Reverse osmosis membrane containing hydrazine as architecture unit
Novel reverse osmosis (RO) membranes with a hydrazine-based polyamide barrier layer were fabricated by interfacial polymerization (IP) on an electrospun PAN substrate. The membranes were made with a non-aromatic monomer hydrazine and trimesoyl chloride (TMC), which substantially increased the permeability and separation ability for desalination performances. The chemical structure, composition, and top/cross-sectional morphologies of the hydrazine-based RO membranes were investigated and compared with the conventional aromatic RO membranes. The kinetics of the IP process was analyzed to further comprehend the formation of hydrazine-based polyamide barrier, while the surface charge nature and the free volume radius and distribution of the resultant polyamide barrier were measured by ζ-potential and positron annihilation (PALS), respectively. The barrier layer crosslinking degree, free volume distribution, free volume radius distribution, and radial distribution function (RDF) of the hydrazine, as well as other aliphatic amine monomers (i.e., 1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, and 1,6-hexanediamine)-based polyamides were analyzed by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, to explore the unique molecular structure of the hydrazine-based polyamide different from others and to propose an innovative desalination mechanism. The desalination performances of the hydrazine-based RO membrane against NaCl, BSA/NaCl, and boron, respectively, were demonstrated and compared with the that of a conventional and a commercial RO membrane in brackish water treatment, where 2-times higher permeation flux and higher rejection ratio of 98.7 % than that of the conventional and commercial membranes against NaCl were achieved, indicating that the non-aromatic hydrazine monomer opens a new pathway to breakthrough via the trade-off between the permeation flux and rejection ratio.
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