Advanced thermal batteries require new cathode materials with high thermal stability, high capacity, high voltage, and high-rate performance. Although antimony sulfide (Sb 2 S 3 ) has a high theoretical capacity, its low melting point characteristic hinders the application in thermal batteries. Here, we demonstrate that modifying with a small amount of graphite can effectively immobilize liquid Sb 2 S 3 to form a pellet electrode, which allows us to use cathodes made of this liquid active material just like traditional solid-state electrodes. The formation of such a solid-like liquid cathode can be attributed to graphite's affinity for Sb 2 S 3 while repelling the molten electrolyte. The electrochemical testing in LiCl-KCl eutectic at 560 °C and 600 °C indicates that, the performance of the graphite modified Sb 2 S 3 (gra@Sb 2 S 3 ) of optimized proportions far surpasses that of traditional FeS 2 , both in terms of discharge capacity and thermal stability. This study provides a strategy for developing new kind of liquid cathode materials for high-performance thermal batteries.
The polymer ultra-low-density proppants are critical to the development of slick-water fracture technology, but which were prone to obvious deformation under high pressure in the fractures. To increase the stiffness of the styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer (SDB) and obtain desired ultra-low-density (ULD) proppants, carbon dots (CDs) were introduced in-situ considering their characteristics as the zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterial. Taking the compressive strength and axial deflection, and so forth into consideration, the synthesis conditions of CDs modified SDB microspheres (CDs-SDBs) were optimized. Taking the graphite modified SDBs (MG-SDBs) as a reference, the density of CDs-SDBs did keep almost constant at about 1.1800 ~ 1.1899 g·cm −3 with the increase of CDs amount. The CDs-SDBs not only possess high-peak pressure (41.5 N) but also minute axial deflection (0.090 mm). The advantages of CDs-SDBs over MG-SDBs become even more pronounced under higher pressure, which can withstand closure pressure of 80 MPa with a small crush ratio of 4.47%. CDs-SDBs exhibit significant photoluminescence performances with maximum excitation and emission wavelengths of 634 nm and 554 nm. Highlights CDs-SDBs as ULD proppants with high strength and anti-deformation were developed. Advantages of CDs-SDBs become more pronounced under high-closure pressure. With increasing of CDs amount, apparent density of CDs-SDBs keep almost constant. Axial deflection of CDs-SDBs is only 0.09 mm under 41.5 N. The crush ratio is only 4.47% under 80 MPa closure pressure.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）