Energy Storage Materials
·
2025
·
IF 20.2
Haiwei Han,Feng Xiong,Mulin Qin,Yongkang Jin,Hsing Kai Chu,Shenghui Han,Kaihang Jia,Ali Usman,Song Gao,Ruiqin Zhong,Zhenghui Shen,Ruqiang Zou
The safety of high-energy density batteries remains a significant challenge due to the risk of thermal runaway, which can result in catastrophic damage. Phase change materials (PCMs) can absorb heat and regulate temperature through reversible phase transitions, effectively mitigating the risk of thermal runaway and offering a reliable solution for battery thermal management. However, achieving effective flame retardancy in PCMs, particularly under thermal runaway conditions, remains a challenge. In this work, we report a solid-solid PCM with high flame retardancy. Phosphorus-based flame retardant groups are grafted onto a polyurethane skeleton via a straightforward and cost-effective synthesis process, achieving an intrinsic flame retardancy (LOI = 30.2 %) and a high phase change enthalpy (78.7 J/g), along with good mechanical flexibility and strength (6 MPa) with only 5 wt.% flame retardant. These advanced properties enable the material to maintain the working temperature of 18,650 batteries below 55 °C during high current operation, reduce the peak runaway temperature by 405 °C during thermal runaway, and delay ignition by 59 s. These improvements significantly enhance the safety of batteries and protect people and property.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
·
2023
·
IF 9.4
Qun Liu,Qi Deng,Rui Zhao,Wen-Long Cheng,Yan-Dong Wang
The use of composite phase change materials (CPCM) for battery thermal management requires both great flexibility and excellent flame retardancy. In this study, a novel strategy of coating flame retardancy was adopted to prepare a highly flexible flame-retardant CPCM (FR-CPCM) by combining flexible flame-retardant coating (FRC) with flexible CPCM. Its thermophysical properties, flexibility, and flame retardancy were characterized and used for the thermal management of batteries . The results demonstrate that FRC significantly enhanced CPCM's flame retardance while preserving its thermophysical characteristics and flexibility. FRC has no impact on the thermal conductivity and flexibility of the CPCM and substantially improves the anti-leakage and high-temperature thermal load-bearing capabilities of FRCPCM. When the coating's flame retardant content reaches 36 %, FRCPCM achieves the best comprehensive flame-retardant performance, with an LOI value of 37.5 %, PHRR reduced by 79.2 %, and the whole heat release process is slowed down. Moreover, FRCPCM has an excellent heat dissipation capability for the battery under standard operating circumstances. And FRC-CPCM is effective in suppressing the heat transfer to the outside under the condition that the heating rod simulates the battery TR.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Yajie Wu,Laiquan Lv,Huaan Li,Lijia Wei,Fengyongkang Wu,Hao Zhou
Battery thermal management is critical for enhancing battery performance and safety, and phase change materials (PCMs) offer significant benefits by efficiently absorbing, storing, and releasing latent heat to regulate temperature. A multi-purpose composite phase change material (CPCM) developed for use in the thermal management of batteries is the primary focus of this research. The material's focus is on improving thermal conductivity, structural stability, flame retardancy, flexibility, and thermal energy storage. Paraffin serves as the foundation PCM, thermal conductivity is enhanced by expanded graphite and silicon carbide, and the flexible skeleton is made of Styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS). Flame retardants include zinc borate and ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The addition of nano-SiO 2 enhances the flame retardancy of CPCM even further. The findings demonstrate that silicon carbide is not very effective in increasing CPCM's thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity of CPCM is only enhanced by 0.413 W/(m·K) when the bulk content of silicon carbide is 7 %. The thermal conductivity of the CPCM was substantially enhanced by expanded graphite, on the other hand. A thermal conductivity increase of 17.87, 11.87, and 4.99 times occurs at 15 % expanded graphite, 10 % expanded graphite, and 5 % expanded graphite, respectively. In a favorable correlation with SEBS content, CPCM's flexibility is enhanced. Furthermore, CPCM's thermal stability can be further enhanced by combining SEBS with EG. APP and zinc borate give CPCM fire resistance. When the ratio of boric zinc acid to ammonium polyphosphate is 4:1, the results demonstrate that CPCM exhibits the best flame retardancy. Furthermore, CPCM's flame retardancy can be further enhanced with the addition of nano-SiO 2 . Even with just 2 % nano-SiO 2 added, the flame retardant amount of CPCM can be reduced by 9 % without compromising its effectiveness. Lastly, the thermal management system for the battery took advantage of CPCM. The experimental findings demonstrated that a 7 °C decrease in battery surface temperature was achieved by implementing CPCM. The surface temperature of the battery can be further lowered by 15 °C when CPCM is combined with liquid cooling plates.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
·
2024
·
IF 6.1
Yunjun Luo,Dequan Zhou,Wensheng Yang,Canbing Li,Hongjun Liu,Wei Qiang,Xiaoxia Yang,Gengfeng Zhao,Chunxue Bi,Tingyu Wang,Xiaoqing Yang,Xinxi Li
Thermal energy storage with phase change materials (PCMs) plays an important role in thermal utilization and energy management. However, the low thermal stability and easy flammable of CPCMs are great challenges for accelerating PCM-based battery thermal management system. Herein, an innovative high flame-retardant and form stable Polyethylene glycol (PEG)/ Expanded graphite (EG) and Diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and Melamine (MA) with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) (PMDM) has been successfully prepared and utilized in square battery module. The PMDM2containing DOPO and MA with the ratio of 1:2can maintain superior stable shape without leakage after heating 5 h at 80 °C. Besides, the total heat release (THR) and peak heat release rate (PHRR) of PMDM2 are decreased to 322.8 kW/m 2 and 94.3 MJ/m 2 , respectively. Comparing with the PM-Module and PEA-Module, at 2C discharge rate after ten cycles, the maximum temperature and temperature differences of the battery module with PMDM2can be maintained below 55 °C and 5.5 °C, respectively. This research reveals that flame retardant CPCM with polyurethane structured can improve the fireproof and anti-leakage properties, which will offer an effective thermal safety solution for energy storage and other fields. The battery module with this designed CPCM can provide an effective approach of passive heat management system with these notable performances.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
·
2024
·Vol. 149
·期 23
·14449-14461
·
IF 3
Ma Qianyu,Gao Wei
Phase change materials (PCMs) exhibit a promising application as a heat storage medium in battery thermal management. However, the flammability, low thermal conductivity, and leakage problems of organic PCMs constrain the development. In this study, a novel strategy based on inorganic hydrated salt with natural nonflammability was proposed. Sodium acetate trihydrate and disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate composite materials (SAT-DSP) were synthesized without affecting the properties. The prepared SD@SiO 2 with sodium silicate as the precursor, while SAT-DSP as the core material, possessed the dual heat storage performance of phase transition and thermochemical heat storage. The SiO 2 shell with a dense surface successfully realized the encapsulation of SAT-DSP, and the combined effect of heterogeneous nucleation and mesoporous confinement effectively inhibited the phase separation of phase change materials. The optimal ratio of SD@SiO 2 was determined through a comprehensive analysis of morphology, thermal stability, and thermal storage properties. The heat storage density was up to 509.18 J g −1 with a phase transition temperature of 78.78 °C. It improved the chemical instability and leakage of hydrated salts and centralized the dehydration process of SAT-DSP to achieve rapid response. Even after continuous heating on a 120 °C heating platform for 30 min, the surface temperature of SD@SiO 2 was maintained within a safe range (< 65 °C). This inorganic phase change material exhibited considerable potential for application in battery thermal runaway protection.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Materials Chemistry A
·
2020
·Vol. 8
·期 29
·14624-14633
·
IF 11.301
Changren Xiao,Guoqing Zhang,Zhenghui Li,Xiaoqing Yang
Despite being an advanced battery thermal management (BTM) strategy, the phase change material (PCM) cooling technology still suffers from the low thermal stability of the PCMs in practical applications, which leads to the leakage of the phase change ingredient, shape change or even collapse concerns under high temperature. Here we propose a creative idea for constructing a cross-linked polymeric structure with aliphatic side chains, namely, polymer PCM (PoPCM), through a facile one-step free-radical polymerization of octadecyl acrylate and crosslinkers. The aliphatic chains “tied up” on the cross-linked polymeric skeleton via “chemical bonding” and provided a high latent heat of 98.8 J g−1 without leakage, and therefore, delivered a stable solid–solid phase change behavior during long-term operation. The thermosetting 3-dimensional cross-linked structure simultaneously endowed the PoPCM with the anti-volume-expansion capability and excellent heat tolerance up to 250 °C without any deformation or leakage. When applied for BTM, the solid–solid PoPCM module demonstrated excellent and stable heat dissipation performance. The maximum temperature was 45.3 °C, and the temperature difference of the battery module could be controlled below 3.1 °C during the cyclic charge–discharge tests. Combining with the industrially available reagents and the simple preparation procedure at the kilogram level, we believe that this new strategy can present PCMs with superior feasibility for practical application in BTM.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
·
2023
·
IF 9.4
Zichen Wang,Changqing Du,Rui Qi,Yijin Wang
Phase change material has become a research hotspot in the field of passive thermal management for lithium-ion batteries due to its low price and high latent heat. However, the low thermal conductivity limits the thermal efficiency of thermal management system. In this paper, the graphite powders/paraffin binary composite with a superior ratio suitable for battery thermal management was prepared, and the ternary composite was obtained by introducing nickel foam. The temperature fields during melting were visually observed through thermal imaging, and the influence mechanism of graphite powders and nickel foam on the movement pattern of the phase transition interface was investigated through comparative experiments . The results showed that the addition of nickel foam significantly accelerated the pushing rate of the phase transition interface in the lower and middle regions. The temperature difference along the height direction of both paraffin and binary composite increased with the increase of distance from the heating surface, while that of ternary composite showed no significant correlation with the distance. At a distance of 75 mm from the heating surface, the maximum temperature difference along the height direction of the ternary composite was 47.58 % and 25.43 % lower than that of the paraffin and binary composite, respectively. This paper also discussed the recovery periods for the thermal storage capacity of phase change materials. The ternary composite was the fastest to recover its thermal storage capacity, with its recovery period being 22 % shorter than that of the other materials. It also exhibited the best temperature uniformity. Its maximum temperature difference was 28.77 % lower than that of the other materials.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
·
2024
·
IF 6.1
Wensheng Yang,Yaoxiang Du,Qing Deng,Shuyao Li,Canbing Li,Juxiong Tian,Peihui Chen,Tieqiang Fu,Yunjun Luo,Yanrui Zhang,Siwei Zhu,Xiaozhou Liu,Zhonghao Rao,Xinxi Li
Phase change materials (PCMs) with promising potential thermal energy is stored and released much thermal energy during phase change process, which has greatly prospect in building energy conservation, waste heat recovery, energy storage, electrical vehicles (EVs) and other fields. Nevertheless, the low thermal conductivity and easy leakage of PCM is still a challenge to restrict its fasting development. Traditional supporting material is hard to reconcile antileakage and thermal conductivity of composite PCM (CPCM). Herein, the polyethylene glycol (PEG) with three-dimensional Zn 2+ metal–organic gel (ZnHGL) as high-thermal conductivity support framework, styrene–butadiene–styrene block copolymer (SBS) and expanded graphite (EG) has been designed and prepared PZSE with high thermal conductivity, accompany with double transferring heat and supporting network structure. In contrast with pure PEG, the thermal conductivity of PZSE2 is increased by obvious 8.7 times when Zn 2+ metal–organic gel and SBS with the proportion of 1:1, the mass maintenance rate and latent heat storage capacity are increased to 99.5 % and 103.64 J/g, respectively. Further, the thermal imaging camera indicate that PZSE2 exhibit a stable temperature-regulation property, which is benefited to extend the time to adjust the temperature. Additionally, the maximum temperature and temperature differential of the battery module with PZSE2 can be maintained within 60 °C and 6 °C, respectively, even at 1.5C discharge rate after ten cycling process. It indicates that the battery module with PZSE2 has optimum thermal management effect. Therefore, PZSE with metal–organic gel and EG can provide a promising candidate utilization in thermal regulation of EVs and energy storage.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Cleaner Production
·
2022
·
IF 11.072
Jing Bai,Bo Zhang,Bolun Yang,Jianxuan Shang,Zhiqiang Wu
The development of phase change materials with a high latent heat of fusion and thermal conductivity is a key issue that needs to be addressed in power batteries thermal management system . In this study, an imidazolium ionic liquid ([C 16 MIM]Br) suitable for latent heat storage was synthesized by quaternization reaction. The composite phase change material of ionic liquid/graphene/carbon nanotube aerogel was prepared by hydrothermal self-assembly and vacuum impregnation method utilizing the unique π-π interaction between the delocalized electron of the heterocyclic cation of the ionic liquid and the sp 2 bonded carbon materials. The prepared ionic liquid-based phase change materials had high latent heat of phase change, excellent thermal stability, and enhanced thermal conductivity . The thermal conductivity of the composite material reached 0.751 W/(m·K) at a carbon nanotubes addition of 15 wt%, which was 232% higher than that of the pure ionic liquid (0.226 W/(m·K)). The enhancement was attributed to the three-dimensional network in the graphene/multi-walled carbon nanotubes aerogel which was beneficial to improve the dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the matrix and promote the uniform penetration of the ionic liquid phase change material. As a result, the designed structure provided effective ways for phonon transmitting and improved the thermal conductivity of the composites.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
·
2018
·
IF 6.377
Youfu Lv,Wenfu Situ,Xiaoqing Yang,Guoqing Zhang,Ziyuan Wang
As an advanced battery thermal management method, phase change material (PCM) cooling technology is highly desirable but remains significant challenges, considering the instability of the PCM module, including PCM leakage, volume changes and inhomogeneity of the whole module during the repeated melting/solidifying processes. Herein, we develop a kind of nanosilica (NS)-enhanced composite PCM (CPCM-NS) with outstanding anti-leakage and anti-volume-change performances for power battery thermal management. The NS presents numerous nanoscale pores ranging from 30 to 100 nm, which can adsorb liquid phase paraffin (PA) intensively, thus preventing the migration and leakage of liquid PA, increasing the homogeneity and reliving the volume change phenomenon of the module to a great extent. As a result, these enhanced properties of CPCM-NS endow the obtained battery module with much better cooling efficiency and durability. For instance, the maximum temperatures of CPCM-NS with 5.5 wt% of NS are 1.6, 2.4, 4.5, 5.3 and 5.9 °C lower than those of CPCM without NS at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th cycle charge/discharge cycle, respectively, and this temperature difference remains stable at 6.22 ± 0.05 °C during the subsequent cycles.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
Advanced Materials Interfaces
·
2021
·Vol. 8
·期 18
·2100807
·
IF 6.147
Xinlong Dong,Binghe Zheng,Guoqing Zhang,Changren Xiao,Xiaoqing Yang
Phase change material (PCM) shows great potentials in battery thermal management (BTM) application, but there are significant challenges including PCM leakage, low secondary heat dissipation capability, and poor reprocessability. Herein, a type of phase change polymer (PCP) with intrinsic antileakage, reprocessability and heat dissipation capability is prepared via the copolymerization of octadecyl acrylate (OA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA). The rigid segment of MMA guarantees the shape stability of the PCP while avoiding using the crosslinkers, and thus simultaneously endows the linear PCP with quasi-thermoplastic property for reprocessing. The chemical-bonded phase changeable side chains from the OA segments provide a large latent heat of 100.5 J g –1 and fundamentally overcome the leakage problem. Additionally, the obtained PCP demonstrates a higher crystalline temperature favorable for secondary dissipation of the absorbed heat to the environment. Consequently, the obtained PCP demonstrates superior cooling performances in BTM applications. The temperature of the battery module with PCP cooling can be stably controlled below 52.5 °C under a harsh working environment of 3C-3C charge–discharge at 35 °C for 15 cycles. In contrast, the battery module adopting classical physically blended PCM cooling shows a much higher and gradually increasing maximum temperature during the cycles.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Energy Storage
·
2023
·
IF 9.4
Wensheng Yang,Ruheng Lin,Xinxi Li,Canbing Li,Yuhang Wu,Guoqing Zhang,Xiaozhou Liu,Songbo Li,Yongzhen Wang
The thermal safety of battery module is demonstrated as the main bottleneck to hinder wider adoption of electric vehicles (EVs). It is vital to explore efficient thermal management system to satisfy the rapidly increasing need for EVs. Composite change materials (CPCMs) as passive cooling system has greatly potential application in battery packs. However, the inherent leakage and low thermal conductivity are restricted its widely utilized in practical applications. In this study, the high thermal conductivity CPCM with PEG/EG/HNT@AP has successfully prepared through a synergistic method of in situ chemical reduction and physical blending technology. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the phase change matrix and halloysite nanotube (HNT) as the support material can provide cross-linked network to prevent its leakage. Especially, the expanded graphite (EG) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) assembled into HNT (HNT@AP) play a synergistic role to construct an interconnected thermal network. The results indicates that the thermal conductivity is increased to 1.15 W·m −1 ·K −1 and the latent heat of phase change can maintain to 103.65 J·g −1 , when the content of HNT@AP is 40 %. In addition, the battery module with PEG/EG/HNT@AP and PEG/EG/ER are designed and measured during charge and discharge cycling process, respectively. It reveals that battery module with PEG/EG/HNT@AP can exhibit excellent thermal management effect, which temperature was controlled below 60 °C at 3C discharge rate even under 35 °C ambient temperature. Therefore, this work sheds light on rational design of high thermal conductive composite material to improve thermal safety of battery pack in the EVs.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）