Prothioconazole (Prot) has been widely used for over two decades in controlling cereal diseases. However, the continuous emergence of resistance in plant pathogens has necessitated the development of novel fungicides. Thiosulfonate compounds have great application prospects due to their unique structural features and multisite activity. Herein, 25 novel Prot-based thiosulfonates were synthesized, and related antifungal activities were evaluated. Among them, 17 arylthiosulfonates exhibited better antifungal efficacy against Fusarium graminearum (EC50 = 0.07–0.22 mg/L) than Prot (EC50 = 0.41 mg/L). Interestingly, the most efficient compound, Tosyl-Prot (I-08) could be hydrolyzed to Prot in the environment and exhibited superior safety toward germination of wheat seed (86.67%) compared to Prot (0%). The antifungal mechanism of compound I-08 was demonstrated by disrupting the membrane integrity, inhibiting biomass accumulation, and suppressing multiple metabolic pathways. Therefore, Prot-based thiosulfonates would offer innovative strategies for the development of next-generation agricultural fungicides with multimodal actions and enhanced environmental compatibility.
Processing is an indispensable technology in the preparation of Spirulina platensis ( S. platensis ). The key odorants in liquids, muds, and powders from S. platensis (NM and GZ) were characterized. A total of 90 odorants were identified and 41 odorants were sniffed with the flavor dilution (FD) factors ranging from 1 to 729. Among them, nonanal, decanal, d -limonene, β -cyclocitral, and β -ionone with FD factors ≥1 were detected in S. platensis during the whole processing stages. In addition, heptanal, ( E , E )-2,4-nonadienal, trans -4,5-epoxy-( E )-2-decenal, 1-hepten-3-one, isophorone, 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine, and α -ionone exhibited higher odor activity values in powders; β -myrcene, methional, and S -methyl methanethiosulphonate were key odorants in muds; while trans -3-penten-2-ol was key odorant in liquids. Besides, the GZ-mud presented stronger earthy and fishy odor than NM - mud. S. platensis powders have the stronger grassy odor, roasted odor, and marine odor than S. platensis muds. Overall, drying process promotes the formation of aldehydes, heterocyclic compounds, and terpenoids.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）