Influenza (flu) is a highly prevalent respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses, representing a significant global health burden due to its substantial morbidity and mortality rate. Vaccination remains the most effective strategy for influenza prevention, and well-characterized animal models of influenza infection serve as essential tools for evaluating vaccine protective efficacy. However, animal models utilizing live influenza virus strains pose significant biosafety concerns, and many such strains are not readily available for research. To address these challenges, we established a novel visual mouse infection model using an HIV-based vector system. This model employs influenza pseudoviruses carrying a luciferase reporter gene, enabling real-time monitoring of viral load and in vivo tracking of viral distribution during infection. Using this infection model, we assessed the in vivo protective efficacy of an influenza vaccine and cross-validated the pseudovirus-based evaluation results against a live virus-infected mouse model. Our study thus establishes a safer and more convenient platform for evaluating influenza vaccine efficacy, including the assessment of broad-spectrum neutralization capacity.
Ji Jingjing,Li Jiahao,Wu Minghui,Wang Bin,Lu Yu-nan,Zhang Chuhan,Shan Yanke,Liu Fei
A multiplex colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (mCGIA) was developed for the simultaneous detection of feline calicivirus (FCV), feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), and feline herpesvirus (FHV) antibodies in feline serum. The expressed and purified recombinant FCV-VP1, FPV-VP2, and FHV-gD proteins exhibited strong antigenic reactivity. The mCGIA test strip achieved rapid (< 15 min) and specific detection, showing no cross-reactivity with other feline viral antibodies. The assay achieved a low visual limit of detection (vLOD) of 1:1 × 10 5 for FCV and 1:1 × 10 4 for FPV and FHV antibodies. Stability testing revealed 90% retention of detection capability after 4 weeks of storage at 37 °C. Reproducibility was robust, with intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) of less than 7% and 13%, respectively. The smartphone-based portable reader enabled quantitative detection with wide linear ranges (from 1:1000 to 1:100000 for FCV, 1:250 to 1:10000 for FPV and FHV) and excellent linearity (FCV: R 2 = 0.992, FPV and FHV: R 2 = 0.991). Compared with indirect ELISA using 164 clinical serum samples, the assay showed 98.17% (FCV), 98.78% (FPV), and 97.56% (FHV) concordance rates, respectively. This novel mCGIA platform provides a rapid, cost-effective tool for sero-surveillance, vaccine evaluation, and assisting clinical diagnosis, enhancing feline health management. Graphical
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