Yiwei Li,Raymond Seekell,Sihui Zhan,Jie Cao,Jing Jing,Yi Li
In this article, positively charged GVs were electroformed in a binary system of quaternary ammonium salts and egg phosphatidylcholine (EggPC) under an alternative current (AC) electric field. The diameter and charge density of the GVs is controlled by doping suitable cationic quaternary ammonium molecules into the EggPC bilayer. By developing positively charged GVs, there will be expanded the applications for phospholipids vesicles, especially the investigation of charge-induced interactions between cationic lipid membranes and macromolecules, such as colloidal particles or proteins.
Trimethoxy(octadecyl)silane (TODS) was self-assembled on the surface of conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates, and a patterned substrate with distinct hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions was constructed via deep ultraviolet (UV) light (254 nm) etching. The effect of this patterned substrate on lipid vesicle (LV) formation was investigated by using electroformation. Experimental results demonstrated that fluorescence-labeled LVs exhibited bright and dark regions corresponding to the mask design. Specifically, the UV-etched areas were hydrophilic, showing a high fluorescence intensity and a dense population of LVs. In contrast, the unetched regions coated with TODS remained hydrophobic, exhibiting low fluorescence intensity and minimal or no vesicle formation. The presence of bright and dark regions on the substrate, along with the distribution and localization of LVs in these regions, was systematically analyzed. Additionally, the reasons for the varying degrees of vesicle formation within the same dark region were discussed. Through precise surface modification and controlled patterning, it is anticipated that localized formation and spatial regulation of LVs can be achieved.
This research aimed to elucidate the application and feasibility of the enhancement of liposome oxidative stability by the interaction of liposomes with soybean protein isolate hydrolysates (SPIHs) during liposome electroformation. It was observed that the degree of hydrolysis, percentage of low-molecular-weight distribution, and solubility of SPIHs after enzymatic hydrolysis increased with the extension of reaction time. The average fluorescence intensity (average gray level) was approximately 200 a.u. for each liposome, indicating a homogeneous distribution of SPIHs on the liposome surface. Moreover, it was found that the advanced structure of SPIHs incorporated with liposomes was altered appreciably. Both hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonds exhibited an important role in the interaction between SPIHs and liposomes. In addition, morphology observation indicated that the liposomes were spherical and exhibited a more compact structure after coating with SPIHs. Subsequent flow cytometry analysis showed that the diameter and number of vesicles would increase due to vesicles rupturing or reorganizing after phospholipid oxidation during the electroformation of liposomes to produce SPIHs-liposomes. While the phospholipid oxidation level of the original liposomes was 42.13%, the phospholipid oxidation level of SPIHs-liposomes did not exceed 25%, indicating that the optimal balance between electroformation parameters and phospholipid oxidation level was obtained. These results may provide novel insight into the implications of SPIHs-modified liposomes as functional additives.
Yucheng Wang,Hongsu Wang,Xiaochuan Chen,Yueyang Shang,Hexin Wang,Zeyang An,Jiawei Zheng,Shaoxi Wang
Triple cation halide perovskite (TCHP) memristor as an artificial synaptic device is quite important in the realization of strong artificial intelligence. Normally, electroforming is needed before the realization of synaptic functions through resistive switching . Here, the electroforming process is developed to achieve the self-learning of strong artificial intelligence. An ultra-thin isolating modified layer polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) was used to fabricate the FTO/TCHP/PMMA/Al memristor , while the mechanism of the self-learning process is also presented. In addition, a series of important synaptic functionalities including long-term potentiation, long-term depression and spike-rate-dependent plasticity are stimulated, which demonstrates the capacity of bio-synapse functions emulation of the device. The associative learning is also achieved with our artificial synapse. This work could be beneficial to the development of future neural morphological artificial intelligence with TCHP based synaptic device.
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