ACS Omega
·
2024
·
IF 3.7
Pingtian Fan,Yuetian Liu,Yuting He,Yuanping Hu,Leihui Chao,Yapeng Wang,Lang Liu,Jingpeng Li
Currently, research surrounding low-salinity water flooding predominantly focuses on medium- to high-permeability sandstone reservoirs. Nevertheless, further investigation is necessary to implement this technique with regard to tight sandstone reservoirs. The present study comprises a series of experiments conducted on the crude oil and core of the Ordos Chang 6 reservoir to investigate the influence of ionic composition on low-salinity water flooding in tight oil reservoirs. The change in wettability on the rock surface was analyzed by using the contact angle experiment. The change in recovery rate was analyzed using a core displacement experiment. The reaction between rock fluids was analyzed using an ion chromatography experiment. Additionally, a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment was used to analyze the mobilization law of crude oil and the change in wettability on the scale of the rock core. This led to a comprehensive discussion of the law and mechanism of enhancing the recovery rate via low-salinity water flooding from various perspectives. Experiments show that low-salinity water flooding is an effective technique for enhancing recovery in tight sandstone reservoirs. Altering the ionic composition of injected water can improve the water wettability of the rock surface and enhance recovery. Decreasing the mass concentration of Ca2+ or increasing the mass concentration of SO42– can prompt the ion-exchange reaction on the rock surface and detachment of polar components from the surface. Consequently, the wettability of the rock surface strengthens, augmenting the recovery process. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments evidence that low-salinity water injection, with ion adjustment, significantly alters the interactions between the rock and fluid in tight sandstone reservoirs. As a result, the T2 signal amplitude decreases significantly, residual oil saturation reduces considerably, and the hydrophilic nature of the rock surface increases.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
地质学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Heritage Science
·
2024
·Vol. 12
·期 1
·1-13
·
IF 2.6
Wu Huihua,Xie Quanhua,He Yuanyuan,He Xuefeng,Zhou Yuan,Liu Yang,Liu Yufei,Liu Yang,Wan Bo,Zhong Nianbing
Temperature changes during the chemical corrosion of stone cultural relics affect the condensation and evaporation of water and chemical reactions between soluble substances and corrosive solutions. This ultimately leads to changes in the internal structure and composition of the artifacts, which in turn lead to changes in the microstrain of cultural relics. To obtain in-situ real-time information on changes in the temperature and microstrain of stone cultural relics during chemical corrosion damage, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) detection system was developed. The detection principle for the temperature and microstrain of sandstone was provided. Thermal field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and mercury intrusion porosimetry were used to characterize the surface morphology, composition, and pore structure of the sandstone samples, respectively. The temperature and microstrain changes of the sandstone samples under deionized water with different acidic/alkaline and salt solutions and at different temperatures were examined online in situ using the FBG measurement system. The results indicate that the dissolution of sandstone in the acidic solution (H 2 SO 4 and NaHSO 4 ) resulted in an exothermic chemical reaction as well as the dissolution of sandstone in the neutral salt solution (Na 2 SO 4 ) and alkaline solution (NaOH and Na 2 CO 3 ) led to material conversion and exothermic chemical reaction; the deionization reaction belongs to the dissolution reaction. The NaHSO 4 solution caused the most serious corrosive disease on the sandstone surface. When the temperature of the NaHSO 4 solution was 60 °C, the temperature and microstrain of the sandstone reached 63.9 °C and 253.6 με, respectively. The results of this study can support the research of revealing the corrosion mechanism of sandstone in different environments.
研究领域:
文物保护
·
材料科学
·
化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
·
2019
·
IF 6.044
Yang Li,Shibin Wang,Jianchun Guo,Ruiyang Chen,Feng Zhao,Yuxuan Liu
Hydroxypropyl guar gum (HPG) is commonly used as the thicker of the fracturing fluid. It will be adsorbed on the sandstone that leads to decrease the permeability of the reservoir. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the adsorption of HPG to decrease the permeability damage. The effect of silica nanoparticles (SNP) on the adsorption properties of HPG has been studied. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is employed to confirm the interaction force between HPG and sandstone. It is clear that hydrogen bonds is an important force of adsorption between HPG and sandstone. SNP can break hydrogen bonds between HPG and sandstone by occupying the rock surface, while altering the wettability of the rock. This results in effectively reducing the amount of HPG adsorption and retaining larger pores of the core after flooding with fracturing fluids. Adding SNP to HPG is an effective method to reduce reservoir damage.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
Geoenergy Science and Engineering
·
2025
·
IF 4.6
Huimin Wang,Liyun Tao,Jianguo Wang,Xiaolin Wang,Jinchang Sheng
During hydraulic fracturing in tight sandstone reservoirs, surfactants are extensively employed to modify wettability, thereby enhancing the final gas recovery rate. However, the mechanism of wettability alteration due to the migration of imbibition fluids within multiscale pores as well as their physicochemical reactions throughout this process, remains unclear. Therefore, this study proposed an improved nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) method that integrates spontaneous imbibition (SI) experiments to quantitatively characterize dynamic wettability. The influences of surfactants with different concentrations were investigated through mineral reactions, imbibition mass and movable fluids. Firstly, mineral fractions and contact angles were measured before and after the SI experiments. Subsequently, the relationship between normalized SI volume and imbibition time was established to define the pore wettability index (PWI). Movable fluid porosity was then determined by the fluid migration within multiscale pores. Finally, the PWI was refined by incorporating movable fluid porosity and characteristic pore radius to characterize dynamic wettability during the SI process. The experimental results indicate that higher concentrations of surfactants promote the conversion process of potassium feldspar to hydrophilic minerals (kaolinite and muscovite), which significantly contributes to increased hydrophilicity. The application of surfactants significantly increases the imbibition rate, although further increases in concentration have a diminishing effect. Compared to static contact angles, the dynamic wettability characterization using the improved NMR method captures details of interfacial properties, offering novel insights into wettability modification.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
地球科学
·
化学工程
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
ENERGY & FUELS
·
2024
·
IF 5.2
Xin Peng,Caili Dai,Yong Hu,Zhenli Zhang,Peihan Li,Qi Luo,Yining Wu
One of the major challenges during the development of low-permeability sandstone reservoirs is the interaction between the oil and rock, which makes it difficult to displace the oil in the nanoscale pores of the formation rock. This study investigates the interaction between typical crude oil components, such as chain alkyl, sulfonic acid group, and carboxyl group, and representative sandstone monominerals, including quartz, albite, and potassium feldspar in the aqueous phase with different salinities by using the nanomechanical method. The maximum adhesion strength measured in this study is 768.75 nN μm–2, which is the adhesion strength between the carboxyl group and quartz in simulated formation water, and it is 9.2 times higher than that of the sulfonic acid group and albite in deionized water. Experimental results show that the high concentration of cations in the formation water enhances the adhesion strength between the polar components of crude oil and sandstone monominerals, resulting in strong attractive forces. Furthermore, it is found that the dominant components responsible for this strong interaction are the carboxyl group and quartz. In addition, the results show that the intensity and range of adhesion strength caused by the high-valent cations, such as Mg2+, Ca2+, and Al3+, are larger than those of the low-valent cations, such as Na+ and K+, and increase with increasing ion concentration. By accurately quantifying the interaction between typical components of crude oil and sandstone monominerals, this study reveals the adhesion mechanism of crude oil in low-permeability sandstone reservoirs, which provides a theoretical basis for the efficient displacement of oil.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
地质学
·
表面科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE
·
2023
·
IF 3.1
Lina Xie,Lan Yao,Bingjian Zhang,Yulan Hu
The moss colonization on the surface of historic buildings could result not only in a biodeterioration but also in an aesthetical damage. In this study, some mixtures of consolidant (MMH) and GO@CuO hybrids were developed to control moss growth on the surface of weathered sandstone. An innovative aspect of the study was that, by using GO as the intermediate, the CuO nanoparticles were anchored to the MMH consolidant. This method could effectively improve the binding force between CuO nanoparticles and the stone substrate and make it not be washed away by rainfall. Several formulations have been prepared, applied on weathered sandstone specimens, and tested in laboratory to investigate the impact of GO@CuO hybrids addition on consolidation performance. The complex consolidants were subjected to an antibiological activity assay to assess their capability to inactivate moss spores. The complex consolidants were also applied to the specimens covered with mosses. The obtained results demonstrated that the consolidant loaded with GO@CuO hybrids were effective in consolidating the weathered substrate and preventing moss growth on its surface. Additionally, the complex consolidant also had the function of controlling re-colonization of moss after conservation treatment.
研究领域:
文物保护
·
材料科学
·
微生物学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Materials
·
2023
·Vol. 16
·期 13
·4549
·
IF 3.4
Chuiyuan Kong,Bin Zhou,Rongxin Guo,Feng Yan,Rui Wang,Changxi Tang
Based on the physical and chemical properties of red sandstone (RS), RS is used to produce composite cementitious materials. The flowability, mechanical strength, and micromechanics of a red sandstone–cement binary cementitious material (RS-OPC) were investigated as functions of the amount of RS replacing the cement (OPC). Additionally, the feasibility of producing red sandstone–phosphogypsum–cement composite materials (RS-PG-OPC) using the phosphogypsum (PG)- enhanced volcanic ash activity of RS was investigated. The products of hydration and microstructures of RS-OPC and RS-PG-OPC were analyzed by XRD, FTIR, TG-DTG, and SEM. RS enhanced the flowability of RS-OPC relative to the unmodified cement slurry but lowered its mechanical strength, according to the experiments. When the quantity of OPC replaced was greater than 25%, the compressive strength after 28 days was substantially reduced, with a maximum reduction of 78.8% (RS-60). The microscopic mechanism of RS-OPC suggested that the active SiO2in the RS can react with Ca(OH)2to produce C-S-H but can only utilize small quantities of Ca(OH)2, confirming the low volcanic ash activity of RS. RS was responsible for dilution and filling. The incorporation of 5% PG into RS-PG-OPC slowed the hydration process compared with RS-OPC without PG but also increased the flowability and aided in the later development of the mechanical strength. This was primarily because the addition of PG provided the system with sufficient Ca2+and SO42−to react with [Al(OH)6]3−to form ettringite (AFt), therefore accelerating the dissolution of Al3+in RS to generate more AFt and C-(A)-S-H gels. To some extent, this excites the volcanic ash of RS. Therefore, if there is an abundance of waste RS in the region and a lack of other auxiliary cementitious materials, a sufficient quantity of PG and a finely powdered waste RS component can be used to replace cementitious materials prepared with OPC to reduce the mining of raw OPC materials.Keywords:red sandstone;phosphogypsum;flowability;mechanical strength;micromechanics;volcanic ash activity
研究领域:
建筑材料学
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
ARCHAEOMETRY
·
2021
·Vol. 64
·期 4
·997-1012
·
IF 1.886
Lina Xie,Xue-Qiang Chen,Bingjian Zhang,Yulan Hu
The consolidation of weathered sandstone has been an important subject in cultural heritage conservation. Due to the loss of cementing materials, the structure of sandstone becomes loose, thus mechanical strength decreases dramatically. To restore cohesion between sand grains, a novel nano-MgO-based consolidant (MMH dispersion) is studied. In this paper, the MMH dispersions with different concentrations and number of applications are applied on artificial weathered sandstone specimen with trickling infiltration treatment to select the optimal consolidation method. The consolidation products that formed in the pores between sand grains are characterized through XRD analysis and SEM observation. The effectiveness of consolidation treatment is evaluated in terms of mechanical properties (i.e., compressive strength and surface hardness) and compatibility (i.e., color variation and capillary water absorption). Due to the formation of 5 Mg(OH) 2 ·MgCl 2 ·8H 2 O, sand grains are more effectively bonded. Therefore, the treated specimens experience a significant improvement in mechanical strength. Finally, the specimens are subjected to a salt crystallization test, the results of which show that the MMH consolidant increased the durability of the specimens. After treatment, the intermediate concentration of MMH consolidant with five applications reveals the best potential to act as a promising consolidation method for the conservation of the weathered sandstone.
研究领域:
文物保护
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Journal of Building Engineering
·
2024
·
IF 6.7
Junquan Cai,Longguan Zhu,Bingjian Zhang
Due to the relatively low mechanical strength and high porosity, sandstone cultural relics show poor resistance to weathering and are vulnerable to significant deterioration. In this work, for the first time, a novel inorganic cementitious compound was introduced for sandstone preservation by combining magnesium oxysulfide (MOS) cement with citric acid (CA). Accordingly, the effect of CA on MOS cement was investigated in terms of mechanical properties, phase analyses, micropore structures, and microtopography. MOS cement with 0.5 % (wt.) CA exhibited the best performance, with excellent infinite compressive strength (20.92 MPa) and softening coefficient (125.06 %). Due to the CA addition, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis represented the remarkable appearance of the 5 Mg(OH) 2 ·MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O (5-1-7 phase), the primary strength-contributing phase in MOS cement. Furthermore, the investigations on MOS mortar (mixing MOS cement with silica sand) showed that MOS cement effectively functioned as a binder for silica sand. Finally, the excellent compatibility between the MOS cement and sandstone particles highlighted the feasibility of the cement as a novel material for sandstone preservation. These findings demonstrated the MOS's promising role in sandstone cultural relics conservation with significant potential.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
文物保护
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
Petroleum Science
·
2024
·
IF 6
Fang-Jun Jia,Hai-Tao Li,Zi-Min Liu,Xin Ma,Guo-Qiang Zhang,Qi-Hui Zhang,Jie Li
As an efficient monitoring and prediction tool, chemical tracers have been widely applied in reservoir characterization, production monitoring, water resources monitoring, and various other fields. Chemical tracer technology is characterized by high efficiency, high precision, relatively simple operational procedures, and low cost. Owing to the limitations of existing tracers, such as minimal options, limited transport efficiency, and complex detection methods, this study used fluorescein isothiocyanate and a ruthenium complex (Ru(phen 3 ) 2+ ) to synthesize 50 nm multi-color fluorescent silica nanoparticle tracers using an improved Stöber method based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Due to the FRET between the two compounds, the synthesized tracer exhibited the characteristics of multi-color fluorescence, and its fluorescent color varied with the mixing ratio of the two precursor solutions. The fluorescence intensity of the synthesized tracer was significantly higher than that of the monochromatic fluorescent nano-tracer. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectrometry were used to characterize the structure, maximum absorption wavelength, and fluorescence characteristics of the synthesized tracer, respectively. The experimental results show that the synthesized tracer has a maximum absorption wavelength of 450 nm and an emission wavelength of 576 nm. Under field emission scanning electron microscopy, the tracer appears as uniformly spherical particles with a size of 50 nm (±5). It exhibited good dispersibility and fluorescence characteristics in reservoir environments that varied in temperature (25∼85 °C) and salinity (1000∼10000 mg/L). The effects of environmentally sensitive clay minerals, tracer particle size, injection concentration, fluid salinity, and flow rate on the transport characteristics (retention) of tracers in sandstone cores were studied using 12 sets of tracer breakthrough experiments. The experimental results showed that increased sensitivity to clay minerals, salinity, and tracer particle size were not conducive to tracer migration in the core. In contrast, increased tracer injection concentration and flow rate were beneficial to tracer migration in the core.
研究领域:
化学工程
·
石油工程
·
材料科学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
高影响因子
PROGRESS IN ORGANIC COATINGS
·
2024
·
IF 6.5
Chuanjin Lin,Guoquan Suo,Rongrong Mu,Jiarong Li,Laraib Habib,Xiaojiang Hou,Shukai Ding,Jianfeng Zhu
Water-induced degradation threatens sandstone cultural relics, highlighting the need for effective protection. This study applies a nano-coating of PFDTS-modified TiO 2 /SiO 2 to sandstone, optimizing PFDTS concentration, coating penetration depth, and hydrophobicity. A TiO 2 -to-SiO 2 ratio of 75:25 with 80 μL of PFDTS achieved high water and oil contact angles of 152.7° and 145.7°, respectively. After 210 h of UV exposure, contact angles showed minimal reduction, confirming the coating's durability. Additionally, air permeability is preserved to maintain sandstone breathability. These findings provide valuable insights for safeguarding sandstone heritage sites against weathering.
研究领域:
材料科学
·
文物保护
·
纳米技术
✓ 已验证
DOI
高影响因子
ACS Omega
·
2024
·
IF 3.7
Ernest Peter Maiki,Renyuan Sun,Shaoran Ren,Ayman Mutahar AlRassas
In this study, we explore the impact of monovalent (NaCl) and divalent (CaCl2) brines, coupled with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant at varying low concentrations, on the detachment and displacement of oil from sandstone rock surfaces. Employing the sessile drop method and molecular dynamics simulations, we scrutinize the behavior of the brine solutions. Our findings reveal that both low salinity and low-salinity surfactant solutions induce a gradual shift in rock wettability toward a more water-wet state. This wettability transformation is not instantaneous but evolves over time, as observed through meticulous molecular motion analyses. Through contact angle measurements and molecular dynamics simulations, we delve into the molecular motion at subpore and micropore scales on sandstone/quartz surfaces. The adsorption of surface-active agents from the oil to the oil–brine interface results in a reduced interfacial tension, significantly contributing to oil displacement. Notably, low salinity concentrations ranging from 1000 to 10,000 ppm exhibit the lowest contact angles within 30 min across all solutions. However, higher concentrations deviate from this declining trend, especially with divalent ions like Ca2+, which bridge polar molecules onto the rock surface, resulting in an increased oil-wetting state. This research unveils the intricate molecular motions involved in employing low-salinity surfactant solutions for oil detachment from surfaces. Furthermore, it provides valuable insights into the underlying forces driving oil detachment and wettability alteration.
研究领域:
石油工程
·
界面化学
✓ 已验证
产品关联
DOI
PubMed
高影响因子
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）