Small
·
2023
·Vol. 19
·期 12
·2205835
·
IF 13.3
Shanshan Sun,Minglin Zhao,Qingwei Wang,Shujie Xue,Qinghong Huang,Nengfei Yu,Yuping Wu
It is vital to create flexible batteries as power sources to suit the needs of flexible electronic devices because they are widely employed in wearable and portable electronics. The direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is a desirable alternative portable energy source since it is a clean, safe, and high energy density cell. The traditional DMFC in mechanical assembly and its unbending property, however, prevent it from being employed in flexible electrical devices. In this study, the flexible membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with superior electrical conductivity and nanoscale TiC-modified carbon cloth (TiC/CC) is used as supporting layer. Additionally, solid methanol fuels used in the manufacturing of flexible all-solid-state DMFC have the advantages of being tiny, light, and having high energy density. Furthermore, the DMFC's placement and bending angle have little effect on its performance, suggesting that DMFC is appropriate for flexible portable energy. The flexible all-solid-state DMFC's power density can reach 14.06 mW cm −2 , and after 50 bends at 60°, its voltage loss can be disregarded. The flexible all-solid DMFC has an energy density that is 777.78 Wh Kg −1 higher than flexible lithium-ion batteries, which is advantageous for the commercialization of flexible electronic products.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Polymers
·
2021
·Vol. 13
·期 4
·523
·
IF 4.329
Geng Cheng,Zhen Li,Shan Ren,Dongmei Han,Min Xiao,Shuanjin Wang,Yuezhong Meng
As a key component of direct methanol fuel cells, proton exchange membranes with suitable thickness and robust mechanical properties have attracted increasing attention. On the one hand, a thinner membrane gives a lower internal resistance, which contributes highly to the overall electrochemical performance of the cell, on the other hand, strong mechanical strength is required for the application of proton exchange membranes. In this work, a sulfonated poly (fluorenyl ether ketone) (SPFEK)-impregnated polyimide nanofiber mat composite membrane (PI@SPFEK) was fabricated. The new composite membrane with a thickness of about 55 μm exhibited a tensile strength of 35.1 MPa in a hydrated state, which is about 65.8% higher than that of the pristine SPFEK membrane. The antioxidant stability test in Fenton’s reagent shows that the reinforced membrane affords better oxidation stability than does the pristine SPFEK membrane. Furthermore, the morphology, proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and fuel cell performance were carefully evaluated and discussed.Keywords:electrospun mat;proton exchange membrane;direct methanol fuel cell;composite membrane
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
·
2020
·Vol. 49
·期 5
·1646-1651
·
IF 4.174
Yajing An,Hamza Ijaz,Ming Huang,Jianqiang Qu,Shi Hu
The use of fuel cells is one of the most promising renewable energy strategies, but they still suffer from many limitations. The high mass enthalpy of hydrogen as a fuel comes at the cost of inconveniences and risks associated with storage, transportation and utilization, while the high performance of Pt catalysts in commercial fuel cells is limited by their high cost, low earth abundance, and poor stability as a result of CO intermediate poisoning. To circumvent these dilemmas, direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) were developed, using methanol as a fuel and Ni as the anode catalyst. Thanks to the condensed form of the fuel, DMFCs are considered as the most promising fuel-cell solution for portable electronic devices. Usually, other elements have to be introduced into Ni-based catalysts to modify the active sites to provide better alternatives to pristine Ni metal in terms of activity and stability. In this study, we provide a mild synthetic method for the preparation of CuNi alloy nanoparticles. The proper alloying ratio leads to the suitable modification of the electronic structure of Ni, which promotes the MOR catalytic reaction on the NiCu alloy. The NiCu alloy catalyst exhibits a mass current density of 1028 mA mgmetal−1 for the MOR at 1.55 V (vs. RHE), which is among the best values obtained from similarly prepared Ni-based catalysts.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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催化
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可再生能源
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Nanoscale
·
2017
·Vol. 9
·期 17
·5467-5474
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IF 7.367
Yue Sun,Yunjie Zhou,Cheng Zhu,Lulu Hu,Mumei Han,Aoqi Wang,Hui Huang,Yang Liu,Zhenhui Kang
Highly efficient electrocatalysts remain huge challenges in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Here, a Pt–Co3O4–CDs/C composite was fabricated as an anode electrocatalyst with low Pt content (12 wt%) by using carbon dots (CDs) and Co3O4 nanoparticles as building blocks. The Pt–Co3O4–CDs/C composite catalyst shows a significantly enhanced electrocatalytic activity (1393.3 mA mg−1 Pt), durability (over 4000 s) and CO-poisoning tolerance. The superior catalytic activity should be attributed to the synergistic effect of CDs, Pt and Co3O4. Furthermore, the Pt–Co3O4–CDs/C catalyst was integrated into a single cell, which exhibits a maximum power density of 45.6 mW cm−2, 1.7 times the cell based on the commercial 20 wt% Pt/C catalyst.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
电化学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Journal of Physical Chemistry C
·
2014
·
IF 4.835
Ming Wen,Bo Zhou,Hao Fang,Qingsheng Wu,Shipei Chen
An approach has been explored to highly improve the catalytic activity and stability for methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) by using dominant α-(NiCu)3Pd phase-structural NiCuPd nanoparticles (NPs) as anode catalysts. The NiCuPd alloy NPs are monodispersed with the diameter of ∼10 nm and have been prepared by the reduction of Pd(acac)2, Ni(acac)2, and Cu(acac)2 following alloying growth process. In the Ni–Cu–Pd alloy system, Ni atoms fused in Cu3Pd phase to form α-(NiCu)3Pd phase together with NiCuPd solid solution phase. As Ni concentration gradually enriched, the crystallinity of α-(NiCu)3Pd became higher, while its percentage decreased by one degree. Owing to the synergistic effect between components and facet atom arrangement, the catalytic activity and stability of NiCuPd NPs can be adjusted toward the MOR in alkaline media. The maximized crystallinity of α-(NiCu)3Pd results in the largest catalytic activity. Compared with commercial Pd/C with (111) facets, α-(NiCu)3Pd phase with (117) facets afforded a more open-atom arrangement surface and exhibited the remarkable catalytic activity and stability. Containing maximized crystallinity of α-(NiCu)3Pd, Ni63Cu12Pd25 NP-modified electrode, afforded the highest catalytic activity (333 mA·mg–1) toward the MOR, which is about 2.5 times higher than that of the commercial Pd/C-modified one (145 mA·mg–1). Combining the advantages of high electrochemical activity, stability, and economical effectiveness, the novel phase of α-(NiCu)3Pd has great potential as an anode catalyst for methanol fuel cells.
研究领域:
材料科学
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化学工程
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能源技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2019
·Vol. 8
·期 1
·196-206
·
IF 10.733
Jialin Li,Fanzhe Bu,Chunyu Ru,Hao Jiang,Yuting Duan,Yinan Sun,Xingtong Pu,Lichao Shang,Xifang Li,Chengji Zhao
Conventional fillers have limitations on the modification of proton exchange membranes because of differences in the sizes and physicochemical properties of matrix molecules. Designing skeleton molecules is a vital way to address the limitations by enabling precise distribution in the matrix and inducing automatic nanoscale aggregation and separation of hydrophilic–hydrophobic phases. In this work, a novel SDF-PAEK polymer was synthesized with a rigid hydrophobic backbone, short high-density trifluoromethyl side chains and long flexible aliphatic pendant side chains as a skeleton molecule for the Nafion membrane. Due to the unique molecular interaction selectivity during the membrane formation process, SDF-PAEK automatically matches the Nafion molecular conformation by self-assembly. Combining an improved solution formulation and membrane-casting method, the degree of composition can therefore rise to 20%, which can effectively reduce the cost. Morphological studies show that there is a certain degree of bicontinuous phase microcrystalline domains, and the proton transport channels are highly concentrated. In contrast to the Nafion membrane, SDF-PAEK@Nafion-15% exhibits better performances with higher selectivity (9.73 × 104 S s cm−3) and single-cell maximum power density (PDmax–139 mW cm−2, at 80 °C), which demonstrates the feasibility of SDF-PAEK as a novel PEM skeleton molecule for fuel cell applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
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2019
·
IF 7.467
Xiaojing Zhi,Tian Gan,Nianjun Hou,Lijun Fan,Tongtong Yao,Jun Wang,Yicheng Zhao,Yongdan Li
Ni 1-x Zn x O-Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 1.9 is studied as an anode material for solid oxide fuel cells with hydrogen and methanol as fuels. After reduction, Zn is incorporated into the lattice of Ni when x is less than 0.5, while NiZn alloy accompanied with ZnO is formed when x reaches 0.8. The electrochemical oxidation process of H 2 on the anode is investigated with a symmetric cell under various H 2 partial pressures. The addition of Zn increases the electron cloud density of Ni and thus weakens the adsorbing strength of H on Ni, accelerating the surface diffusion of H species, which is the rate determining step when the content of Zn is lower than 0.5. ZnO in the reduced Ni 0·2 Zn 0·8 O- Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 1.9 anode facilitates H spillover, resulting in the variation of the rate determining step and the highest activity of the anode. The cell with Ni 0·2 Zn 0·8 O- Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 1.9 anode shows the highest performance with both H 2 and methanol fuels at 700 °C. ZnO also improves coking resistance of NiO-Ce 0.8 Sm 0.2 O 1.9 anode.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
·
2023
·
IF 7.2
Yuying Jiang,Xibin Zhou,Yifeng E,Pengyan Wei,Peng Chen,Li Li,Zhuozhe Li,Thomas F. Krenzel,Kun Qian
The design and synthesis of novel electrode catalysts is an applicable strategy to improve the performance of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The catalyst is composed of molybdenum disulfide as the shell and nickel silicide-doped sodalite (MoS 2 /NiSi@SOD) as the core. A series of characterization results indicate that NiSi is highly dispersed in the nanosized SOD cage on the surface of the SOD zeolite at the crystal faces of (011), (102), and (201). A thin conductive protective cover is formed by MoS 2 on the surface of the zeolite . By the cyclic voltammetry (CV), the catalyst performs a maximum current density of 46.9 mA cm −2 (1250.1 A g Ni −1 ) with 10 M methanol while no remarkable catalyst poisoning and catalyst deactivation are observed. It is revealed that MoS 2 /NiSi@SOD under high catalysis activity protects the Ni from the drain in the alkaline electrolyte , leading to a broad application prospect as a noble-metals-free DMFC catalyst.
研究领域:
材料科学
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电化学
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催化科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Dongxue Xie,Sujuan Hu,Daihui Teng,Jingwen Ma,Baoling Wang,Mingshan Zhu
Micro-direct methanol fuel cells (μ-DMFCs) show the promising feasibility in the various portable practical scenes, although the anode still remains the high cost and low anti-toxic ability of noble metal (viz. Pt). Using photo-responsive anodes to boost the performance of fuel cell activity and stability with the aid of light illumination has been as the new strategy and herein we construct core–shell structure of Si nanowires (NWs)@ZnO anode to investigate the performance of μ-DMFCs under light illumination. The short circuit current and open circuit voltage of Si NWs@ZnO heterojunction are 100.5 μA cm −2 and 0.7 V, respectively, which are 3.5 and 1.3 times higher than Si NWs under light illumination. The Si NWs@ZnO photoanode also kept 97.3 % of current density for the second reused. A record-high discharge voltage of 0.7 V and more than 12 h of discharge time were achieved in photo-assisted μ-DMFCs. Carefully designed core–shell structure and the matched energy levels between Si NWs and ZnO contribute to the significant improved performances, where they can attenuate the light reflexes of the polished silicon, strengthen photos absorption and boost the charge transfer kinetics. This study opens an appealing research direction based on photo-assisted non-noble semiconductor anode toward the high-performance μ-DMFCs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE ELECTROCHEMISTRY
·
2018
·Vol. 22
·期 11
·3475-3484
·
IF 2.509
Wang Hang,Li Xiaojie,feng Xi,Liu Ya,Kang Weimin,Xu Xianlin,Zhuang Xupin,Cheng Bowen
A novel approach is proposed to prepare a proton-conductive nanochannel membrane based on polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) porous membrane with modified SiO 2 nanospheres. The hydrophilic PVDF porous membrane with a 450-nm inner pore size was chosen as the supporting structure. Pristine SiO 2 with a uniform particle size of 95–110 nm was synthesized and functionalized with –NH 2 and –COOH, respectively. Through-plane channels of porous membrane and arranged functional nanoparticles in pores could contribute to constituting efficient proton transfer channels. The characteristics such as morphology, thermal stability, water uptake, dimensional swelling, proton conductivity and methanol permeability as proton exchange membranes, of the SiO 2 nanospheres, and the composite membrane were investigated. The formation of ionic channels in membrane enhanced the water uptakes and proton conduction abilities of the composite membranes. PVDF/Nafion/SiO 2 –NH 2 exhibited superior proton conductivities (0.21 S cm −1 ) over other samples due to several proton sites and the acid–base pairs formed between –NH 2 and –SO 3 H. Furthermore, all the composite membranes exhibited improved methanol resistance compared with Nafion. Therefore, such a design based on porous membrane provided feasibility for high-performance proton exchange membrane in fuel cell applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
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能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2024
·
IF 8.1
Dilihumaer Taxi,Shujuan Shao,Xieraili Maimaitiyiming,Amatjan Sawut,Mamutjan Tursun,Zaituniguli Kuerban,He Lin
Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), as an important reaction carried out on the cathode of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC), directly affects the performance of the cell. Previous experimental studies have shown that there are some interactions between the defect structure and N doping to promote the ORR performance of the catalysts. In this work, the binder was first utilized to reduce the lignin content in the cotton straw (CS) system, thereby increasing the defective structure of the carbon substrate. Here, we obtained 5C-NP-Fe catalysts by increasing the defectivity of the carbon substrate through binder. The coordination environment surrounding the Fe-N 4 sites is optimized by the synergistic action of the N and P atoms and the faulty structure, as shown by DFT theoretical calculations. In alkaline medium, half-wave potentials as high as 0.88 V in the three-electrode system and a peak power density of 10.8 mW cm −2 in a direct methanol fuel cell at 60℃. Compared to a 20 wt% commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.84 V, 7.5 mW cm −2 ), 5C-NP-Fe showed good ORR activity. The binder modification strategy provides a simple and green approach to the structural optimization of biomass-based catalysts.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
HIGH PERFORMANCE POLYMERS
·
2018
·
IF 1.047
Zhi Shao,Chengji Zhao
A series of side-chain-type sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone)s with high ion exchange capacity (IEC) values were prepared by polycondensation reaction of 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone with 2,2′-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) and bisphenol A, followed by post-grafting reaction using 1,4-butanesultone. For these obtained membranes, sulfoalkylamine functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (SAm-PEEK)-0.8 with the highest IEC of 3.42 mequiv. g−1 displayed the highest proton conductivity of 0.11 S cm−1 at 25°C and 0.167 S cm−1 at 60°C, respectively. The morphology of these membranes was investigated by transmission electron microscope analysis. The result showed that these membranes exhibited well-connected hydrophilic channels due to their high IEC values and densely populated flexible acid side chains. Owing to their low methanol permeability and high selectivity, SAm-PEEK-x membranes are promising candidates for direct methanol fuel cell applications.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）