Scientific Reports
·
2021
·Vol. 11
·期 1
·1-11
·
IF 4.38
Gao Yihan,Li Dian,Ru Jiexiong,Yang Muyun,Lu Lehua,Lu Li,Wu Jinlu,Huang Zhonghui,Xie Yan,Gao Naiping
A mathematical model based on heat and mass transfer processes in the porous wick of electronic cigarettes was established to describe the atomization of e-liquids according to max liquid temperature, vaporization rate and thermal efficiency in a single puff. Dominant capillary-evaporation effects were defined in the model to account for the effects of electrical power, e-liquid composition and porosity of the wick material on atomization and energy transmission processes. Liquid temperature, vaporization rate, and thermal efficiency were predicted using the mathematical model in 64 groups, varying with electrical power, e-liquid composition and wick porosity. Experimental studies were carried out using a scaled-model test bench to validate the model’s prediction. A higher PG/VG ratio in the e-liquid promoted energy transfer for vaporization, and the e-liquid temperature was comparatively reduced at a relatively high power, which was helpful to avoid atomizer overheating. Compared with the other factors, wick porosity affected the thermal efficiency more significantly. The vaporization rate increased with a higher wick porosity in a certain range. The modelling results suggested that a greater wick porosity and a higher PG ratio in e-liquids helped to improve the overall thermal efficiency.
研究领域:
热力学
·
传热学
·
流体力学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Analytical Methods
·
2024
·Vol. 16
·期 17
·2732-2739
·
IF 2.7
Shaoxin Ye,Zuoying Wen,Kai Xie,Xuejun Gu,Jian Wang,Xiaofeng Tang,Weijun Zhang
The growing popularity of e-cigarettes and the associated risks of nicotine addiction present a new challenge to global public health security. Measuring the nicotine levels in e-cigarette aerosols is essential to assess the safety of e-cigarettes. In this study, a rapid in situ method was developed for online quantification of nicotine in e-cigarette aerosols by using a homemade vacuum ultraviolet photoionization aerosol mass spectrometer (VUV-AMS). E-cigarette liquids with different nicotine concentrations were prepared to generate aerosols containing different levels of nicotine, which were employed as the calibration sources for nicotine quantification by VUV-AMS. The results showed that the mass concentration of nicotine in e-cigarette aerosols has a good linear relationship with its signal intensity in the mass spectrum, and the limits of detection and quantitation of nicotine by VUV-AMS were found to be 2.0 and 6.2 μg per puff respectively. Then the online method was utilized to measure five commercial e-cigarettes, and their nicotine yields were determined to be between 31 and 188 μg per puff with the nicotine fluxes from 7.7 to 70 μg s−1, agreeing with the results of the gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). This study demonstrated the feasibility and advantages of VUV-AMS for quick quantification of nicotine in e-cigarette aerosols within seconds.
研究领域:
公共卫生
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
·
2022
·
IF 3.318
Mantang Chen,Yaqiong Qin,Sheng Wang,Shaofeng Liu,Ge Zhao,Hongliang Lu,Huapeng Cui,Junlan Cai,Xiaoyu Wang,Quanping Yan,Chenfeng Hua,Fuwei Xie,Libin Wan
Heated tobacco products and electronic cigarettes are considered as alternatives to traditional tobacco cigarettes. However, it is crucial to monitor and compare the nicotine concentration in inhaled aerosols from these tobacco products, owing to the addictive nature and adverse effects of nicotine on human health. This study aimed to provide an electromembrane extraction (EME) combined liquid chromatography method to extract and determine nicotine in different inhaled aerosols. EME showed high extraction efficiency, selectivity, and sample clean-up capability. Under the optimal parameters, the linear range for nicotine was 0.1–200 mg L −1 (r 2 > 0.9998), and the limit of detection was 0.02 mg L −1 . Good precision was obtained with the intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations of 2.2 % and 2.8 %, respectively. Repeatability was satisfactory (<7.7 %), and recoveries ranged from 81.0 % to 112.8 %. Finally, this method has been successfully used for the determination and comparison of nicotine in aerosols from these three tobacco products.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
公共卫生
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
·
2024
·
IF 5.7
Zesen Zuo,Kai Liu,Chunqiong Wang,Shengbao He,Fei Yang,Fengqin Chang,Wen-Tong Chen,Guangzhi Hu
Background The heavy metal ion Cd 2+ is acutely toxic, and excessive concentrations can have adverse effects on human production and life, and even lead to significant public health risks and environmental impacts. There are several mature non-electrochemical methods for heavy metal detection, but these methods are characterized by high cost, which makes it difficult to be applied to the field for timely detection. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a new electrochemical sensor that is environmentally friendly and capable of detecting Cd 2+ in the environment quickly, easily and sensitively. Results In this study, hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reaction. The prepared materials consisted of only C, N and O and had a thin lamellar structure. The HOFs were integrated into a novel electrochemical sensor to achieve accurate detection of Cd 2+ ions in real aqueous environments by square wave anodic dissolution voltammetry. The sensor has a wide linear range and a detection limit as low as 0.13 μg/L. Several real water samples, such as tap water, lake water, and e-cigarette digest, were analyzed to simulate the working environment of the sensor, and the results showed that the recoveries of Cd 2+ ranged from 95.75 % to 101.2 %. Significance We pioneered the detection of heavy metal ions Cd 2+ in e-cigarette digestate samples with the innovative use of HOFs as the sensor material, which demonstrated the potential application in electrochemical sensing with extremely low background current value and high sensitivity, providing new ideas for environmental monitoring and public health control.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
分析化学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Analytical Methods
·
2019
·Vol. 12
·期 2
·193-199
·
IF 2.378
Yan-Jun Huang,Qi-Xin Deng,Hong-Qiao Lan,Zheng-Zhong Fang,Hui Chen,Yan Lin,Han-Chun Xu,Tony D. James,Wei Xie
Nicotine exists in e-liquids primarily as the monoprotonated form and free-base form, the former is absorbed by the smoker relatively slowly and the latter is considered the bioavailable form of nicotine. Nowadays e-liquid manufacturers tend to increase nicotine in smoke aerosols, up to a content comparable to conventional cigarettes. Organic acids are added to suppress nicotine in free-base from, because the quick absorption of free-base nicotine (FBN) by the upper respiratory tract produces more bitterness and harshness to smokers. Although several methods have been developed to access FBN in conventional cigarettes or electronic cigarettes, spectrometric methods have rarely been reported. A water-solubility indicator Alizarin Red S (ARS) was introduced for the measurement of free-base nicotine. Since ARS exhibits lower acidity than organic acids, it does not compete for the tertiary amine with organic acids, but can only interact with FBN. The ARS turns from pale yellow to pink once it has been deprotonated by nicotine, and the binding constant between ARS and nicotine was determined to be 1.08 × 106 M−1. A linear calibration curve A = 0.0056c + 0.3309 with r2 = 0.9984 as a function of FBN was constructed, and applied for the evaluation of FBN in prepared e-liquid samples, with RMSE 1.12 mg g−1 for the 20 mg g−1 liquids, and 1.37 mg g−1 for the 50 mg g−1 liquids. The evaluation of FBN in commercial e-liquids agreed well with published e-liquid values. It is believed that the convenient method herein developed will be useful for manufacturers to balance the strength and harshness levels of nicotine in e-liquids.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ANALYTICAL LETTERS
·
2024
·
IF 1.6
Xuerui Lou,Minglei Li,Weiwei Guo,Yingjie Fu,Hui Xi,Peng Li,Wuduo Zhao,Shihao Sun
Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) have become popular around the world. An important reason is the variety of available flavors. However, many countries have imposed restrictions on flavor substances in E-cigarettes due to their potential health risks. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective way to identify flavorings in E-cigarette liquids. In this work, direct analysis in real time-mass spectrometry (DART-MS) in the quick strip (QS) mode was developed and applied to determine flavorings in the E-cigarettes. Vanillin, ethyl vanillin, maltol, and ethyl maltol were quantified. Meanwhile, the ionization efficiency of flavorings in the different solvents was compared in the QS mode, which revealed that the solvent boiling point was related to the analyte ionization efficiency. The effect of endogenous matrix (propylene glycol and glycerol) on flavoring ionization was also investigated. Calibration curves with satisfactory linearity (R2 > 0.99) were established from 1 to 1000 μg L−1. Good sensitivity (limits of detection [LODs] < 0.3 μg L−1), recoveries (92.6% to 104.7%), and acceptable repeatability (relative standard deviations < 14.6%, n = 5) were obtained. The limits of quantification (LOQs; 10–50 μg g−1) for the E-cigarette liquid sample were much lower than the regulatory limits. The developed method provided a simple way for rapidly determining flavorings in E-cigarettes.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
公共卫生
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
·
2025
·
IF 5
Xuanrong Bao,Hanbing Hu,Yu Dun,Yuedong Tang,Fuli Liu,Jian Zhou,Weichun Mo,Jie Shen
Background E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated Lung Injury (EVALI) has become a public health concern since 2019, with vitamin E acetate (VEA) identified as a potential causative agent. While previous studies have used whole-body VEA aerosol exposure or intratracheal instillation models, these approaches may introduce confounding exposure routes or do not fully reflect real-world vaping conditions. To better understand VEA-induced EVALI, there remains a need for an animal model that isolates airway exposure and closely mimics human vaping behaviour. Methods We utilized a nose-only exposure system to develop a mouse model of EVALI, with VEA aerosol generated by a commercially available vaping device. Puffs were generated at a volume of 55 mL over 3 s, delivered every 30 s for 1 h per day, up to 6 consecutive days. Lung injury was assessed through histopathological analysis, and airway function was measured via invasive airway function test. Ultrastructural changes in mouse alveoli were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy. Alveolar macrophages were assessed for pro-inflammatory polarization and functional impairment. Potential pathogenic mechanisms were explored with RNA-seq analysis. Results Our findings revealed acute lung injuries, characterized by pulmonary edema and typical histopathological findings. Additionally, we observed changes in airway functions with altered respiratory patterns and decreased lung dynamic compliance. Transmission electron microscopy further revealed type II pneumocyte hypertrophy, type I pneumocyte swelling, and prolonged activation of alveolar macrophages with electron-dense phagocytic contents. We also demonstrated macrophage dysfunction with sustained pro-inflammatory polarization and impaired efferocytosis function. The persistent inflammation of the lung was also characterized by the increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, especially IL-6. RNA-seq analysis highlighted pathways related to T cell activation, cytokine signaling, and leukocyte migration. Conclusion This study established a mouse model using a nose-only VEA aerosol exposure system to examine the respiratory effects of VEA in EVALI. Our results revealed that VEA inhalation triggered acute lung injury, accompanied by early signs of airway dysfunction. The findings support the hypothesis that VEA drives EVALI pathogenesis through both direct cytotoxic effects and macrophage-mediated inflammation. Our findings offer new insights into the mechanisms of EVALI and present a valuable model for future research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-025-03343-1.
研究领域:
呼吸病学
·
毒理学
·
免疫学
·
分子生物学
·
转化医学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Analytical Methods
·
2018
·Vol. 10
·期 29
·3637-3644
·
IF 2.073
Juanjuan Xie,Bo Zhou,Tiandong Zhang,Xiaoying Zeng,Mochou Yang,Wanwan Wang,Jun Yang
A new method of molecularly imprinted polymer solid-phase extraction (MISPE) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of nicotine in the zero-level refill liquids of electronic cigarettes. The surface molecularly imprinted polymers (SMIP) were synthesized on the surface of vinyl-SiO2 nanospheres using nicotine as a template, methacrylic acid as a functional monomer, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as a cross-linker in toluene solution. The prepared SMIPs showed high adsorption capacity (247.0 μmol g−1), excellent imprinting factor (4.40), and high selectivity toward nicotine with selectivity coefficients higher than 2.9. Finally, the SMIPs were successfully utilized as solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbents for the extraction of nicotine in the zero-level refill liquids of electronic cigarettes (ECs). The newly established method showed good linearity in the range of 2.00–40.00 μg mL−1. The limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) was 0.50 μg mL−1, the limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) was 1.66 μg mL−1, and the average recoveries range from 76.2% to 83.9% with relative standard deviations lower than 6.4% (n = 6). These results indicated that a feasible and reliable method was developed for the determination of nicotine in zero-level refill liquids of electronic cigarettes, which could provide an alternative solution for the quality control of electronic cigarette products.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
材料科学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Nanomaterials
·
2024
·Vol. 14
·期 23
·1958
·
IF 4.4
Yan Mo,Xiaoping Zhang,Ke Zou,Wen Xing,Xiayang Hou,Yu Zeng,Yugang Cai,Ruixiang Xu,Hongwen Zhang,Weiping Cai
Etomidate (ET), a medical anesthetic, is increasingly being incorporated into e-liquids for consumption and abuse as a new psychoactive substance (NPS), leading to significant social issues. In this work, large-area Au micro- and nano-structured ordered arrays were engineered as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates for fast detection and precise identification of ET and its metabolites. This ordered array, characterized by abundant electromagnetic enhancement hotspots and structural uniformity, imparts unique properties to the SERS substrate, including ultra-sensitivity, spectral signal reproducibility, and precise quantitative capabilities. Furthermore, it effectively mitigates interference from the complex matrix of e-liquids, facilitating the rapid detection of trace amounts of ET molecules. This SERS rapid detection technology can act as a preliminary screening method for gold-standard spectroscopic analysis, facilitating the on-site rapid screening of suspicious samples and thereby enabling efficient detection and precise verification.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
医学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART A-MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY
·
2025
·
IF 4.6
Yaohong Gu,Qianqian Pang,Zhiting Deng,Zhichao Chen,Yaling Yang
Herein, a novel fluorometric approach is developed for the precise quantification of nicotine. This method utilized the derivatizing reaction between o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and reduced glutathione (GSH), and derivatized product with tricyclic conjugated structure generate fluorescent emission. And the derivative exhibits a quantum yield of 33.46 % and distinct fluorescence “turn-off” quenching behavior in the presence of Cu 2+ ions due to the GSH-Cu 2+ complex formation. More importantly, when nicotine is introduced reaction system, the fluorescence restored (“turn-on”) based on the nicotine-Cu 2+ complex formation. Therefore, a fluorimetric sensor for nicotine detection is developed with lower detection limit (LOD) of 0.21 μg/mL. The developed method was successfully utilized to analyze nicotine content in electronic cigarette and cigarette bag samples, yielding satisfactory recovery rates ranging from 85.2 % to 111.8 %. The obtained results demonstrated comparable accuracy and confirmed the method's reliability and practical applicability.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
生物传感
·
药物代谢
·
环境毒理学
·
分子诊断
·
转化医学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Drug Testing and Analysis
·
2022
·
IF 3.234
Te Xu,Zhen-Yu Niu,Jing Xu,Xin-Duo Li,Quan Luo,An Luo,Yi-Lan Huang,Xing-Tao Jiang,Ze-Hong Wu
Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has increased significantly over the past decade due to consumer perception that these products represent a less risky alternative to combustible cigarettes. E-liquids generally contain a simple mix of vegetable glycerin, propylene glycerol, nicotine, organic acids, and flavourings. Regulators require that harmful and potentially harmful constituents (HPHCs) that might cause harm to the consumer must be monitored in the aerosol generated by e-cigarettes and in cigarette smoke (CS). To quantify HPHCs in aerosols from commercial flavoured e-cigarettes in Chinese market, this study has systematically compared levels of HPHCs, including eight carbonyls, five volatile organic compounds, four tobacco-specific nitrosamines, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and seven heavy metals, in the aerosols of four market-leading flavoured e-cigarettes and mainstream CS, alongside in vitro cytotoxicity and mutagenicity assays. The vast majority of HPHCs were either undetected or significantly lower in the e-cigarette aerosols than in commercial CS or reference CS (3R4F). Where HPHCs were detected, there were small variations among the different flavoured e-cigarettes. In the neutral red uptake and Ames assays, aqueous extracts of the e-cigarette aerosols did not induce obvious cytotoxicity or mutagenicity, whereas CS aqueous extract showed dose-related cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. Collectively, these results indicate that use of e-cigarettes might potentially lead to a significant reduction in exposure to harmful substances, with fewer cytotoxic and mutagenic effects, as compared with conventional smoking. Further studies based on human puffing conditions and longer evaluation periods will be needed to substantiate this potential.
研究领域:
毒理学
·
公共卫生
·
烟草控制
·
化学分析
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
·
2022
·
IF 3.571
Xiaofang Li,Liqiang Liu,Lingling Guo,Liguang Xu,Hua Kuang,Chuanlai Xu
Nicotine (NCT) is commonly contained in e-cigarette oils, and long-term nicotine intake can exacerbate cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease , and lung cancer. Therefore, there is a need to develop a fast and sensitive method for detecting NCT in e-cigarette oils. We prepared anti-NCT monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), which belong to the IgG2 subclass. The optimum mAb had a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 6.81 ng/mL for NCT. We developed a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip (CG-ICS) to detect NCT content with a visual cut-off and limit of detection of 20 ng/mL and 0.40 ng/mL, respectively. The recovery rates of NCT from spiked samples ranged between 100.36% and 109.96% based on CG-ICS. These results were consistent with those obtained from high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). We confirmed the reliability of CG-ICS using NCT-positive samples. Therefore, CG-ICS represents an effective and rapid on-site screening tool for the detection of NCT in e-cigarette oils.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
毒理学
·
公共卫生
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）