholizadeh,Xun Hu
Pig manure is a typical solid waste, which features a high content of inorganics. These inorganics might be involved in thermochemical conversion of pig manure, and this was investigated herein by pyrolysis of pig manure leached with varied concentrations of H2SO4 (0.5–6 mol L–1) at 600 °C. The removal of acid-leachable inorganics [CaCO3, Ca3(PO4)2, alkaline oxides, etc.] exposed more acidic sites derived from the oxides, like SiO2. This enhanced production of the gases at the expense of bio-oil. Furthermore, aromatization and secondary condensation reactions were also promoted, increasing not only the yield of char (from 29.6 to 39.7%, on an organic basis) but also the carbon content in char from 16.1% (blank sample) to 26.2% (leached with 6 mol L–1 H2SO4). Leaching partial inorganics rendered more sufficient contact and interaction between the organics, facilitating charring of organic matter. This further retained more carbon skeleton for generation of more micropores, which further enhanced the capability of the resulting char for adsorption of phenol. In situ infrared analysis indicated the presence of more abundant oxygen-containing functionalities and carbonaceous species after the leaching treatment, favoring the occurrence of aromatization reactions.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
能源转化
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2014
·
IF 5.039
Yangyang Qian,Jie Zhang,Jie Wang
The pyrolysis of rice husk was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor with a sweeping nitrogen gas to investigate the effects of pressure on the pyrolytic behaviors. The release rates of main gases during the pyrolysis, the distributions of four products (char, bio-oil, water and gas), the elemental compositions of char, bio-oil and gas, and the typical compounds in bio-oil were determined. It was found that the elevation of pressure from 0.1 MPa to 5.0 MPa facilitated the dehydration and decarboxylation of bio-oil, and the bio-oils obtained under the elevated pressures had significantly less oxygen and higher calorific value than those obtained under atmospheric pressure. The former bio-oils embraced more acetic acid, phenols and guaiacols. The elevation of pressure increased the formation of CH 4 partially via the gas-phase reactions. An attempt is made in this study to clarify “the pure pressure effect” and “the combined effect with residence time”.
研究领域:
能源科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
·
2024
·
IF 6.9
Xin Zhong,Chao Li,Yuewen Shao,Lijun Zhang,Shu Zhang,Xun Hu
Bio-oil, a major product from biomass pyrolysis, is a renewable source for production of functional carbon materials such as activated carbon (AC). Bio-oil can be activated directly via mixing with an activator or be pre-carbonized followed by subsequent activation. These two processes feature with distinct reaction network and might affect pore characteristics in different ways. This was investigated herein by direct activation of bio-oil or biochar from pre-carbonization of bio-oil using K 2 C 2 O 4 or KOH as the activator at 800 ºC. The results indicated that bio-oil was pre-carbonized into biochar at 500 ºC improved yields of AC (83.6 % versus 17.5 % from direct activation of bio-oil with K 2 C 2 O 4 ) through enhanced aromatic degree and resistivity to cracking. This also diminished specific surface area of resulting AC (716.3 versus 1035.5 m 2 g −1 from direct activation). Much more intensive cracking reactions in direct activation of bio-oil with K 2 C 2 O 4 were confirmed with in-situ IR technique. This not only formed AC of more developed pore structures, especially more mesopores/macropores, but also generated gases as dominate product (yield: 74.5 %). Similar result was observed from activation with KOH, but KOH was more effective than K 2 C 2 O 4 for cracking. This, however, did not result in AC of more developed pore structures, as the K 2 CO 3 derived from KOH tended to be wrapped with organics in direct activation of bio-oil and was difficult to be washed away, blocking pores generated.
研究领域:
能源材料
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2016
·
IF 4.917
Leichang Cao,Cheng Zhang,Shilai Hao,Gang Luo,Shicheng Zhang,Jianmin Chen
This study examined the effect of glycerol used as a co-solvent on yields of bio-oil derived from rice straw through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The reaction was conducted in a high-pressure batch reactor with different volume ratios of glycerol to water. The quality of the derived bio-oil was analyzed in terms of its elemental composition, heating value, water content, ash content, and acid number. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were conducted to analyze the chemical composition of the derived bio-oils. The following optimal conditions were obtained: 1:1 vol ratio of glycerol to water with 5 wt% of Na 2 CO 3 at 260 °C for 1 h. Under these conditions, 50.31 wt% of bio-oil and 26.65 wt% of solid residue were produced. Therefore, glycerol can be used as a co-solvent in HTL of rice straw at moderate temperatures to obtain bio-oil with high yield and quality.
研究领域:
能源植物学
·
可再生能源工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
·
2022
·
IF 7.693
Yuanyuan Meng,Lei Zhan,Chichun Hu,Yuke Tang,Daniel Großegger,Xiangqian Ye
Sustainable bio-oil, as a modifier and partial substitute for asphalt binder, is potentially reducing dependence on non-renewable petroleum asphalt in pavement engineering. However, unsatisfactory performance of bio-oil asphalt dramatically hinders the application of bio-oil in pavement engineering. In this paper, bio-oil based polyurethane modified asphalt (BPMA), an innovative way of modifying bio-oil asphalt binder, was explored to prepare a sustainable asphalt binder with satisfactory performance. BPMA was synthesized by virgin asphalt and bio-based polyurethane (BPU), in particular, BPU was pre-assembled by castor oil, isosorbide, and isocyanate. The formulation and synthesis process of BPU were investigated via mechanical property test and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Attributed to the addition of isosorbide, BPU exhibited a significant decrease in crosslinking density and a remarkable improvement in ductility. Furthermore, BPMA containing various contents of BPU at different curing duration were systematically studied by rotational viscosity, storage stability, fluorescence microscopy, FTIR, dynamic shear rheometer and bending beam rheometer to evaluate workability, compatibility, modification mechanism, working performances. Results showed that BPMA exhibited suitable workability, good compatibility, and satisfactory working performance. Moreover, the microstructure of BPMA transformed from VB-phase dominated island structure to BPU-phase dominated spatial network structure as BPU content increased. FTIR results indicated a combination modification mechanism of physical modification (effect of BPU) and chemical modification (chemical crosslinking between BPU and VB).
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2015
·Vol. 132
·期 25
·
IF 1.768
Zhengbin Tian,Lei Zong,Rujie Niu,Xiao Wang,Yan Li,Shiyun Ai
Conversion of lignin derived from lignocellulosic biomass to bio-oil has the promising potential to significantly reduce petroleum dependence. For that purpose, it is necessary to search for a low-cost lignin source. In this study, lignin sample was separated from straw pulping black liquor by HCl-precipitation, followed by extraction with a mixture of dioxane and water. The content of lignin in the total black liquor solid reached up to 34.8%, determined by UV spectroscopy, and the yield could account for 74.4% of the total lignin composition. The structure of lignin was investigated by various spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, 1 H-NMR, XRD, and XPS. The structural analysis revealed that recovered lignin preserved basic lignin structure, but had relatively lower amount of β-O-4 linkages. The molecular weights were studied through THF-eluted GPC showing that separated lignin had the low M n , which was favorable for the full degradation process during conversion of lignin to bio-oil. Therefore, a feasible solution for effective utilization of lignin in straw pulping black liquor as feedstock for bio-oil was proposed in the study. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 42057.
研究领域:
生物质能
·
化学工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
·
2022
·
IF 8.129
Huiyan Zhang,Chenjun Yang,Yujie Tao,Min Chen,Rui Xiao
The unstable oxygenates of raw bio-oil limit its high-value utilization, which renders the refinement process necessary. Catalytic cracking is one of the promising refining methods and HZSM-5 was found to be an effective catalyst. To investigate the reaction mechanism of catalytic cracking of the oxygenated components in bio-oil, guaiacol and acetic acid, are employed for the catalytic conversion over HZSM-5 and metal modified zeolite Zn/HZSM-5 in a self-designed micro-reactor. Herein, the mechanism of pyrolysis and catalytic cracking was calculated by density functional theory (DFT). For guaiacol, the selectivity of salicylaldehyde decreased from 57.41% to 41.84% and 40.31% over HZSM-5 and Zn/HZSM-5, respectively. In the catalytic cracking over Zn/HZSM-5, the yield of aromatic hydrocarbon increased. More specifically, benzene appeared in the liquid product. For acetic acid, the removal of the oxy-functional group was further promoted by Zn/HZSM-5, the as-formed ketene intermediate continues to react with zeolite catalysts, generating acetyl cation, and finally formed CO and ethylene. Zn/HZSM-5 has a better effect on promoting the reaction of ketene and methoxide since the energy barrier of the rate-determining step in this reaction decreased from 163.27 kJ/mol to 151.19 kJ/mol. Demethoxylation and dehydration were considered to be favored by Lewis acid sites.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
·
2023
·
IF 9.8
Chuxuan Zhang,Xun Gong,Jianhui Zeng,Zhengkang Peng,Xiaomin Li,Luqiu Lin,Yang Peng,Shuang Wang
Liquefaction of microalgae in ethanol offers an eco-friendly bio-oil alternative, but solvent recycling is crucial for sustainability due to extra costs. In this work, Chlorella vulgaris was liquefied in supercritical ethanol at 260 °C, and the solvent phase (SP) separated from bio-oil was recovered and reused. Five liquefaction cycles were performed at identical temperature and pressure conditions to investigate the effects on oil production and nitrogen transformation. The findings demonstrated a gradual increase in water content in recycled SP. Ethanol-water co-solvent as the reaction medium promoted the decomposition and re-polymerization of protein in raw material, thus increasing the bio-oil yield (76.84 %) and higher heating value (33.53 MJ/kg) to some extent. Simultaneously, the relative nitrogen content of bio-oil rose from 8.03 % to 8.52 %, predominantly in the form of nitrogen heterocycles. The potential pathway for nitrogen conversion was revealed, which establishes a theoretical basis for the subsequent denitrification of bio-oil.
研究领域:
生物能源
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENERGY
·
2024
·
IF 9
Tao Lu,Zhiwen Ma,Yali Pan,Zhenyu Wu,Yupeng Yuan,Yingqiang Sun
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of microalgae for bio-oil production is a promising strategy to avoid extensive fossil fuel utilization, while tandem amidation and Maillard reactions during hydrolysis of cellular compounds unavoidably result in formation of nitrogen containing (N-containing) compounds, reducing quality of bio-oil. Accordingly, VO 4 3− intercalated Cu–Fe layered double oxides named as Cu 2 Fe-VO 4 -LDO is firstly synthesized to both catalyze hydrolysis of cellular compounds and block N-containing compounds formation. The results indicate Cu 2 Fe-VO 4 -LDO can improve bio-oil yield from 19.32 to 20.32 wt%, with decrease of N/C ratio from 0.70 of control to 0.67 of experimental group, and increase of H/C ratio from 0.129 to 0.132. The insert of VO 4 3− provides more strong-acid sites, which are beneficial to hydrolysis of cellular compounds. Meanwhile, more strong-base sites of Cu 2 Fe-VO 4 -LDO promote decarboxylation of fatty acids and removing amino-group of amino acids, subsequently improve production of alkanes. Furthermore, the reversible oxidation of VO 4 3− promotes oxidation of reducing sugars, blocking tandem amidation and Maillard reaction between intermedia of hydrolyzed lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. This work reports a methodology for synthesis of Cu 2 Fe-VO 4 -LDO with strong acid-base sites and reversible oxidize interlayer sites, providing a strategy to simultaneously improve bio-oil yield and reduce its N/C ratio.
研究领域:
能源生物学
·
催化化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Linghui Kong,Yuewen Shao,Runxing Sun,Shu Zhang,Yi Wang,Jun Xiang,Song Hu,Dong Wang,Chuanjun Leng,Xun Hu
Bio-oil contains abundant aliphatic organics, which can be used to impregnate a biomass feedstock for increasing aliphatic content, as aliphatics are important for pore development in activation. Herein, impregnation of homologous bio-oil to spring jasmine wood (SJW) and further activation of the impregnated sample (SJW-oil) with ZnCl 2 or K 2 C 2 O 4 were conducted, aiming to explore another alternative outlet for application of bio-oil. The results showed that the impregnated bio-oil increased yield of activated carbon (AC) by 29.9 % (on SJW basis) in activation with ZnCl 2 , due to promoted condensation of organics from the impregnated bio-oil. Nevertheless, the specific surface area was reduced from 2098.5 m 2 g −1 in activation of SJW only to 1602.1 m 2 g −1 from SJW-oil, as the impregnated bio-oil suppressed infiltration of ZnCl 2 to internal structures of SJW. However, more mesopores were generated in AC-Oil-ZnCl 2 (85.9 %) than in AC-ZnCl 2 (92.5 %), originating from activation of organics in impregnated bio-oil. K 2 C 2 O 4 could easily crack organics in the impregnated bio-oil and in SJW, increasing specific surface area from 1152.2 m 2 g −1 in AC-K 2 C 2 O 4 to 1283.4 m 2 g −1 in AC-Oil-K 2 C 2 O 4 . In-situ IR characterization showed formation of additional aliphatic structures from the impregnated bio-oil and also intensified cracking reactions, favoring pore developing but diminishing AC production. The impregnated bio-oil also rendered the AC with superior performance for phenol adsorption but lowered environmental impact of the activation process.
研究领域:
生物质能
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2025
·
IF 6.2
Jingang Yao,Guohui Zhang,Guanyi Chen,Beibei Yan,Xin Su,Dongmei Bi,Guiying Xu,Ke Yang,Yan Yao
Bio-oil, deriving from sustainable biomass pyrolysis, presents significant promise as a source for the production of renewable low-carbon alcohols (C 1–4 alcohols). Nevertheless, the intricate composition of bio-oil necessitates research into more eco-friendly and efficient conversion methodologies. In this context, an innovative and sustainable approach utilizing titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) as a catalyst has been successfully devised and implemented for photocatalytic conversion of bio-oil into methanol-enriched C 1–4 alcohols under mild conditions. The TiO 2 catalyst has undergone a comprehensive characterization, unveiling its remarkable crystallinity, mesoporous structure and outstanding optical absorption properties. Significantly, at ambient temperature, employing a TiO 2 catalyst loading of 4 wt%, a reaction duration of 3 h and an ethanol-to-bio-oil molar ratio of 12:1, TiO 2 demonstrated an exceptional selectivity of 66.24 % for C 1–4 alcohols, with particular emphasis on a methanol selectivity of 38.96 %. This stands in stark contrast to the control groups, one of which lacks ethanol (resulting in selectivities of 2.18 % and 0.57 %, respectively), and the other lacks bio-oil (resulting in selectivities of 0 % and 0 %, respectively). Impressively, the overall alcohol selectivity reached a remarkable 68.79 %. Even after undergoing 5 reuse cycles, TiO 2 continued to exhibit remarkable photocatalytic activity, maintaining methanol selectivity at 33.56 % and alcohol selectivity at 48.88 %. Additionally, the photocatalytic mechanism of bio-oil over TiO 2 has been reasonably theorized. The results highlight the potential of TiO 2 photocatalytic conversion of bio-oil to produce C 1–4 alcohols rich in methanol.
研究领域:
能源科学
·
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY & FUELS
·
2016
·
IF 2.835
Shurong Wang,Yurong Wang,Furong Leng,Junhao Chen
Sugars are among the main compounds in bio-oil produced by biomass pyrolysis. However, they can easily form coke, resulting in fast deactivation of the catalyst and severe blockage of the reactor during catalytic upgrading of bio-oil. Molecular distillation may be performed to retain sugars and pyrolytic lignin in the heavy fraction and thus to provide a primary stage for the subsequent sugar separation and utilization. A new method involving extraction, heat treatment, and column chromatography was introduced to separate further the aqueous phase obtained from the bio-oil heavy fraction by methanol–water extraction. Thus, monophenols and sugars were coextracted through these combined separation technologies. A fraction rich in monophenols was obtained by solvent extraction. Other impurities were further removed by heat treatment and column chromatography. An alcohol sedimentation method further separated the combined sugar-rich fraction into an ethanol-soluble fraction (SF-1) and an ethanol-insoluble fraction (SF-2). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography were performed to characterize sugars in the obtained fractions. SF-1 mainly contained monosaccharides such as levoglucosan, glucose, and xylose, whereas SF-2 still had a small amount of cellobiose besides monosaccharides. The ultimate recovery rates for several identified monosaccharides were in the range of 75–86 wt %.
研究领域:
能源与环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）