Animal
·
2017
·Vol. 12
·期 3
·491-500
·
IF 1.921
Q. Liu,C. Wang,G. Guo,W. J. Huo,Y. L. Zhang,C. X. Pei,S. L. Zhang,H. Wang
Isovalerate supplements could stimulate rumen development by improving morphology and function of rumen mucosa, and then promote the growth of calves. This study was done to evaluate the effects of isovalerate supplements on morphology and functional gene expression of rumen mucosa in dairy calves. In total, 48 Chinese Holstein male calves with 15 days of age and 45.1±0.36 kg of BW were randomly assigned to four groups. The treatments were: control, low-isovalerate, moderate-isovalerate and high-isovalerate with 0, 3, 6 and 9 g isovalerate per calf per day, respectively. Supplementary isovalerate was hand-mixed into milk in pre-weaning calves and into concentrate portion in post-weaning calves. The study consisted of a 15-day-adaptation period and a 60-day-sampling period. Calves were weaned at 60 days of age. Three calves were slaughtered from each of the four treatments at 30, 60 and 90 days of age. The weight of body and stomach were measured, samples of ruminal tissues and blood were analyzed. Total stomach weight, total stomach to BW ratio, rumen wall and keratinized layer thickness, serum growth hormone and IGF-1 for both pre- and post-weaning calves increased linearly with increasing isovalerate supplements. Rumen to total stomach weight ratio, the length and width of rumen papillae, and serum β-hydroxybutyrate increased linearly for post-weaning calves. However, abomasum weight to total stomach weight ratio decreased linearly for both pre- and post-weaning calves. The relative messenger RNA expression for growth hormone receptor, IGF-1 receptor and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 in rumen mucosa increased linearly for post-weaning calves. Our results suggested that isovalerate supplements promoted rumen development in a dose-dependent manner. The optimum dose was 6.0 g isovalerate per calf per day.
研究领域:
动物科学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
GENOME BIOLOGY
·
2024
·Vol. 25
·期 1
·1-26
·
IF 10.1
Sun Daming,Bian Gaorui,Zhang Kai,Liu Ning,Yin Yuyang,Hou Yuanlong,Xie Fei,Zhu Weiyun,Mao Shengyong,Liu Junhua
Background The function of diverse ruminal microbes is tightly linked to rumen development and host physiology. The system of ruminal microbes is an excellent model to clarify the fundamental ecological relationships among complex nutrient–microbiome–host interactions. Here, neonatal lambs are introduced to different dietary regimes to investigate the influences of early-life crosstalk between nutrients and microbiome on rumen development. Results We find starchy corn-soybean starter-fed lambs exhibit the thickest ruminal epithelia and fiber-rich alfalfa hay-fed lambs have the thickest rumen muscle. Metabolome and metagenome data reveal that indole-3-carboxaldehyde (3-IAld) and prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) are the top characteristic ruminal metabolites associated with ruminal epithelial and muscular development, which depend on the enhanced ruminal microbial synthesis potential of 3-IAld and PGD2. Moreover, microbial culture experiment first demonstrates that Bifidobacterium pseudolongum is able to convert tryptophan into 3-IAld and Candida albicans is a key producer for PGD2. Transcriptome sequencing of the ruminal epithelia and smooth muscle shows that ruminal epithelial and muscular development is accompanied by Wnt and Ca 2+ signaling pathway activation. Primary cell cultures further confirm that 3-IAld promotes ruminal epithelial cell proliferation depending on AhR-wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and PGD2 accelerates ruminal smooth muscle cell proliferation via Ca 2+ signaling pathway. Furthermore, we find that 3-IAld and PGD2 infusion promote ruminal epithelial and musculature development in lambs. Conclusions This study demonstrates that early-life ruminal microbiome-derived 3-IAld and PGD2 are effective promoters of rumen development, which enhances our understanding of nutrient–microbiome–host interactions in early life.
研究领域:
动物科学
·
微生物学
·
分子生物学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
·
2016
·
IF 1.713
Q. Liu,C. Wang,Y.L Zhang,C.X. Pei,S.L Zhang,H.Q. Li,G. Guo,Y.J. Huo,W.Z. Yang,H. Wang
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of 2-methylbutyrate supplementation on growth performance and rumen development in pre- and post-weaned dairy calves. Fifty-six Chinese Holstein male calves with 15 days of age and 46.5 ± 0.37 kg of body weight (BW) were randomly assigned to one of four groups. The treatments were: control, low-2-methylbutyrate (LMB), moderate-2-methylbutyrate (MMB) and high-2-methylbutyrate (HMB) with 0, 3, 6 and 9 g 2-methylbutyrate per calf per day, respectively. Supplemental 2-methylbutyrate was hand- mixed into milk in pre-weaned calves and the concentrate portion of post-weaned calves. The study lasted 75 days, including a 15-day adaptation period and followed by a 60-day sampling period. Calves were weaned at 60 days of age. Six calves were chosen from each treatment at random and slaughtered at 30 and 90 days of age. Body weight, dry matter (DM) intake and stomach weight were measured, samples of ruminal tissues and blood were determined. DM intake increased linearly (P < 0.03) for post-weaned calves and overall DM intake with increasing 2-methylbutyrate supplementation and was higher for MMB and HMB than for LMB and control (P < 0.05). Average daily gain (ADG) increased linearly (P < 0.05) for pre-weaned calves, post-weaned calves and overall ADG with increasing 2-methylbutyrate supplementation, and was higher for MMB and HMB than for LMB and control (P < 0.05). Total stomach weight for pre- and post-weaned calves increased linearly (P < 0.05) and was higher for MMB and HMB than for LMB and control (P < 0.05). The ratio of rumen weight to total stomach weight tended to increase linearly (P = 0.055) for pre-weaned calves and increased linearly (P = 0.019) for post-weaned calves, whereas the ratio of abomasum weight to total stomach weight decreased linearly (P < 0.05) for pre-weaned calves and post-weaned calves with increasing 2-methylbutyrate supplementation. The ratio of total stomach weight to body weight for pre-weaned calves and post-weaned calves increased linearly (P < 0.05) and was higher for MMB and HMB than for LMB and control (P < 0.05). Both the length and width of rumen papillae, and the relative expression of mRNA for growth hormone receptor (GHR) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1) in rumen mucosa tended to increase linearly for pre-weaned calves, but increased linearly (P < 0.05) for post-weaned calves and was higher for MMB and HMB than for LMB and control (P < 0.05). Blood concentrations of BHBA increased linearly (P < 0.05) for post-weaned calves with increasing 2-methylbutyrate supplementation and was higher for MMB and HMB than for LMB and control (P < 0.05). Blood concentrations of GH and IGF-1 increased linearly (P < 0.05) for pre- and post-weaned calves with increasing 2-methylbutyrate supplementation and was higher for MMB and HMB than for LMB and control (P < 0.05). The present results indicated that 2-methylbutyrate accelerated growth of calves by improving rumen development and its ketogenesis. The 2-methylbutyrate stimulates the growth performance and rumen development of dairy calves in a dose-dependent manner. In the experimental conditions of this trial, the optimum 2-methylbutyrate dose was about 6.0 g 2-methylbutyrate per calf per day.
研究领域:
动物科学
·
营养学
·
反刍动物生理学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）