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Physiological fluxes and antioxidative enzymes activities of immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium loaded with TiO2 nanoparticles after exposure to toxic pollutants in solution

Qiong Tan,Guiqiu Chen,Guangming Zeng,Anwei Chen,Song Guan,Zhongwu Li,Yanan Zuo,Zhenzhen Huang,Zhi Guo

Immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium loaded with TiO 2 nanoparticles (PTNs) are novel high-value bioremediation materials for adsorbing cadmium and for degrading 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). The real-time changes in H + and O 2 fluxes were measured using the noninvasive microtest technique (NMT). The H + influx increased after the addition of 2,4-DCP, and shifted to efflux following the addition of Cd 2+ . The O 2 flux decreased after the addition of both 2,4-DCP and Cd 2+ . A larger Cd 2+ flux was immediately observed after exposure to 0.5   mM Cd 2+ (−351.25   pmol   cm −2   s −1 ) than to 0.1   mM Cd 2+ (−107.47   pmol   cm −2   s −1 ). The removal of Cd 2+ by the PTNs increased more after treatment with the 0.5   mM exposure solution (27.6   mg   g −1 ) than with the 0.1   mM exposure solution (3.49   mg   g −1 ). The enzyme activities were analyzed to review the antioxidative defense system of PTNs in a solution containing various concentrations of Cd 2+ . The activities of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase as well as the enzyme catalase (CAT) plateaued at 6.5   U   g −1 FW and 9.7   U   g −1 FW, respectively, after exposure to 0.25   mM Cd 2+ . The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased gradually in solutions containing 0.1–0.6   mM Cd 2+ , and eventually reached a maximum (68.86   U   g −1 FW). These results illustrate how the antioxidative defense system and the physiological fluxes of PTNs respond to the stress caused by toxic pollutants .