ELECTROCHEMISTRY
·
2024
·Vol. 92
·期 4
·043015-043015
·
IF 2.7
Yuxiang ZHONG,Yuanjia MA,Yangzhou HE,Xiao YANG
The authors focus on the development of a molten salt processing technology for extracting white phosphorus (P4) from sewage sludge ash, which is recognized as a potential secondary P source due to its composition of various metal phosphates. This work offers insights into the interaction between solid AlPO4 and molten CaCl2. The results show that solid AlPO4 exhibits favorable solubility in molten CaCl2, although at a slower rate compared to solid Ca3(PO4)2 due to the presence of stable Al–O bonds. The study also demonstrates the feasibility of extracting high-purity P4 from the molten mixture through electrolysis. The purity of the obtained electrolyzed P4 from AlPO4 is comparable to the commercially available high-purity-grade product. These findings underscore the potential of sewage sludge ash containing AlPO4 as a viable source for extracting high-purity P4. This research contributes to the advancement of sustainable P utilization technologies from secondary sources.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
FUEL
·
2021
·
IF 6.609
Hua Tang,Hongyun Hu,Aijun Li,Baojun Yi,Xian Li,Dingding Yao,Hong Yao,Haoran Yuan
Thermo-chemical recycling of waste tire to generate pyrolytic char as alternative carbon black is a promising route for waste disposal and environmental sustainability. However, impurities in waste tire (like Zn, Si, Ca and S) are probably enriched in the pyrolytic char, and removal of those impurities is of great importance for char recycling. To avoid generating large amount of waste acids and polluted gases in the traditional impurities removing process, molten salt (Na 2 CO 3 -NaOH) thermal treatment was creatively proposed in the current work. The influence of operational temperatures (in the range of 350 to 450 °C) was investigated in relation to the efficiency of impurity removal. Results show that the removal efficiency of impurity components was firstly increased but then weakened by increasing treating temperature from 350 to 450 °C, while the highest removal rate was obtained at 400 °C. Generally, the current system could effectively remove more than 80% of ash and 70% of sulfur at 400 °C, with the recovery rate of char between 71% and 83%. Specifically, calcium carbonate/sulfate was removed from the char due to its good solubility in the molten salts. In addition, molten salts showed good activity to convert char contained inorganic sulfides and ·SH radicals into salts-soluble Na 2 S. Similarly, silicon and zinc were tended to be transformed into soluble silicate and zincate, which had higher solubility in the used molten salt. In addition, the agglomerated char particles were separated into smaller and more uniform size during molten salt thermal treatment.
研究领域:
环境科学
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材料科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
·
2024
·
IF 5.6
Niuniu Ma,Peisheng Li,Shuguang Yang,Mingyue Jiang,Xiaochun Zhang
Wood is recognized as a promising raw material for house furnishings due to its good mechanical properties, relatively low density and weight and biodegradability. However, the natural color difference of wood veneer always induces value degradation. Therefore, accurate color regulation plays a pivotal role in producing high-value wood-based composites. In this study, a Quercus robur wood exhibiting a pronounced color variation was treated by an alkaline hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) homogenization process to regulate the content of phenolic extractives, and ferric chloride (FeCl 3 )-induced color modification to optimize the color. In order to minimize the chromatic disparity of the veneer, it simultaneously restores its initial hue and thus enhances its value. The color difference values of natural untreated Quercus robur veneer and homogenized toned veneer were assessed by using color testing based on the CIEL*a*b* 1976 system. The results demonstrated that the levels of lignin, hemicelluloses , and extractives in the toned veneers subjected to homogenization pretreatment exhibited varying degrees of reduction, along with a decrease in their affinity for iron ions . By assessing the colorfastness of homogenized, toned veneer through testing, the water and light resistance of the homogenized pretreated veneer is significantly superior to that of Quercus robur treated exclusively with iron salts. A higher level of color uniformity in the homogenized pretreated toned veneers, with the toned veneers treated with 0.16 mol/L iron salt exhibiting the closest resemblance to natural Quercus robur wood. This study not only reveals a novel methodology for chemically modifying the hue of wooden surfaces to achieve natural color uniformity but also presents a sustainable and facile approach to promote the high value-added utilization of wood.
研究领域:
林产化学
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木材科学
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产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
APPLIED CLAY SCIENCE
·
2020
·
IF 4.605
Qiuzhi He,Runliang Zhu,Qingze Chen,Yanping Zhu,Yixuan Yang,Jing Du,Jianxi Zhu,Hongping He
Layer charge is a critical factor determining the structural characteristics and physicochemical properties of clay minerals, and fixing small cations (e.g., Li + ) into the tetrahedral/octahedral sheets of clay minerals is a feasible way for reducing their layer charges. However, conventional methods for preparing reduced-charge clay minerals are usually quite complex and time-consuming. Herein, a facile one-pot treatment method for preparing reduced-charge clay minerals was successfully developed using molten salts . In particular, montmorillonite (Mt) was mixed with mono LiNO 3 or LiNO 3 -NaNO 3 mixture, which was then heated above the melting points of salts. The obtained results showed that the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of Mt decreased evidently after being treated with molten LiNO 3 , and the CEC value was reversely related to the heating time. The X-ray diffraction results demonstrated that Mt layers collapsed upon treatment with molten LiNO 3 . On the other hand, the partial replacement of LiNO 3 by NaNO 3 could restrict the collapse of Mt layers, as the larger ionic radius of Na + (than Li + ) helped in maintaining the interlayer spaces of Mt during the process of charge reduction. As indicated by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the structural OH stretching vibration shifted to a higher wavenumber (from 3623 to 3632 cm −1 ) after the molten LiNO 3 treatment, which suggested that some Li + ions migrated into the hexagonal cavities in the tetrahedral sheets of Mt, and the new band at 3670 cm −1 indicated that some Li + ions even further migrated into the octahedral vacancies of Mt. The locations of fixed Li + ions were further confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization. Due to the migration of Li + ions into the layers of Mt, the Li1s peak shifted to lower binding energy. The above results showed that the molten salt treatment might be a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach for synthesizing reduced-charge clay minerals, and using mixed molten salts can help in maintaining the interlayer structure.
研究领域:
矿物学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
·
2022
·
IF 10.383
Qingjie Wang,Linxiao Wu,Zhuang Zhang,Jinshui Cheng,Rong Chen,Yang Liu,Jingshan Luo
Slow water oxidation kinetics and poor charge transport restrict the development of efficient BiVO4 photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Oxygen vacancy as an effective strategy can significantly enhance charge transport and improve conductivity in semiconductor photoanodes. Herein, we obtained BiVO4 photoanodes with appropriate oxygen vacancy by treating them with hypophosphite, which significantly improved the PEC performance. The synthesized photoanode exhibits a remarkable photocurrent density of 3.37 mA/cm2 at 1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode with excellent stability. Interestingly, the performance improvement mainly originates from the oxygen vacancy rather than P doping. Our study provides insights in understanding the role of oxygen vacancy in PEC water splitting and strategies for designing more efficient photoelectrodes.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
·
2021
·
IF 9.642
Jingyang Luo,Wei Du,Siqin Chu,Yulu Xu,Qin Zhang,Le Zhang,Xiaoshi Cheng,Wenxuan Huang,Jiashun Cao,Yinglong Su
The occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in waste activated sludge (WAS) fermentation was investigated with persulfate (PS)-based treatment. ARGs affiliated with multidrug ( mex P), macrolide ( bla OXA-129 ), tetracycline ( tet B), sulfonamide ( sul 1), and vancomycin ( van RG) types were significantly decreased by PS/Fe treatment. Mechanistic investigations revealed that PS/Fe possessed oxidating potential and exhibited devastating effects on WAS fermentation. First, PS/Fe promoted cell structure damage, which facilitated ARGs release from potential hosts. A co-occurrence network analysis indicated that Fe/PS suppressed the proliferation of potential host bacteria. In addition, the PS/Fe treatment induced the decreased abundance of certain functional genes involved in pathways associated with ARGs dissemination. Finally, variation partitioning analysis demonstrated that the microbial community structure exhibited more vital effects on ARGs fates than physicochemical factors ( i.e., pH and ORP) and gene expression ( i.e., two-component system). This work provided a deeper understanding of the critical factors used to determine ARGs fates during WAS fermentation.
研究领域:
环境工程
·
微生物学
·
污水处理
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产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Energy Technology
·
2019
·Vol. 8
·期 3
·1901003
·
IF 3.163
Li Wang,Danni Shao,Jianyu Guo,Siyong Zhang,Yan Lu
Herein, a new electrode material HHK-CC@Ti 3 C 2 T X (HHK-CC = activated carbon cloth, T X = F, O, or OH) for a flexible solid-state supercapacitor (SSC) is prepared by a simple method. The activated carbon cloth (HHK-CC) is obtained by treating with potassium permanganate beforehand. The specific area, oxygen-containing functional group, hydrophilicity, and electrical conductivity of the activated CC are increased significantly after the potassium permanganate treatment. A few layers of Ti 3 C 2 T X flakes are coated directly on the HHK-CC. When the loading Ti 3 C 2 T X on the HHK-CC@Ti 3 C 2 T X electrode is 3 mg cm −2 , the prepared electrode achieves a high capacitance of 1033 mF cm −2 at the current density of 1 mA cm −2 . After assembling as a symmetrical SSC, the flexibility and mechanical strength of the CC are still preserved and no significant capacitance decreasing is observed under the conditions of bending and deformation. The capacitance value remains at 94.2% after 1000 cycles, and a high power density of 0.779 W cm −2 is obtained at the energy density of 4.5 μWh cm −2 . This work gives a new strategy for designing flexible supercapacitors.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源存储
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Applied Energy Materials
·
2023
·
IF 6.4
Man Yang,Xueliang Zhu,Kangwei Mo,Sheng Li,Siyang Cheng,Yong Liu,Ning Yan,Zhiping Wang
Nickel oxide (NiOx), as an inorganic p-type semiconductor, has been widely adopted as hole-transporting layers in perovskite solar cells. Despite its superior material stability, the poor charge extraction and multi-vacancies greatly restrict the photovoltages and efficiencies. Here, we propose a facile method to tune the surface oxidation states of NiOx films by a lithium salt treatment for photovoltage enhancement. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurement indicates that the lithium treatment only reduces the Ni3+ sites at the top region rather than in the bulk of NiOx films. This graded distribution allows more efficient charge extraction at the NiOx/perovskite interface as revealed by photoluminescence studies. Through a combination of capacitance–voltage and drive-level capacitance profiling measurements, we confirm enhanced built-in potentials and decreased interface defect densities in lithium-modified devices. Further modifying the interface with a self-assembly monolayer, the energy offsets at the interface can be largely reduced. Based on these enhanced properties, the modified devices achieve a high-power conversion efficiency of 22.4% (0.07 cm2) with a 120 mV enhancement in photovoltage in comparison with the untreated devices.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
能源技术
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
·
2020
·
IF 5.774
Ziying Wang,Na An,Yisheng Shao,Naiyun Gao,Erdeng Du,Bin Xu
Bromide (Br − ), which is omnipresent in water bodies, can not only affect the degradation kinetics of target pollutants but may also form undesired byproducts (such as bromate ( BrO 3 - ) and brominated disinfection byproducts (Br-DBPs)) through sulfate radical ( SO 4 ∙ - )-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). This study found that Br − significantly suppressed the degradation of diethyl phthalate (DEP) based on the ultraviolet (UV)/persulfate (PS) treatment and was efficiently converted into reactive species (radicals and free bromine) by the SO 4 ∙ - or hydroxyl radical (HO ) generated in the UV/PS system. These reactive bromine species could, in turn, brominate the phenolic degradation intermediates of DEP as well as natural organic matter (NOM), yielding Br-DBPs, including tribromomethane (TBM), which was observed when Br − , DEP and/or NOM coexisted in this UV/PS system. However, the Br-DBPs were a short-lived form of bromine during the transformation of Br – and were degraded by the excessive oxidants (e.g., S O 4 ∙ - and HO ). Instead, Br − was eventually transformed into BrO 3 - , with free bromine acting as the requisite intermediate. The BrO 3 - formation initially showed a delay before increasing monotonically. In general, raising the PS dosage and the initial Br − concentrations enhanced both the maximum concentration of TBM and the formation of BrO 3 - , while increasing the amounts of DEP and NOM facilitated the former and inhibited the latter. The maximum concentration of TBM increased while the formation of BrO 3 - was suppressed with increasing pH from 5.0 to 8.0. In addition, through simulating the steady-state concentration of radicals, it was found that the contribution of bromine atom radical (Br ) towards oxidizing free bromine to BrO 3 - was far greater than those of S O 4 ∙ - and HO . The findings demonstrate the potential negative effects of Br − on SO 4 ∙ - -based AOPs, which need to be considered when this technology is applied in practice.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理工程
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DOI
高影响因子
WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH
·
2022
·Vol. 94
·期 9
·e10788
·
IF 3.306
Binbin Shao,Yating Zhu,Jie Chen,Yimin Lin,Xiaohong Guan
During oxidative treatment of iodide (I − )-containing waters, I − is easy to be oxidized into hypoiodous acid (HOI) by various oxidants and the further reaction of HOI with organic compounds can lead to the formation of iodinated disinfection by-products (I-DBPs). Oxidation of HOI to iodate (IO 3 − ) or reduction of HOI to I − has been proposed to reduce the formation of I-DBPs. Because the reaction of HOI with sulfite proceeds rapidly, this study examined the fate of iodine and the formation of I-DBPs in Mn(VII)/sulfite process. Results showed that I − was oxidized to HOI but the further formation of IO 3 − was suppressed due to the fast reduction of HOI to I − by sulfite. The reactions of HOI with SO 3 2− and IO − with SO 3 2− are the major pathways with species-specific second-order rate constants determined to be 1.12 × 10 5 M −1 s −1 and 9.43 × 10 7 M −1 s −1 , respectively. The rapid reaction of HOI with sulfite plays an essential role in minimizing the formation of iodinated products in HOI- and phenol-containing solutions. The toxic risk analysis showed that the toxicity of the generated DBPs from Mn(VII)/sulfite pre-oxidation followed by chlorination only changed slightly. Practitioner Points The decay of I − was negligible in Mn(VII)/sulfite process. The rapid reaction of HOI with SO 3 2− resulted in the negligible generation of IO 3 − . Mn(VII)/sulfite process exerted slight influence on the formation of I-DBPs. Mn(VII)/sulfite process is promising for the pretreatment of I − -containing water.
研究领域:
环境科学
·
水处理工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
·
2025
·
IF 5.6
Liubin Shi,Jindong Li,Shilong Xiong,Dong-Liang Peng,Yuanzhi Chen
A B S T R A C T Ni ultrafine particles synthesized via aqueous solution method have advantages such as narrow particle size distribution and low cost. However, the particle crystallinity is usually poor, which may lead to severe shrinkage during the sintering process for the preparation of film electrodes. In this study, Ni ultrafine particles with a size of about 180 nm are synthesized via an aqueous solution method, then heat treated in a bath of binary chloride salts (AlCl 3 -NaCl) at different temperatures, and finally made into a paste, printed onto a ceramic substrate and sintered into a conductive film. The results show that the crystallinity, oxidation resistance and thermal shrinkage resistance of the samples after molten salt treatment are significantly improved. The sintered film electrode prepared from Ni sample without molten salt treatment exhibits severe shrinkage and large disconnected areas, whereas the integrity and continuity of the films with molten salt treatment are notably improved. Lower resistivities are observed for film samples with molten salt treatment. The results show that molten salt treatment is an effective way to increase the crystallinity of Ni ultrafine particles, and thus reduce the thermal shrinkage and improve the integrity of Ni film electrodes.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
纳米技术
·
电极材料
·
冶金学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
·
2023
·
IF 15.1
Qiwei Chen,Zhuo Chen,Yan Wang,Enze Tian,Jinhan Mo
In-situ thermally restorable adsorption films exhibited brilliant performance for indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) purification with negligible wind resistance and considerable lifetime. However, the morphology of adsorption films should be restructured for better adsorption kinetics. This study structured adsorption films with submillimeter-sized channels by direct ink writing (DIW). Submicron-micron-sized porous structure was further fabricated through ammonia carbonate treatment. Pore size distribution characterization proved 33% of extra mesopores were created in the hierarchical porous adsorption film. Dynamic adsorption behaviours for formaldehyde and toluene illustrated that the hierarchical porous adsorption film exhibited an over 80% initial one-pass efficiency for both formaldehyde and toluene, improved by 20% over the plane adsorption film. The purification rate was also significantly improved by 83% and 67% for formaldehyde (from 0.059 mg g -1 h −1 to 0.106 mg g -1 h −1 ) and toluene (from 0.143 mg g -1 h −1 to 0.239 mg g -1 h −1 ), respectively. This study proposed a method for conveniently preparing multi-scale porous structured adsorption components under mild conditions. The hierarchical diffusion pathways induced by DIW and ammonium carbonate treatment will enhance the adsorption kinetics and the purification performance of the adsorption film, overcoming the weak purification performance and short material lifetime of the existing indoor VOCs adsorption components. This research can be further applied to gas separation, as well as gas sensing, as DIW can achieve sub-millimeter scale resolution, providing a versatile approach for heat and mass transfer enhancement in chemical and environmental fields.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
环境科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）