The combination of thermal energy storage (TES) unit and solar air heater is one of the most efficient methods for long-term utilization of solar energy. In this study, a series of stable SrCl 2 @SG composite sorbents were prepared based on silica gel (SG) pellets and strontium chloride hexahydrate (SrCl 2 ·6H 2 O) to store low-grade solar thermal energy for space heating application. Composite characteristics, kinetic hydration/dehydration performance of SG and SrCl 2 @SG sorbents were thoroughly studied. Results demonstrated that the SrCl 2 @SG_10 sorbent has the largest sorption capacity of 0.34 g/g at the temperature of 25 °C and relative humidity (RH) of 90% without any liquid leakage . Additionally, kinetic hydration experiments showed that RH has a great impact on the water sorption performance of the TES materials , while the temperature effect is relatively insignificant. The TES performance of sorbents was further investigated in a laboratory prototype reactor with a multilayer structure, which was designed following an open sorption system concept. 800 g of sorbent pellets were evenly distributed on each layer of the sieve. Maximum instant output power and energy storage density of the SrCl 2 @SG_10 sorbent at 70% RH are 19.7 W and 100 kWh/m 3 respectively. Furthermore, the open TES system still maintains a comparatively high TES performance after fifteen charging/discharging cycles.
A hybrid adsorbent with inverse opal (IO) structure was prepared for removing Cd(II) from aqueous solution. The functional polymeric chains were grafted from the pore wall of IO silica to prepare the porous hybrid material by surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization. Furthermore, the amidation reaction was carried out to obtain diethylenetriamine-modified hybrid adsorbent (IO SiO 2 -g-PAA-DETA). Batch adsorption of removing Cd(II) onto IO SiO 2 -g-PAA-DETA was studied as the effect of solution pH, adsorbent doses, contact time, ionic concentration, and temperature. When the grafted amount was 73%, the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained. The optimum adsorbent dose and pH value for adsorbing Cd(II) were found to be 5 g/L and 0.5 g/L, respectively. The adsorption capacity was almost unaffected by Na + at low concentrations. The adsorption data was depicted by the corresponding models and the results displayed that adsorbing Cd(II) on IO SiO 2 -g-PAA-DETA followed the Freundlich and pseudo-first-order model. In addition, after six adsorption–desorption cycles, IO adsorbent could remain above 80% of the first adsorption ability while it was washed using 0.025 M EDTA.
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