Current Pharmaceutical Analysis
·
2023
·Vol. 19
·期 6
·511-520
·
IF 0.6
Zhang Mengmeng,Zou Qiaogen
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an allergic skin disease that can be inherited. Crisaborole is a specific drug developed to deal with this disease. The compounds of 4-(4- Bromo-3-formyl-phenoxy)-benzonitrile and 4-(4-(4-bromo-3-formylphenoxy)-3- formylphenoxy) benzonitrile
are the representative impurities in the synthesis of Crisaborole active pharmaceutical in gradient (API). Owing to the genotoxic impurities that could lead to cancer and gene mutations, it is necessary to develop a simple, efficient, sensitive, and accurate method to detect these impurities.
In this study, the 4-(4-Bromo-3-formyl-phenoxy)-benzonitrile and 4-(4-(4- bromo-3-formylphenoxy)-3-formylphenoxy)benzo- nitrile present in Crisaborole API were detected using UPLC-MS/MS. Methods: The separation was made on a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-Pheny column (4.6 mm ×75mm, 3.5
μm) with the mobile phase of acetonitrile solution containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (A) and water containing 0.1% formic acid (B) in gradient elution mode. Quantification was performed using positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI), and the contents of two compounds were determined
using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. Results: The quantitative analytical method was fully validated with respect to linearity (r > 0.9998), sensitivity, precision, accuracy (the average recovery of two impurities was 84.1% to 90.7%), and robustness. Conclusion:
Three batches of samples were detected by UPLC-MS/MS, indicating that the proposed approach was applicable for the quality evaluation of Crisaborole.
研究领域:
药物分析
·
皮肤病学
·
毒理学
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DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 10.8
Shaoyang Hu,Xiangxiang Li,Guangzhao Li,Zhigang Li,Falin He,Guang Tian,Xingchen Zhao,Rutao Liu
Recently, seven dihalohydroxybenzonitriles (diHHBNs) have been determined as concerning nitrogenous aromatic disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water. Herein, eight new monohalohydroxybenzonitriles (monoHHBNs), including 3-chloro-2-hydroxybenzonitrile, 5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzonitrile, 3-chloro-4-hydroxybenzonitrile, 3-bromo-2-hydroxybenzonitrile, 5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzonitrile, 3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile, 5-iodo-2-hydroxybenzonitrile, and 3-iodo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile, were detected and identified in drinking water for the first time. Thereafter, the relative concentration–cytotoxicity contribution of each HHBN was calculated based on the acquired occurrence level and cytotoxicity data in this study, the genome-scale cytotoxicity mechanism was explored, and a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed. Results indicated that new monoHHBNs were present in drinking water at concentrations of 0.04–1.83 ng/L and exhibited higher cytotoxicity than some other monohalogenated aromatic DBPs. Notably, monoHHBNs showed concentration–cytotoxicity contribution comparable to diHHBNs, which have been previously identified as potential toxicity drivers in drinking water. Transcriptomic analysis revealed immunotoxicity and genotoxicity as dominant cytotoxicity mechanisms for HHBNs in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells, with potential carcinogenic effects. The QSAR model suggested oxidative stress and cellular uptake efficiency as important factors for their cytotoxicity, highlighting the importance of potential iodinated HHBNs in drinking water, such as 3,5-diiodo-2-hydroxybenzonitrile, for future studies. These findings are meaningful for better understanding the health risk and toxicological significance of HHBNs in drinking water.
研究领域:
环境化学
·
毒理学
·
基因组学
·
水处理
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Catalysis Science & Technology
·
2025
·
IF 4.2
Chengyang Sun,Yong Guo,Xiaohui Liu,Yanqin Wang
The upcycling of C–C bond linked polyolefins has drawn wide attention in recent years and a lot of studies have been focused on the conversion of polyolefins to hydrocarbons, while the further valorization to more value-added products has barely been developed. In this work, we developed an efficient strategy to upgrade polystyrene (PS) plastics into a single N-containing product, benzonitrile, over a NiO/CeO2 catalyst via a one-pot, two-step process. The first step is the oxidative-amination of PS to a mixture of benzamide and benzonitrile and the second step is the dehydration of benzamide to benzonitrile; finally, a single N-containing product, benzonitrile with a 50.3% yield, was achieved. Mechanism studies via control experiments in the first oxidative-amination step showed that benzaldehyde was the important intermediate, which can undergo two parallel pathways generating benzamide and benzonitrile, respectively. Following the dehydration of benzamide to benzonitrile in the second step, benzonitrile was produced as the only product. This strategy can also be extended to real-life PS plastics and a high yield of benzonitrile was achieved. This novel study provides an efficient approach for upgrading waste plastics to a single high-value product.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
环境科学
·
催化科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
·
2018
·
IF 2.616
Mujiao Zhang,Peiyuan Yao,Shanshan Yu,Tongcun Zhang,Qiaqing Wu,Dunming Zhu
An efficient method for the production of 4-cyanobenzoic acid from terephthalonitrile was developed by using a novel nitrilase from Pantoea sp. AS-PWVM4 (PaNIT). Under the optimized reaction conditions (pH 8.0 and 37 °C), up to 100 g/L substrate concentration was almost completely converted to 4-cyanobenzoic acid with wet whole cells loading of 5.0 wt% in 4 h and the isolated yield was 91%. The substrate concentration, yield and productivity (26.13 g/(L h)) are much higher than those in the previous studies. Furthermore, PaNIT has broad substrate specificity of catalyzing the hydrolysis of various aromatic nitriles and aliphatic nitriles. These results suggest that PaNIT is a valuable nitrilase with potential practical applications.
研究领域:
生物化学
·
酶工程
·
有机合成
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
·
2025
·
IF 8.9
Zichun Ding,Jianjian Jiao,Yuhang Wang,Runze Liu,Qing Wang,Jianing Guo,Siying Wang,Lishuai Zong,Xigao Jian,Jinyan Wang
Ultra heat-resistant phthalonitrile resin has faced serious challenges of the trade-off between temperature resistance and toughness and seriously affects its application in the field of temperature resistant structural composites. In this work, a kind of oligo (aryl ethers) containing phenyl-s-triazine and pendent amino group (AFT-Ph/PAFT-Ph) were first selected as modifier co-cured with phthalonitrile prepolymers containing a carborane (CEPN) to achieve synergistic improvement in toughness and heat resistance performance. The flexural and impact strengths of optimized composites reach 278.6 MPa and 58.4 kJ/m 2 , which are increased by 92.7 % and 1091.8 % compared to the blank contrast. The glass transition temperature ( T g ) remained consistent with that of the blank control group, both exceeding 550 ℃. Furthermore, the T d5% –N 2 shows a marginal increase from 706 ℃ in the blank contrast to 713 ℃ in the modified material. Simultaneously conducting research on the mechanism of collaborative improvement mentioned above.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
·
2025
·
IF 7.4
Ya Xue,Ying Li,Fei Zhong,Zhongxiang Bai,Pan Wang,Kui Li,Fan Lei,Zhoukun He,Yang Yang,Wei Feng,Xulin Yang
Traditional benzoxazines are largely constrained by the dependence on non-renewable resources, solvent-based synthesis, and insufficient thermal resistance. This study presents a novel high-performance bio-based benzoxazine containing phthalonitrile (BZPN), synthesized via melt condensation using eugenol, 3-aminophenoxyphthalonitrile, and paraformaldehyde. The chemical formula of BZPN was validated by FTIR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR analyses. The curing of BZPN involves ring-opening polymerization of oxazine group and ring-forming polymerization from phthalonitrile unit, yielding polybenzoxazines and heteroaromatics respectively. Combined TG-DTG, TG-FTIR with TG-MS technique, the three-stage thermal pyrolysis mechanism of BZPN was proposed. The initial decomposition ( T dm1 =395 °C) occurs through the cleavage of C N, C O, and C C bonds in the polybenzoxazine, releasing NH₃, H₂O, CH₄, and CO₂. The second stage ( T dm2 =485 °C) involves the cleavage of C O and C C bonds in the heteroaromatic networks by releasing NH₃, H₂O, CH₄, and CO₂. The final carbonization stage ( T dm3 =615 °C) includes the transformation of highly aromatic compounds into graphite. With the facile solvent-less synthesis method and superior comprehensive properties (compressive strength: >220 MPa, T g : >375 °C, T d5 : >390 °C, and C y : 72 % at 800 °C), bio-based BZPN is a promising high-performance thermosetting resin for advanced industrial and engineering applications.
研究领域:
高分子化学
·
材料科学
·
有机合成
·
热分析
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
·
2025
·
IF 8.4
Shaoyang Hu,Fangyuan Dong,Xiangxiang Li,Ning Sun,Xiaoyang Wang,Shuqi Guo,Yuntao Qi,Rutao Liu
Halohydroxybenzonitriles (HHBNs) were reported to exist in drinking water as an emerging group of nitrogen-containing aromatic disinfection byproducts (DBPs). The involvement of binding energy with catalase (CAT) as one of molecular descriptors in the quantitative structure-activity relationship model for HHBN cytotoxicity supported that oxidative stress is highly possible to be an essential cytotoxicity mechanism for HHBNs, and the disruption of cellular redox homeostasis may be partly attributed to their interactions towards CAT. However, the relevant evidence is lacking as yet. Thus, in this study, typical biomarkers for oxidative stress and damage in HHBN-treated cells were examined, and the binding interactions between HHBN and CAT were explored. Results indicated that upon exposure to 3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzonitrile, the antioxidant system (e.g., CAT, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione) was disrupted, and excessive reactive oxygen species gave rise to oxidative DNA damage, which further resulted in cell apoptosis. Moreover, the binding interaction between CAT and 3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzonitrile could change the structure and activity of CAT, with the formation of complexes primarily dependent on van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding. A positive correlation was observed between HHBN cytotoxicity and inhibitory potency on the biological function of CAT, and some unidentified iodinated HHBNs warrant special attention in future owing to their potential high cytotoxicity. The above results contribute to a better understanding of the toxic mechanisms of emerging HHBN DBPs.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
毒理学
·
生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
·
2023
·
IF 2.1
Slimane Abdous,Mehdi Derradji,Oussama Mehelli,Karim Khiari,Mohamed Elamine Kadi,Abdelmalek Habes,Noureddine Ramdani,Abdeljalil Zegaoui,Wenbin Liu
The design of lightweight neutron shields has been restricted for quite some time to the use of epoxy thermosets as the main building blocks. Meanwhile, the recent developments in the field of polymers suggest otherwise. Indeed, the phthalonitrile (PN) resins have taken the lead over traditional thermosets in many demanding applications. Therefore, in a vision to introduce newer matrices with better performances and to further expand the applications of the PN resins into the nuclear field, the neutron shielding efficiency along with the thermal resistance performances of the neat PN polymer and its subsequent silane surface-modified B4C-reinforced composites were investigated. The neutron shielding measurements were performed using an optimized experimental setup at the NUR research reactor in Algiers. The neat PN polymer displayed better thermal neutron screening performances than the epoxy and benzoxazine, with a macroscopic cross-section (Σ) of a 1.936 cm−1, equivalent to a mean free path (λ) of 0.358 cm. The effect of the particle amount was also studied to maximize the shielding ability of the developed materials. For instance, the PN composite containing 20 wt. % of B4C displayed an outstanding screening ratio of about 99.8% for a sample thickness of 13 mm. Finally, the remarkable findings were put into context by providing multifaceted comparisons with the available shielding materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
核工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry C
·
2025
·
IF 5.1
Yuanhao Li,Yukun Wang,Zuhuan Lu,Zongming Yu,Tianyi Zhang,Wenhong Sun
Methylammonium lead iodide is widely used in the preparation of photodetectors because of its excellent photovoltaic properties. However, because of the nature of the perovskite polycrystals, the low-temperature solution treatment approach of creating perovskite thin films causes flaws to arise in the material. Undercoordinated lead ions (Pb2+) have been shown to have comparatively low formation energies among all defect species and to be a major contributor to defect creation. Here, we use a straightforward but efficient additive engineering strategy to introduce tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile as an additive into the perovskite precursor solution to passivate perovskite defects and improve the quality of perovskite thin films for the production of high-efficiency perovskite photodetectors. We demonstrated that –CN (cyano) and polyfluorine atoms in the structure of TFTPN may passivate defects caused by lead ions and prevent the releasing of organic cations (MA+), improving the stability of the perovskite structure and the quality of perovskite films. Consequently, we designed perovskite photodetectors with TFTPN that demonstrated exceptional performance in terms of photoresponse, detection and other areas. These devices had a maximum peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 91.73%, a lower dark current density of 8.86 × 10−11 A cm−2, a linear dynamic range (LDR) of 105.4 dB, and more. Furthermore, the perovskite photodetector's durability is enhanced by the addition of TFTPN, and after 20 days of storage in an air environment at 25 °C and 20–30% relative humidity, the device retains its original efficiency of 92.3%.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
光电技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMER
·
2024
·
IF 4.1
Caizhao Liu,Shuaijie Li,Zhigang Yuan,Shuangle Xue,Mingming Sun,Xugang Zhang,Jianhui Li,Gang Xue,Xuefeng Bai,Wenbin Liu,Bin Zhang
Phthalonitrile (PN) resins are highly valued in high-performance applications due to their exceptional thermal stability and mechanical properties. However, traditional PN monomers suffer from high melting points and slow curing rates, often requiring external curing accelerators that can compromise thermal performance. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of novel low-melting maleimide-containing PN monomers designed to enhance curing efficiency and thermal properties. Maleimide groups were introduced to improve self-catalytic properties, facilitating a more efficient curing process. The polymerization behavior, thermal stability, adhesive, and mechanical properties of these compounds were thoroughly investigated. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and rheological tests showed that incorporating alkyl groups significantly improved flow properties, facilitating easier processing. The difference in the three-dimensional network structures of the cured PN resins was confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) demonstrated outstanding thermal stability, with 5 % weight loss temperatures ranging from 387 °C to 418 °C under air and from 420 °C to 471 °C under nitrogen. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) confirmed high glass transition temperatures ( Tg ) exceeding 400 °C, indicating superior thermal performance and making these resins suitable for advanced applications in harsh environments. These findings suggest that low-melting maleimide-containing PN systems are promising candidates for high-performance materials in aerospace, electronics, and other demanding fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES
·
2018
·Vol. 29
·期 7
·1922-1929
·
IF 2.137
Yuanyuan Song,Lishuai Zong,Feng Bao,Guiyang Li,Zuoqiang Wu,Nan Li,Jinyan Wang,Xigao Jian
The effects of inorganic particles such as Al 2 O 3 and B 4 C on the solidification kinetics and heat resistance of phthalonitrile resin were investigated. The properties of the blends and the cured products were tested by rheometer, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The results revealed that B 4 C and Al 2 O 3 inorganic particles could prolong the gel time of phthalonitrile resin and broaden the processing window. The curing kinetic analysis showed that the presence of the particles could significantly reduce the curing activation energy of phthalonitrile resins by 72.38 kJ/mol down to 43.03 kJ/mol. Meanwhile, the heat resistance of the phthalonitrile resin was improved. Among them, the blend system combined with 30% B 4 C showed prominent thermoresistance. And while the T d5% weight loss temperature was 600°C, char yield at 1000°C was higher than 86% under nitrogen atmosphere; while the T d5% weight loss temperature was 581°C, char yield at 1000°C was higher than 80% under air atmosphere. Hence, the resulting resins were good candidate matrix of high-temperature structural composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
MACROMOLECULAR RESEARCH
·
2016
·Vol. 24
·期 5
·409-414
·
IF 1.357
Zheng Jian,Zhang Yan,Wang Ying,Gan Jianqun,Shen Lu,Luo FuBin,Liang Liyan,Wu Kun,Lu Mangeng
A lateral phthalonitrile functionalized main-chain polybenzoxazine precursor has been successfully synthesized. The structure was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The formation of benzoxazine rings were confirmed by the characteristic resonances observed at about 4.55 (C-CH 2 -N) and 5.30 ppm (N-CH 2 -O) and the absorbance at 950 cm -1 of benzene attached with an oxazine ring. The curing behavior was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in situ FTIR. The completion of polymerization was proved by the disappearance of the band located at 950 cm -1 in FTIR. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to investigate the thermal stability, and the results indicated that the thermal stability of the cured polymer gained significant improvement than that without phthalonitrile functionalization.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
高分子化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）