FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·
IF 9.231
Qingwen Huang,Wenbo Guo,Xiuying Zhao,Haojie Cao,Kai Fan,Jiajia Meng,Dongxia Nie,Yongjiang Wu,Zheng Han
Due to the challenge of hundreds of potential mycotoxins that may be present in cereals, a rapid and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF MS) technique was developed for universal screening of 200 mycotoxins (prototype, emerging and related derivatives) in cereals. With satisfactory sensitivity of accurate mass full-spectrum acquisition, it is feasible to preliminarily identify tentative untargeted mycotoxins with a large range of polarity without reference materials. The current screening method was also validated by the determination of 33 typical mycotoxins, and the screening detection limits in the range of 0.5–100 μg kg −1 were established in cereals. In total, 138 stored samples were contaminated by 46 mycotoxins and their metabolites, some of which were firstly reported in cereals, posing emerging potential health risks to humans and animals. Furthermore, the accumulation, transformation and degradation mechanisms of typical mycotoxins in cereals were investigated under real storage conditions.
研究领域:
食品安全
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分析化学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Foods
·
2021
·Vol. 10
·期 10
·2483
·
IF 4.35
Wenzhi Tang,Yangchun Qi,Zhonghong Li
Food analysis based on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is simple, sensitive and rapid, but requires a costly colorimetric instrument. The aim of this work was to develop a portable, low-cost and user-friendly colorimetric instrument for colorimetric ELISA and aflatoxin B1(AFB1) detection. The principle of the developed instrument was employing a light-emitting diode to generate the signal light and using a light-dependent resistor to measure the signal light absorbed by the oxidized 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethyl benzidine. The absorption spectra revealed that the solution absorbed signal light more strongly after reaction with H2SO4, and blue light would be favorably absorbed. Evaluations on the stability and accuracy of the instrument and interference from ambient light showed that the fabricated instrument was stable, accurate, capable of quantitative detection and insensitive to ambient light changes. In addition, this instrument is user-friendly since it could calculate and report the final amount of AFB1to the operator. Measurements of maize and peanuts showed that the instrument provided as accurate results as the professional equipment. With the low fabrication cost (about RMB 129 or USD 20), portability, and user-friendliness, this instrument presents attractive potential in the rapid detection of AFB1.Keywords:ELISA;colorimetric;food safety;mycotoxin;rapid detection
研究领域:
食品科学
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分析化学
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仪器仪表
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Toxins
·
2023
·Vol. 15
·期 3
·209
·
IF 4.2
Yingyue Zhang,Fengyan Kuang,Chunyao Liu,Kai Ma,Tianyu Liu,Meijuan Zhao,Guangping Lv,He Huang
Edible and medicinal plants (EMPs) are widely used but are easily infected by harmful fungi which produce mycotoxins. Herein, 127 samples from 11 provinces were collected to investigate 15 mycotoxins based on geographic, demographic, processing, and risk characteristics. A total of 13 mycotoxins were detected, and aflatoxin B1(0.56~97.00 μg/kg), deoxynivalenol (9.41~1570.35 μg/kg), fumonisin B1(8.25~1875.77 μg/kg), fumonisin B2(2.74~543.01 μg/kg), ochratoxin A (0.62~19.30 μg/kg), and zearalenone (1.64~2376.58 μg/kg) occurred more frequently. Mycotoxin levels and species were significantly different by region, types of EMPs, and method of processing. The margin of exposure (MOE) values was well below the safe MOE (10,000). AFB1exposure from Coix seed and malt consumption in China was of high health concern. The hazard Index (HI) method showed the range of 113.15~130.73% for malt, indicating a public health concern. In conclusion, EMPs should be concerned because of the cumulative effects of co-occurred mycotoxins, and safety management strategies should be developed in follow-up studies.Keywords:mycotoxins;coix seed;lilii bulbus;malt;lotus seed;risk assessmentKey Contribution:This study investigated the co-occurrence of mycotoxins in EMPs from China, and indicated a high risk of mycotoxin exposure from Coix Seed and Malt. Mycotoxin contamination in EMPs varied significantly, and it may require more explicit limits for specific EMPs.
研究领域:
食品安全
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植物学
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公共卫生
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
·
2020
·
IF 6.793
Ye Tian,Dianzhen Yu,Na Liu,Yan Tang,Zheng Yan,Aibo Wu
Mycotoxins are toxic fungal metabolites, contaminating cereal grains in field or during processing and storage periods. These environmental contaminants pose great threats to humans and animals’ health due to their toxic effects. Type A trichothecenes, fumonisins and fusaric acid (FA) are commonly detected mycotoxins produced by various Fusarium species. Trichoderma spp. are promising antagonists in agriculture for their activities against plant pathogens , and also regarded as potential candidates for bioremediation of environmental contaminants. Managing toxigenic fungi by antagonistic Trichoderma is regarded as a sustainable and eco-friendly strategy for mycotoxin control. However, the metabolic activities of Trichoderma on natural occurring mycotoxins were less investigated. Our current work comprehensively explored the activities of Trichoderma against type A trichothecenes, fumonisins and FA producing Fusarium species via co-culture competition and indirect volatile assays. Furthermore, we investigated metabolism of type A trichothecenes and FA in Trichoderma isolates. Results indicated that Trichoderma were capable of bio-transforming T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol and neosolaniol into their glycosylated forms and one Trichoderma strain could bio transform FA into low toxic fusarinol. These findings proved that Trichoderma isolates could manage toxigenic Fusarium via direct competition and volatile-mediated indirect inhibition. In addition, these antagonists possess defensive systems against mycotoxins for self-protection, which enriches our understanding on the interaction mechanism of Trichoderma spp. on toxigenic fungus.
研究领域:
微生物学
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食品安全
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植物病理学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES
·
2024
·
IF 2.8
Yuqi Yin,Weiyang Sun,Xuan Wang,Jiayue Chen,Hongyan Zeng,Sifan Hao,Lin Ren,Li Yong,Chunying Luo,Xiaoli Zou
Background Poisonings caused by plant toxins and mycotoxins occur frequently, which do great harm to human health and social public health safety. When a poisoning incident occurs, biological samples are commonly be used to conduct the detection of toxic substances and their metabolites for targeted clinical treatment and incident analysis. Objective To establish an efficient and accurate analysis method of 39 phytotoxins and mycotoxins in blood and urine by high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole tandem orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-Orbitrap MS). Method After 3 mL of methanol being added to 1 mL blood and urine respectively for extraction and protein precipitation, the supernatant was injected into HPLC-Orbitrap MS for analysis. The phytotoxins and mycotoxins were separated by Hypersil GOLD PFP column with gradient elution using methanol-5 mmol/L ammonium acetate as mobile phase. The data were collected in ESI positive ion mode using Full MS/dd-MS 2 for mass spectrometry detection. Result The mass database of 39 phytotoxins and mycotoxins was developed, and accurate qualitative analysis can be obtained by matching with the database using the proposed identification criteria. Limit of detections (LODs) were 1.34 × 10 −4 ∼ 1.92 ng/mL and 1.92 × 10 −4 ∼ 9.80 ng/mL for blood and urine samples, respectively. Limits of quantification (LOQ) of toxins in blood and urine ranged from 4.47 × 10 −4 ∼ 6.32 ng/mL and 6.39 × 10 −4 ∼ 32.67 ng/mL, respectively. Intra-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 0.79 % ∼ 10.90 %, and inter-day RSDs were 1.08 % ∼ 18.93 %. The recoveries can reach 90 % ∼ 110 % with matrix matching calibration curves. Conclusion The established method is simple and rapid to operate, which can complete the sample analysis within 30 min, providing technical support for clinical poisoning treatment and public health poisoning analysis.
研究领域:
毒理学
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分析化学
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临床医学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Toxins
·
2022
·Vol. 14
·期 8
·521
·
IF 5.075
Sirui Cheng,Xiaoxiao Feng,Guoxin Liu,Nan Zhao,Jing Liu,Zhimeng Zhang,Nan Yang,Luqi Zhou,Minhao Pang,Bowen Tang,Jingao Dong,Bin Zhao,Yingchao Liu
Mycotoxins seriously threaten the quality of maize seriously around the world. A total of 426 samples of maize kernel from northeast and northwest China were analyzed in this study. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) was performed to analyze the mycotoxin contamination of maize samples. The results showed that it was contaminated by mycotoxins in maize. The average contamination levels of fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, aflatoxins, zearalenone, ochratoxin A, T-2 and HT-2 were 937, 431, 22, 27, 2 and 12 μg/kg, respectively. Concentration of mycotoxins in some samples exceeded their limit, but most were still at safe levels. The contamination level of FBs and DON were most significative. The proportion of mycotoxins exceeding the maximum limit standard was in the following order: 8.0%, 8.0%, 7.0%, 1.6%, 1.4% and 0.0%. The contamination of mycotoxins in maize varies from region to region.Keywords:mycotoxins;occurrence;maizeKey Contribution:This report reveals the occurrence of mycotoxins (FBs; AFs; DON; ZEN; OTA; T-2; HT-2) in maize kernel from northeast and northwest China. The maize samples were contaminated with mycotoxins to varying degrees, which may be related to local climatic conditions and farming practices. A theoretical basis for further attention to consumer health and safety is provided.
研究领域:
食品安全
·
植物病理学
✓ 已验证
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2024
·
IF 8.5
Fenglan Zhou,Chunjie Zhou,Wenhua Zhang,Zsolt Zalán,Hui Shi,Jianquan Kan,Kewei Chen,Tian Cai
The detection of mycotoxins in Sichuan peppers is crucial for ensuring food safety. Hence, an efficient detection approach based on the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) method followed by LC–MS/MS (liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry) was established for the analysis of various mycotoxins in dried red and green Sichuan peppers. Samples were extracted with a solution containing 99 % acetonitrile and 1 % formic acid. A new adsorbent, namely, ENVI-Carb, and primary secondary amines were used as purifying agents. The proposed method demonstrated good linearity (R 2 ≥ 0.999), satisfactory recovery (77.3 %–109.2 %), and good repeatability (intraday and interday relative standard deviations ≤9.7 %) in dried red and green Sichuan peppers. Its limits of detection in red and green Sichuan peppers were 0.2–0.6 and 0.1–0.7 μg/kg, respectively. The established method can effectively eliminate complex matrix interference and provides an effective approach for the high-throughput detection of mycotoxins in various complex food matrices.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CONTROL
·
2015
·
IF 2.806
Zhiyong Zhao,Na Liu,Lingchen Yang,Jianhua Wang,Suquan Song,Dongxia Nie,Xianli Yang,Jiafa Hou,Aibo Wu
The primary objective of this study was to synthesize three types of cross-linked chitosan polymers and further investigate their adsorption capability for multiple mycotoxins , including aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEN), fumonisin B 1 (FB 1 ), deoxynivalenol (DON) and T-2 toxin (T2). Among these synthetic adsorbents, cross-linked chitosan-glutaraldehyde complex presented the highest adsorption capability for AFB 1 (73%), OTA (97%), ZEN (94%) and FB 1 (99%), but no obvious adsorption for DON and T2 (<30%). The effect of various incubation conditions (contact time, dosage and pH) was also studied. Subsequently, the experimental data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Hill models. The best fitting model to describe AFB 1 and FB 1 adsorption was Langmuir model ( R 2 ≥ 0.99), with the theoretical maximum adsorption amounts of 5.67 mg/g for AFB 1 and 15.7 mg/g for FB 1 . The Hill model was the best model for OTA and ZEN adsorption ( R 2 > 0.98), with the predicted maximum adsorption amounts were 24.8 mg/g for OTA and 9.18 mg/g for ZEN. In addition, the adsorption capability of adsorbent for the simultaneous presence of multiple mycotoxins was also evaluated in buffer system and simulated gastrointestinal condition. The results indicated that the coexisted multiple mycotoxins didn't affected the adsorption capability of adsorbent, whereas the adsorption amounts of toxins were decreased by some gastrointestinal components. The findings of this research suggest that chitosan–glutaraldehyde complex has the potential to be applied as multitoxin adsorbent material for reducing the combined adverse effect of multiple mycotoxins on humans and animals.
研究领域:
食品科学
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毒理学
·
生物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
·
2021
·
IF 4.759
Jinxin Chi,Dandan Zhu,Yiqiong Chen,Guihua Huang,Xucong Lin
Herein, a facile and practical aptamer-grafted ionic affinity monolith with mixed-mode mechanism was explored as a versatile platform for online specific recognition of polar and non-polar mycotoxins. The mixed-mode mechanism including molecular affinity adsorption (between aptamers and targets), hydrophilic interaction and ionic interaction (between stationary phase and targets) were adopted and provided a better flexibility in adjusting separation selectivity to reduce nonspecific adsorption with respect to the single mode. Preparation and characterization of aptamer-based affinity monoliths were investigated, The characterization of pore size distribution, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and the specificity and cross-reaction were also evaluated. As a result, the hydrophilic nature and negative charge on affinity monolith were obtained. Multiple interactions including aptamer affinity binding, hydrophilic interaction (HI) and ion exchange (IE) could be adopted for online selective extraction. Specific recognitions of polar ochratoxin A (OTA), non-polar zearalenone (ZEN) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was fulfilled with LODs as 0.03, 0.05 and 0.05 μg/L, respectively. Applied to real cereals, good recoveries of the fortified OTA, AFB1 and ZEN were achieved as 92.6 ± 1.3% ~ 95.6 ± 1.3% (n=3), 93.9 ± 2.3% ~ 98.2 ± 3.4% (n=3) and 92.7 ± 2.0% ~ 96.9 ± 3.5% (n=3) in corn, wheat and rice, respectively. The results displayed that Apt-MCs with hydrophilic and ionic interaction mixed-mode mechanism were efficient enough and competent for the online recognition of mycotoxins in cereals.
研究领域:
分析化学
·
食品科学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
·
2015
·
IF 4.169
Runyue Zhu,Zhiyong Zhao,Jianhua Wang,Bing Bai,Aibo Wu,Liping Yan,Suquan Song
In this study, a reliable and fast method using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction procedure without any clean-up step was developed for simultaneous extraction of 15 mycotoxins, i.e., aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin M2, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, de-epoxy-DON, zearalenone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, α-zearalanol, and β-zearalanol, from eggs. High-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to separate and detect all of the analytes. Electrospray ionization at both negative and positive modes and multiple reaction-monitoring mode were applied to detect these analytes. The main factors, such as extraction time, extraction solvent, evaporation temperature, and pH of the solvent, were carefully optimized to improve the extraction efficiency. The coefficients of determination of the calibration curves ranged from 0.9884 to 0.9998. The recoveries of most of the analytes were between 71.3% and 105.4% at three concentration levels, except for AFB1 that showed recovery rates of not more than 67.5% in all concentrations. The repeatability and intra-lab reproducibility of this method were both lower than 15% and 25%, respectively. The limit of quantification ranged from 0.2 μg/kg to 5 μg/kg. The matrix effect was evaluated and reduced by the use of matrix-matched calibration curves. The validated method was applied in a pilot study to analyze mycotoxin contamination in 12 eggs, and trace amounts of deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin G2, zearalenone and β-zearalenol were detected in these samples.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
分析化学
·
毒理学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2022
·
IF 9.231
Ying-yue Zhang,Mei-juan Zhao,Chun-yao Liu,Kai Ma,Tian-yu Liu,Fei Chen,Li-na Wu,De-jun Hu,Guang-ping Lv
Immunoassay-based techniques are important on-site screening tools for the detection of mycotoxins in cereals. This study aims to evaluate the trueness, precision, repeatability and cross-reactivity of commercially available test strips, ELISA kits and UHPLC-MS/MS on analyzing zearalenone, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin and fumonisin B 1 . The results showed that false negative rate (25.7 %–37.4 %) of all tested mycotoxins by test strips was higher than the false positive rate (0 %–31.0 %). The repeatability of ELISA kits at the declared LOD dispersed from −85.7 % to +98.4 %. ELISA kits were more accurate at 50 % of the maximum residue limit (MRL) of mycotoxins than 150 % and 200 %. All the tested deoxynivalenol/zearalenone derivatives had cross-reactivity with different level, and sample matrix could reinforce this overestimation of target mycotoxin. This study emphasized that higher-quality antibody screening and more analytical performance investigations are need to address for on-site detection of mycotoxins in the future.
研究领域:
食品科学
·
分析化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
FOOD CHEMISTRY
·
2025
·
IF 9.8
Lizhe Hu,Minmin Li,Yongwei Sun,Haoran Zhao,Jieyin Chen,Xiaofeng Dai,Zhiqiang Kong
This study systematically investigated the transfer patterns of pesticides and mycotoxins during Astragalus processing. A total of 13 pesticides and 9 mycotoxins were detected, phosphamidon and fenamiphos-sulfoxide had the highest detection rates and levels, while deoxynivalenol and T-2 toxin were the most abundant mycotoxins. Water extraction and alcohol precipitation reduced pesticide residues (processing factors 0.01–2.17), but drying increased most pesticide residues (e.g., phorate-sulfoxide with a maximum processing factor of 22.41). Pesticide processing factors correlated positively with melting point, water solubility, and vapor pressure, and negatively with molecular weight and octanol-water partition coefficient. Mycotoxin processing factors had different correlations. Chronic risk assessment indicates that demeton and fenamiphos-sulfoxide may cause long harm during the drying process. This study provides important data for the control of pesticide and mycotoxin residues in processed products, which is of theoretical and practical value for guaranteeing the quality and safety of Astragalus.
研究领域:
中药学
·
食品安全
·
植物化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）