Processes
·
2023
·Vol. 11
·期 5
·1403
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IF 3.5
Min Luo,Peng Bo,Yang Shao,Zhiming Liu,Diandou Xu,Lingling Ma
Murals are one of the important cultural heritages of mankind. The microbial control of murals is an important subject in mural painting conservation. In recent years, electron beam radiation sterilization has attracted more and more attention in the field of cultural relic protection. Murals are immovable cultural relics, so conventional electron beam irradiation equipment can not be used. However, the development of small mobile electron beam irradiation equipment shows the potential of radiation’s application in the sterilization protection of immovable cultural relics such as murals. A feasibility study of radiation sterilization in mural paintings is needed to investigate the effect of sterilization and the influence of sterilization dose on the stability of mural painting pigments and bonding materials. In this paper, the radiation effects of typical bacteria in tomb murals and mineral pigment powder in ancient Chinese paintings were studied in a laboratory. Firstly,aeromonas hydrophila(Aer.h) andpenicillium flavigenum(PNC) were selected as representative strains to determine the appropriate sterilization dose for murals. Then, the effects of radiation on seven kinds of ancient Chinese mineral pigments and white calcium carbonate in the ground layer were verified. The results are as follows: the radiation dose of 10 kGy can effectively remove the two typical strains. This sterilization dose will cause a color difference in calcium carbonate and lead white, while other color pigments are essentially stable. Based on the color difference and UV-vis intensities of the four white carbonate samples, the color change in two of them increased with increasing the dose up to 30 kGy, after which signs of saturation began to appear. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra showed that the chemical structure of the samples did not change after irradiation. The formation of free radicals in treated samples was confirmed using an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum test. According to all characterization results, the color difference between the four white carbonate samples may be due to the combination of unpaired electrons and defects in the process of electron beam irradiation to form color centers. After forming the color center, the light absorption of the four samples changed. This is a reversible change, but the samples will take a long time to return to their original state. This study focuses on the influence of electron beam radiation on pigment composition, which is a preliminary exploration of whether radiation sterilization can be applied to the protection of ancient Chinese mural paintings, and the experimental results can provide basic data for later application.Keywords:electron beam radiation;mural protection;radiation sterilization;mineral pigment;chromatic aberration
研究领域:
文化遗产保护
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辐射生物学
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材料科学
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DOI
高影响因子
ACS ES&T Water
·
2025
·
IF 4.3
Shizong Wang,Jianlong Wang
Herein a novel advanced wastewater treatment process based on electron beam radiation-induced polymerization was developed. During the radiation process of phenol-containing wastewater, polymerization products of high molecular weight (MW) were formed, and their distribution could be regulated by the absorbed doses. Chloride and sulfate ions decreased the proportion of ≥5000 Da products and increased the proportion of ≤100 Da. At acidic conditions, the MW distribution was dominated by ≤100 Da, 100–500 Da, and 500–5000 Da; at alkaline conditions, by ≤100 and 100–500 Da; and at neutral conditions, by ≤100 Da, 100–500 Da, 500–5000 Da, and ≥5000 Da. Gel permeation chromatography and Fourier-transform mass spectrometry confirmed the formation of hydrophobic polymers through phenol and its polymerization products, which were induced by HO•. The process was validated in actual coking and dyeing wastewater, where polymerization enhanced the removal efficiency of UF, NF, and RO. This electron beam radiation-induced polymerization could decrease the absorbed dose required for complete degradation of organic pollutants and reduce carbon dioxide emission compared to traditional advanced oxidation processes, offering a promising solution for the treatment of refractory industrial wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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污水处理
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
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2025
·
IF 5.4
Yuan Zhao,Tao Chen,Tian Liang,Ya-yang Tian,Lin-feng Chen,Bing Li,Jie Gao
The excessive discharge of Cr(VI) not only causes severe environmental pollution but also poses significant ecological risks. Thus, it is an urgent human demand and scientific challenge to use renewable biomass to prepare adsorbent in an eco-friendly and efficient way, effectively remove Cr(VI) pollutants, and achieve sustainable development. Herein, loofah, a cheap, strong toughness and 3D network structure, was selected as the substrate. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted onto the surface of loofah via electron beam radiation. Subsequently, two aminated loofah-based adsorbents, PLGD and PLGP, were synthesized through a ring-opening reaction with diethylenetriamine (DETA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI), respectively, followed by protonation. At 318.15 K, the maximum adsorption capacities of PLGD and PLGP for Cr(VI) were determined to be 162.04 and 94.12 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption behavior of Cr(VI) by PLGD and PLGP followed the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model. The pHpzc values of PLGD and PLGP were 6.5 and 9.7, respectively. The potential mechanisms for Cr(VI) removal included electrostatic interactions, ion exchange, surface functional group complexation and reduction. This study provided a strategic approach for utilizing agricultural and forestry waste to develop functional adsorbents for the efficient removal of Cr(VI), and further enhanced the application potential of low-toxicity and cost-effective biosorbents in the elimination of heavy metal pollutants.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RSC Advances
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 33
·20486-20497
·
IF 3.361
Zhiyan Liu,Rui Ma,Wenjie Du,Gang Yang,Tao Chen
Developing efficient and inexpensive CO2 capture technologies is a significant way to reduce carbon emissions. In this work, a novel chitosan/lithium sulfonate double network high strength hydrogel is synthesized by electron beam radiation. Due to the electron beam having a wide radiation area and certain penetrating power, the free radical polymerization can be initiated more uniformly and quickly in the hydrogel. The network structure of the hydrogel prepared by radiation-initiated polymerization is more uniform than that prepared by conventional chemical initiator-initiated polymerization. Meanwhile, the introduction of the second network to construct the double network structure does not reduce the surface area of the aerogel, which is different from the conventional method of grafting or impregnation modified porous materials. Moreover, the synthesized aerogels have good physical and chemical stability. The freeze-dried aerogels possess a porous structure and CO2 capture ability due to the CO2-philic double network structure. Because of the inexpensive raw material and convenient radiation process, this work can reduce the cost of CO2 adsorbents and has prospects of application in the field of CO2 solid adsorbents.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
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DOI
高影响因子
Sustainable Materials and Technologies
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2025
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IF 9.2
Chengcheng Liu,Kun Lv,Jiangtao Yu,Xueyan Que,Jialei Liu,Xingnan Ouyang,Moyan Li,Yaru Tian,Jian Song,Jinxing Wang,Jianming Li
A steadily increasing research interest has been devoted to carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as a highly promising visible-light-triggered material. However, the commonly used hydrothermal reaction method to produce CQDs is usually a lengthy and tedious process, which requires elevated temperatures. Herein, we report for the first time the rapid synthesis of highly conjugated CQDs using lignin as the precursor activated by high-energy electron-beam radiation from an electron accelerator at different doses (0–400 kGy). Lignin was used as the raw material for the generation of lignin fractions with different molecular weights by employing electron-beam radiation under ambient conditions within minutes, and the CQDs were directly obtained via centrifugation and dialysis. The CQDs obtained at an irradiation dose of 250 kGy have the highest fluorescence intensity. At a radiation dose of 250 kGy, the electron beam depolymerizes lignin into numerous small molecule fragments; these low-molecular-weight units can form a large number of highly conjugated carbon core structures (C=C), leading to a remarkable enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of CQDs. The synthesized CQDs have a positive effect on tomato photosynthesis at a concentration as low as 250 mg/L. This study establishes a new strategy for the large-scale synthesis of CQDs with higher fluorescence intensities, and the findings provide valuable ideas for future studies of electron-beam radiation-assisted synthesis of CQDs.
研究领域:
材料科学
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植物学
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环境科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS ES&T Engineering
·
2024
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IF 7.4
Shizong Wang,Jiazhuo Wang,Yu Tian,Tianjia Geng,Chuanhong Chen,Guoqing Tan,Jianlong Wang
Advanced treatment of industrial wastewater is a tough problem in the field of wastewater treatment, and the current advanced treatment processes have some drawbacks, so it is urgent to develop a novel advanced treatment process. In this study, ionizing radiation (electron beam) coupled to the reverse osmosis (IR&RO) process was first developed to treat the effluent of the biologically treated coking wastewater. The results showed that the pretreatment of the biologically treated coking wastewater by ionizing radiation at 2 kGy could simultaneously mitigate the roughness of the RO membrane and obtain a superior chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal effect, in which the maximum membrane flux was found, and the effluent COD of the RO process was 8 mg/L, which is much lower than that obtained by the pretreatment of Fenton and ozone oxidation. Although the addition of H2O2 could increase the treatment capacity of ionizing radiation, the ionizing radiation with H2O2 had no promotion on the performance of the RO process in terms of COD removal. Moreover, compared to sole ionizing radiation, the combination of ionizing radiation with H2O2 increased the roughness of the RO membrane. The results of excitation–emission matrix spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed that ionizing radiation could regulate the type of intermediate products of organic pollutants in the biologically treated coking wastewater, which further regulates the performance of the RO process. In summary, this study first proved that the IR&RO process can be used as an effective advanced treatment process for industrial wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
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污水处理
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DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
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2024
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IF 9.7
Shizong Wang,Jianlong Wang
Advanced treatment of industrial wastewater is a tough problem in the field of wastewater treatment . In this study, the electron beam radiation coupled to flocculation process was firstly developed and investigated for the advanced treatment of coking and dyeing wastewater. Three different coupled processes were studied, i.e. electron beam radiation followed by flocculation process (EBF), flocculation followed by electron beam radiation process (FEB), and simultaneous electron beam radiation and flocculation process (SEBF). It was found that different processes had various performances in the removal of targeted organic pollutants . For humic acid, FEB with poly aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) as flocculants showed the best synergistic effect at 10 kGy, in which the removal of humic acid was 95.2%, while SEBF exhibited the inhibition effect under all the conditions. For Rhodamine B, EBF with PAFC had the highest synergistic effect at 10 kGy, in which the removal of Rhodamine B was 87.4%. For phenol , SEBF with PAFC as flocculants showed the highest synergistic effect at 10 kGy, in which the phenol removal was 64.2%. The transformation of organic pollutants, such as the polymerization was the main reason for the synergistic effect of EBF, while the dissolved iron ions and the enhanced oxidation made major contribution to the synergistic effect of FEB, and the structural change of flocculants and the transformation of organic pollutants during the process of electron beam radiation was mainly responsible for the synergistic effect of SEBF. EBF showed better performance in COD removal for actual coking and dyeing wastewater than FEB, indicating that electron beam radiation could promote the flocculation effect. Considering the operation procedure and treatment cost comprehensively, EBF with PAFC is recommended for the advanced treatment of actual coking and dyeing wastewater. This study could provide a novel and effective method for the advanced treatment of industrial wastewater.
研究领域:
环境科学
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废水处理
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
·
2019
·Vol. 137
·期 13
·48516
·
IF 2.188
Xiao-Fang Song,Jiang-Tao Qin,Ting-Ting Li,Guo Liu,Xiang-Xiang Xia,Yue-Sheng Li,Yi Liu
Enriched selective adsorption-photocatalytic activity of Poly (vinyl alcohol)/Polyaniline/TiO 2 (PVA/PANI/TiO 2 , noted as PAT) recyclable hydrogel photocatalyst with 3D structures were prepared by self-assembling and electron beam radiation crosslingking method. TiO 2 nanoparticles were successfully introduced into the 3D matrix of the PVA/PANI hydrogel and manifested by FTIR, TG, XRD, XPS, and SEM-EDS. The microstructure of PAT was characterized further by SEM, TEM, and BET. The highly selective adsorption-photocatalytic activity of PAT was tested by the degradation of cationic or anionic dye and reduction of heavy metal ion in a closed and flow system under UV light irradiation. The results showed that PAT had a highest selective adsorption-photocatalytic performance at the appropriate content of PVA (10 wt %), TiO 2 (15 wt %) and suitable radiation dose (50 kGy), which could be attributed to the synergistic effect of excellent selective adsorption and effective photocatalytic degradation. The mechanism of selective adsorption-photocatalytic on PAT was revealed synchronously in this study. Particularly, the novel PAT photocatalyst with 3D network structure also affords ease of separation and recycling, which is beneficial to water purification in a flow system. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137 , 48516.
研究领域:
材料科学
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环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
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2025
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IF 13.2
Shizong Wang,Jun Hu,Jianlong Wang
This study investigates the treatment performance of saline wastewater using electron beam radiation (EB), comparing it with ozonation. The results indicate that chloride ions (Cl - ) inhibited the mineralization of all the organic pollutants, and the inhibition presented slightly enhancement with the increase of Cl - concentration. Within pH ranging from 3 to 9, Cl - had a minimal impact on the removal of organic pollutants. At pH 3.0 and pH 9.0, Cl - promoted the phenol mineralization when Cl - concentration was 1 and 5 g/L, while decreased the mineralization when Cl - was 10 g/L. Sulfate ions (SO 4 2- ) had no significant effect on removal and mineralization. Similarly, nitrate ions (NO 3 – ) had minor effect on the removal. At 1, 2 and 5 kGy, NO 3 – even enhanced the mineralization. In comparison, Cl - , SO 4 2- , and NO 3 – also had minor effect on the removal of organic pollutants by ozonation, but predominantly inhibited mineralization, except for benzoic acid, where Cl - promoted it. Mechanistic analysis suggests that inorganic ions influenced the types and utilization efficiencies of reactive species during EB, ultimately affecting pollutant degradation. While the effect of inorganic anions on ozonation was not only reflected in the reactive species, but also in the changes in solution ionic strength that further decrease the mineralization. Overall, EB radiation demonstrated superior COD removal and cost-effectiveness compared to ozonation, presenting a viable alternative for saline wastewater treatment.
研究领域:
环境科学
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废水处理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Saudi Chemical Society
·
2021
·
IF 3.932
Tao Chen,Yuan Zhao,Ya-nan Sang,Min Tang,Guo-wen Hu,Xiao-bing Han,Jie Gao,Rui Ma
Efficient adsorption and separation of organic dyes in the wastewater is highly desirable for environmental protection. A facile synthesis of magnetic bio-based chitosan (CS) microspheres grafted with sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPSS) via electron beam radiation is described. The obtained microspheres were characterized by FTIR, SEM, TG and VSM, which demonstrated millimetric magnetic CS-g-SPSS microspheres were obtained with enhanced thermal stability. Experimental parameters such as absorbed dosage, mass ratio, initial pH, initial concentration and contact time for the adsorption were thoroughly investigated. To investigate the adsorption rate and recyclability, evaluation of adsorption kinetic model and adsorption/desorption experiment were conducted.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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化学工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
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2024
·
IF 7.6
Xinyu Liu,Jianlong Wang
Ionizing radiation (mainly including gamma ray and electron beam) technology provides a more efficient and ecological option for dye-containing wastewater treatment, which is supported by its successful achievements in industrial-scale applications. However, the degradation pathway of triphenylmethane dyes by radiation technology is still unclear. In this study, crystal violet (CV) was selected as representative cationic triphenylmethane dye, the decolorization and degradation performance by electron beam radiation technology was systematically evaluated. The results showed that CV can be efficiently decolorized and mineralized by radiation, and its degradation kinetics followed the first-order kinetic model. The effect of inorganic anions and chelating agents commonly existed in dye-containing wastewater on CV decolorization and total organic carbon (TOC) removal was explored. Quenching experiments, density functional theory (DFT) calculation and high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis were employed to reveal CV decolorization and degradation mechanism and pathway, which mainly included N-demethylation, triphenylmethane chromophore cleavage, ring-opening of aromatic products and further oxidation to carboxylic acid, and mineralization to CO 2 and H 2 O. Additionally, electron beam radiation/PMS process was explored to decrease the absorbed dose required for decolorization and degradation, and the synergetic effect of radiation with PMS was elucidated. More importantly, the findings of this study would provide the support for treating actual dyeing wastewater by electron beam radiation technology.
研究领域:
环境科学
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化学工程
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辐射化学
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水处理
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废水管理
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）